Date post: | 14-Apr-2017 |
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Health & Medicine |
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ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS
Presentation by:Huma Javeriya
Good Morning
Anticholinergic drugs are agents which block the effects of acetylcholine on cholinergic receptors.Also called as Antimuscarinic drugs and Parasympatholytic drugs
CLASSIFICATION
Anticholinergic drugs
Natural alkaloids
Synthetic alkaloids
Mydriatrics
Antispasmotic antisecretory
agents
Antiparkinsonian agents
Semisynthetic alkaloids
NATURAL ALKALIODS Atropine Hyoscine (Scopolamine)
Semisynthetic alkaloidsHomatropineIpratropium bromideTiotropium bromide
Antispasmotic antisecretory agentsPropanthelineDicyclomineOxyphenoniumGlycopyrrolateTelenzepineTolterodinepropiverineAntiparkinsonian agentsBenzhexolbenztropine
MydriaticsEucatropineCyclopentolate tropicamide
Atropine - Prototype
It is obtained from a plant Atropa belladonnaAtropine and scopalamine are belladona alkaloidsThe compete with muscaranic receptors and block themMUSCARANIC ANTAGONISTS
Mechanism of action video
Pharmacokinetics Well absorbed Cross BBB Get metabolised in the liver
Actions
• Stimulates • Restlessness
disorientation hallucinations
• Delirium
• ↓ secretions • Antisialogogue• Sweating is
reduced
• Mydriasis
• GIT and bilary tract : ↓ tone and motility and spasm is relieved
• Bronchodilation• It may cause urinary
retention in people with prostatic hypertrophy.
CVS Secretions
EyeSmooth muscle
USES OF BELLADONNA ALKALOIDS
Antispasmodic •In diarrhoea and dysentery relieves colic & abdominal pain•Renal & bilary colic :Used with morphine to overcomes spasm of sphincter of oddi•Nocturnal enuresis and paraplegia :↓ urinary frequency
Mydriatic &
cycloplegic•Fundoscopic examination of the eye nd error of refraction.•To give rest to the iris
Preanesthetic medication •Reduces salivary and respiratory secretions•Prevents laryngyospasm and brachycardia
Z OPP •Atropine is life saving antidote in case of organophosphorous poisoning and also in mushroom poisoning
Motion sickness •Transdermal hyoscine patches are available that prevent sickness during travelling
During labor •Produces sedation and amnesia
Dose (adults) Repeat
Antisialagogue 0.5 to 1 mg 1-2 hours
Organophosphorus or muscarinic mushroom
poisoning
2 to 3 mg 20-30 minutes
Brady systolic cardiac arrest
1 mg 3-5 minutes; 3 mg maximum total dose
• Fever• Dry mouth• Blurring of vision• Increased blood pressure• Hallucinations.
• Constipation, palpitation, restlessness, convolutions and coma.
• Sundowners syndrome.
Click icon to add picturePhysostigm
ine - Antidote
Atropine substituent's Derivatives used on the eye : Tropicamide over atropine. Antispasmodics and spasmolytics : used to relieve spasms of GIT reduce GI motility.o Peptic ulcer pirenzepine and telenzepineo Bronchial asthma ipratropium over atropine Preanesthetic medication: glycopyrrolate.
Parkinsonism: benztropine and benzhexol Urinary disorders: oxybutinin trospium over
atropine.
Thank you