Anticipation GuideAnticipation Guide It is never right to kill another personIt is never right to kill another person

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Anticipation GuideAnticipation Guide It is sometimes acceptable to betray It is sometimes acceptable to betray

your friendsyour friends

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Anticipation GuideAnticipation GuideThe more success and power you The more success and power you

have, the more people dislike you.have, the more people dislike you.

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Anticipation GuideAnticipation GuidePolitical leaders usually act in the Political leaders usually act in the

best interest of their countriesbest interest of their countries

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Anticipation GuideAnticipation GuideNo cause, political or otherwise, is No cause, political or otherwise, is

worth dying for. worth dying for.

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Anticipation GuideAnticipation Guide If a political leader has done If a political leader has done

something wrong, it is okay to get rid something wrong, it is okay to get rid of him or her by whatever means of him or her by whatever means necessarynecessary

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Julius Caesar Julius Caesar Background InformationBackground Information

The Tragedy of Julius CaesarThe Tragedy of Julius CaesarMost scholars agree that Most scholars agree that

Shakespeare Shakespeare wrote wrote The Tragedy of The Tragedy of Julius CaesarJulius Caesar in 1599. in 1599.

This play is based upon the This play is based upon the assassinationassassination of Julius Caesar by of Julius Caesar by his close friends and confidants. his close friends and confidants.

Background InformationBackground Information

The Romans were The Romans were superstitioussuperstitious. .

They believed that future events They believed that future events could be seen in could be seen in dreams, the dreams, the stars, and unnatural stars, and unnatural occurrencesoccurrences..

Many Romans believed that Many Romans believed that fatefate controlled one’s life.controlled one’s life.

BackgroundBackground InformationInformation In In 503 BC, 503 BC, Rome Rome

ended the rule of the ended the rule of the Tarquins, a series of Tarquins, a series of harsh, cruel rulers.harsh, cruel rulers.

Rome decided to Rome decided to never again be under never again be under the rule of such an the rule of such an oppressive oppressive government. government.

They refused ALL forms of government that consisted

of kings or emperors, basically any ruler who

achieves power based on inheritance instead of an

election.

Rome’s Government:Rome’s Government:After the TarquinsAfter the Tarquins

Rome set up a Rome set up a republicrepublic:: A government in which officials are A government in which officials are

electedelected. . The new government is made up of two The new government is made up of two

parts:parts:Two consuls Two consuls (leaders) and a (leaders) and a senatesenate. .

+ +

The Consuls were The Consuls were elected officialselected officials. .

They appointed the They appointed the Senate Senate membersmembers who could be from any who could be from any walk of life—walk of life—noblenoble or or common.common.

Julius Caesar’s Julius Caesar’s Rise to PowerRise to Power

Julius Caesar got into Julius Caesar got into politicspolitics during a time during a time in which the Consuls and the Senate were in which the Consuls and the Senate were having having problems. problems.

In this time of instability and arguing, he In this time of instability and arguing, he became an became an outspoken leader.outspoken leader.

SenateConsuls

In 60 BC the first In 60 BC the first triumviratetriumvirate (3-person governing body) was (3-person governing body) was formed. formed.

It consisted of It consisted of CaesarCaesar, a famous , a famous

general named general named PompeyPompey, and a , and a wealthy man named wealthy man named CrassusCrassus..

Julius Caesar

PompeyCrassus

After After CrassusCrassus died, Pompey began died, Pompey began to fear that Caesarto fear that Caesar was growing was growing too too powerful and popularpowerful and popular..

CrassusCaesar

At this time, Caesar and his army At this time, Caesar and his army were far away from Rome, were far away from Rome, conquering many lands for the conquering many lands for the Roman EmpireRoman Empire. .

Pompey ordered Caesar back so that Pompey ordered Caesar back so that he would not have to fear Caesar he would not have to fear Caesar and his powerful army. and his powerful army.

Instead, Caesar Instead, Caesar attackedattacked Pompey, Pompey, defeating his forces and killing him defeating his forces and killing him in the midst.in the midst.

Pompey

Caesar returned to Rome Caesar returned to Rome and was accepted by and was accepted by the people for his the people for his militarymilitary abilities. abilities.

He was loved for all of He was loved for all of the goods he brought the goods he brought back from his back from his conquests, and he was conquests, and he was elected elected Dictator for Dictator for Life. Life.

This meant that he This meant that he would rule Rome would rule Rome until his death, and until his death, and the next leader the next leader would have to be would have to be electedelected..

Caesar = Dictator for Life

We Love Ceasar!!!

Many believed that Caesar wanted Many believed that Caesar wanted to be to be emperoremperor instead of just instead of just Dictator for LifeDictator for Life. If he was . If he was Emperor, Julius Caesar’s son would Emperor, Julius Caesar’s son would inheritinherit the throne after his death. the throne after his death.

Many feared that Caesar would bring Many feared that Caesar would bring back a style of governing similar to back a style of governing similar to Tarquin’sTarquin’s. To prevent this, some . To prevent this, some members of the senate carried out members of the senate carried out a deceitful a deceitful

plan . . . plan . . .

SHAKESPEARE SHAKESPEARE BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

BookOf

Sonnets

Shakespeare BiographyShakespeare Biography Born in Born in 1546 1546 in in

Stratford-upon-Stratford-upon-AvonAvon

At 18: married At 18: married Anne HathawayAnne Hathaway

Had Had threethree children children Left for London to Left for London to

pursue career in pursue career in theatretheatre

Shakespeare BackgroundShakespeare Background Wrote in Wrote in barsbars and and

pubspubs because: because: Free light from Free light from

candlescandles Cheap foodCheap food InspirationInspiration

Types of WritingsTypes of WritingsShakespeare wroteShakespeare wrote

SonnetsSonnetsThree types of Three types of playsplays

HistoriesHistoriesTragediesTragediesComediesComedies

His plays remain popular todayHis plays remain popular todayHave been made into films and other Have been made into films and other

playsplays

Tragedies: Five ElementsTragedies: Five Elements1.1. Very Important Very Important

PeoplePeople (kings, princes, (kings, princes,

movers and shakers movers and shakers in Renaissance in Renaissance society)society)

2.2. Very Important Very Important ThingsThings

(wars, coronations, (wars, coronations, marriages, battles marriages, battles as the story begins)as the story begins)

3.3. Tragic Hero With a Tragic Hero With a Tragic FlawTragic Flaw

Tragic flaw- A Tragic flaw- A personality defect personality defect that will cause the that will cause the protagonist’s protagonist’s downfalldownfall

4.4. Magic or FantasyMagic or Fantasy (ghosts, magical (ghosts, magical

storms, witches)storms, witches)5.5. Hero DiesHero Dies

Shakespearean ConventionsShakespearean Conventions Soliloquy: Soliloquy: long speech given by a long speech given by a

character while alone on stage to reveal character while alone on stage to reveal private thoughtsprivate thoughts

More ConventionsMore Conventions Monologue: Monologue:

Longer speech Longer speech made by one made by one person on stage to person on stage to others on stageothers on stage

Aside: Aside: Character’s Character’s quiet remark to quiet remark to anotheranother

Ms. Drane’s #1 Pet Peeve:Ms. Drane’s #1 Pet Peeve:Shakespeare Shakespeare did did notnot write in write in

“Old” English“Old” English; in fact, it is actually ; in fact, it is actually very similar to the English that we very similar to the English that we speak today.speak today.

Old English Middle English

Shakespeare—Modern Shakespeare—Modern EnglishEnglish

The Globe TheaterThe Globe Theater Where many of Where many of

Shakespeare’s plays Shakespeare’s plays were performedwere performed

Called the “Wooden Called the “Wooden O” because of its O” because of its shapeshape

Totus mundus agit Totus mundus agit histrionemhistrionem