Antimicrobial Resistance and Overuse of Chemical ...

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Antimicrobial Resistance and Overuse of Chemical Fertilisers and Pesticides: Multi-sectoral and Multistakeholder Approaches for Safe Food 抗生素耐药性和农药化肥的过度使用：

多方协作成就放心食品

Mr. Rio D. Praaning Prawira Adiningrat Secretary General, PA International Foundation

PA国际基金会秘书长 6th Global Green Economy Prosperity Forum

第六届全球绿色经济财富论坛 7 June 2015, China National Convention Center, Beijing, China

2015年6月7日中国·北京·国际会议中心

mailto:[email protected]



http://www.pa-international.org.cn/





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Urgent? 紧急吗？

• Ebola/Global: 11,162 deaths 27,181 cases (as of 31 May 2015) 埃博拉病毒/全球： 11,162人死亡 27,181人患病（截止2015年5月31日） • MERS/Global: 434 deaths 1,152 cases (as of 1 June 2015) 中东呼吸综合征/全球： 434人死亡 1,152人患病（截止2015年6月1日） • AMR/Global: 700,000 deaths per year (UK Review on AMR) 抗生素耐药性/全球：每年70万例死亡（《英国抗生素耐药性评估报告》） • AMR/US: 23,000 deaths per year (US CDC) 抗生素耐药性/美国：每年2.3万人死亡（美国疾病控制与预防中心） • AMR/Europe: 25,000 deaths per year (ECDC) 抗生素耐药性/欧洲：每年2.5万人死亡（欧洲疾病预防及控制中心） • AMR/China: ??? 抗生素耐药性/中国： ??? • Chinese soil: 1.6 trillion USD to clean up 中国的土壤： 1.6万亿美元清理费用 • Chinese water: Running out and over 50% polluted 中国的水资源：总量不足而且超过50%被污染

We know all about Ebola. 我们对埃博拉病毒已经了如指掌。

What do we know about AMR and Pesticides? 但我们究竟了解抗生素耐药性和农药多少？ 2









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Chinese Government’s Answer 中国政府的答案

“Whether we can provide a satisfying solution on food safety to the

people is an important test on our capacity of governance.”

“能不能在食品安全上给老百姓一个满意的交代，是对我们执政

能力的重大考验。” ——Xi Jinping, President of P. R. China 中华人民共和国主席习近平

Sources（来源）: Xinhua（新华网）: http://news.xinhuanet.com/food/2012-09/16/c_123720556.htm World Bank（世界银行）: http://blogs.worldbank.org/voices/food-safety-china-addressing-common-problems-requires-unusual-approaches

Challenge: meet rising demand for food products while ensuring safer, more sustainable food production

systems

挑战：既要满足粮食产品不断增加的需求，同时又要确保现有粮食生产体系更安全、更可持续

New technologies can help assist farmers in shift away from hazardous use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and antibiotics

新技术可以帮助农民不再使用有害的化肥、农药和抗生素

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Overuse of Chemical Fertilisers and Chemical Pesticides in China 中国过度使用化肥及化学农药的情况

•16.1 % of China’s soil and 19.4% of farmland is contaminated (China Ministry of Environmental

Protection) 中国16.1％的土壤和19.4％的农田已被污染（中华人民共和国环境保护部）

•83% of contamination from inorganic sources such as heavy metals, partly caused by application of fertilizers and pesticides (China Ministry of Environmental Protection)

83%的污染来自例如重金属等无机来源，也有部分是使用化肥、农药造成的（中华人民共和国环境保护部）

•70% of the chemical fertilizers and pesticides cause soil and water contamination (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

70%的化肥和农药在使用过程中造成土壤和水的污染（中国农业科学院）

•As of 2013, nearly 60% of monitored areas of China have ‘very poor’ or ‘relatively poor’ underground-water quality (China Ministry of Land and Resources)

截至2013年，中国近60％的监测范围内地下水质为“很差”或者“较差” （中华人民共和国国土资源部）

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The Chinese News Media Are Alerted: Pesticides-Contaminated Strawberries

中国媒体高度关注草莓农残超标风波

Source: Beijing News（来源：新京报） http://www.bjnews.com.cn/feature/2015/05/14/363397.html

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Source: China Daily（来源：中国日报） http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2015-04/22/content_20502194.htm

Chinese Media Report on Required Regulatory Changes: Pesticides Must Be Phased Out in the New Food Safety Law

中国媒体对必需的法规调整的报道：新的食品安全法淘汰农药

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Will Profit Sink with New Regulations? 新法规会削减利润吗？

Look at What It Costs If No Action Is Taken. 请看不行动的巨大代价。

And the Consumer Will Pay! 消费者才是最后为此买单的人！

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• Total clean-up costs of China’s soil are USD 1.6 trillion (2013, Zhuang Guotai, the Head of the

Ministry of of Environmental Protection’s Department of Nature and Ecology Conservation)

中国的土壤清理总计需要1.6万亿美元（2013年，庄国泰，自然生态保护环境保护署的负责人）

• Between 2014 and 2020 China’s soil remediation market is worth nearly USD 110 billion (The Jiangsu Institute of the Environmental Industry)

2014-2020年中国的土壤修复市场价值将达近110万亿美元（江苏环保研究所）

• Healthcare related costs of water pollution amount to 1.9% of rural GDP (2007, World Bank)

与水污染相关的医疗保健费用达到农村生产总值的1.9%（2007年，世界银行）









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• Water scarcity related to water pollution costs around 1% of GDP (World Bank, 2007)

由水污染造成的水资源匮乏耗资约占国内生产总值的1% (世界银行，2007年）

• Direct losses for agricultural producers (e.g. heavy metal pollution of grain) costs China 20 billion yuan (2.9 billion euros, exchange rate dated 27 May 2015) annually (2011, Luo Xiwen, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering)

农业生产者因诸如粮食重金属污染等原因造成的直接经济损失，每年要花

费中国200亿元人民币（按照2015年5月27汇率，约合29亿欧元） (2011年，罗希文，中国工程院院士)

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Will Profit Sink with New Regulations? 新法规会削减利润吗？

Look at What It Costs If No Action Is Taken. 请看不行动的巨大代价。

And the Consumer Will Pay! 消费者才是最后为此买单的人！









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Solutions: Shift to Biological Plant Protection Products 解决措施：转而使用生物植保产品

• China must reduce use of pesticides by 80-90%. (Jiang Gaoming, Researcher at the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

中国必须减少80%-90%的农药使用量。（蒋高明，中国中科院研究员）

• Sustainable pesticides are still needed: China must feed 22% of the world’s population on less than 9% of world’s cultivated land. 可持续的农药仍然是有必要的，因为中国必须在不足世界9%的耕地上养活世界22%的人口。

• Shift from hazardous chemicals to sustainable plant protection products needed

to help cleaning China’s soil and groundwater and to ensure sufficient production of healthy and safe food.

必须从生产有毒的化肥农药转变为生产可持续的植保产品，才能净化中国的土壤和地下水，从而确保健康、安全、充足的食品生产。

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International Biocontrol Manufacturers’ Association (IBMA), based in the EU, represents global manufacturers of biocontrol solutions

国际生物防治制造商协会（IBMA），总部设在欧盟，代表着全球范围内生

物防治解决方案领域的制造商。

Biocontrols 生物防治： - Plant-based alternatives to conventional pesticides 植物为基础的替代品代替传统农药 - Close-to-zero pesticide residues 接近于零的农药残留 - Effective tool within Integrated Pest Management (IPM) systems to manage pests and diseases in a sustainable, safe and effective way 运用综合虫害管理（IPM）系统内的有效工具以一种可持续的、安全的、有效的方式管理病虫害 - Low risk for environment and human health 对环境和人类健康低风险

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Europe Has the Same Problem, IBMA Provides Solutions 欧洲也遇此问题，IBMA为其提供了解决方案

FAO Director General Da Silva supports IBMA and Shift to Low-Risk Pesticides in IPM systems

粮农组织总干事Da Silva非常支持IBMA及其在病虫害综合防治体系中转向使用低风险农药的做法。









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• WHO definition: “[Antimicrobial resistance] develops when microorganisms such as bacteria no longer respond to antibiotics to which it was originally sensitive.”

世界卫生组织的定义：【抗微生物药物耐药性】指微生物(如细菌)对原本能够有效治疗其所引起的感染的抗微生物药物产生抵抗性。

• This means that 这意味着： Standard treatments no longer work 标准治疗不再起作用 Infections become impossible to control 感染变得不可控 Increased risk of unstoppable infection spreading

无法阻挡的感染扩散的风险增加 Illness prolonged, operations virtually impossible

患病时间延长，手术变得不可行 Increased risk of unnecessary death 不必要死亡的风险增加

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What Is Antimicrobial Resistance? 什么是抗生素耐药性？









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• “Antibiotic resistance is no longer a prediction for the future; it is happening right now, across the world […] Without urgent, coordinated action, the world is heading towards a post-antibiotic era.” 抗生素耐药性已不再是对未来的预测;它正在全世界发生 [...]如果不采取紧急、协调的行动，世界将进入后抗生素时代。

• “The problem is so serious that it threatens the achievements of modern medicine. A post-antibiotic era – in which common infections and minor injuries can kill – is a very real possibility for the 21st century.” 问题如此严重，它威胁到现代医学的成就。一个普通的感染和细小的伤害就可以致人死命的后抗生素时代在21世纪非常可能出现。

Dr. Margaret Chan, DG, World Health Organization, 2014

世界卫生组织总干事陈冯富珍博士，2014年

AMR Is a Major Public Health Threat

抗生素耐药性是一个重大公共健康威胁

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• Completed by 150 global top experts from all relevant fields 由来自于全球150名相关领域的顶尖专家完成

• 100% of respondents: AMR poses “major threat to public health” 100%的受访者都同意抗生素耐药性构成“公众健康的重大威胁”

• 76% of respondents: “ultimate action” must be taken within 2-5 years in order to avert a full-blown public health crisis 76%的受访者指出，为避免一场全面的公众健康危机，“终极行动”必须在2-5年内实行

• It takes up to 15 years to develop novel antimicrobial molecules, while bacterial resistance to novel molecules develops in as little as 1-4 years 需要15年的时间来开发新的抗菌分子，但是细菌耐药性的新型分子在短短的1-4年就可以形成

So time is running out 因此时不我待

Key Results from 2013 PA Elite Poll on AMR 2013年PA关于抗生素耐药性的精英投票的关键结果

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• Development of new antibiotics is only relevant if they will not be used in animals. 94% of respondents favoured a ban on the use of critically important antibiotics for growth promotion and disease prevention in animals. 只有当抗生素不被用在动物身上时，研发新的抗生素才有意义。94%的受访者赞成禁止在动物身上使用极为重要的抗生素用于促进生长和预防疾病。

• If a ban is agreed, respondents state the best way to reduce the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry would be to invest in the development of alternatives to antibiotics.

如果禁令通过，受访者表示减少在动物身上使用抗生素的最好办法是投资研发抗生素的替代品。

• Use of antibiotics in animals (particularly pigs, chicken, fish) is particularly high in developing countries (China, India, Indonesia) investment in better animal husbandry methods and alternatives may provide most effective approach.

发展中国家（如中国、印度、印度尼西亚）在动物身上（尤其是猪、鸡、鱼）使用抗生素尤为普遍投资研发更好的饲养方法和抗生素替代品是更有效的方法

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Key Results from 2013 PA Elite Poll on AMR 2013年PA关于抗生素耐药性的精英投票的关键结果









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Global AMR Rates 全球抗生素耐药率

• In 2014, WHO released first-ever global surveillance report on AMR.

在2014年，世界卫生组织首次发布了抗生素耐药性全球监测报告。

• Data available for only 114 countries. 本次数据仅来自于114个国家。

• Very high rates of resistance observed in all WHO regions in common bacteria including E. Coli, K. pneumoniae, Staph. Aureus

世卫组织各区域观察到的耐药性最高的常见细菌有：大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌

• Particular concern about rates of resistance in China, India, and other developing countries. 尤其对中国、印度及其他发展中国家的耐药率表示担忧。

• Conclusion: “The results are cause for high concern, documenting resistance to antibiotics, especially ‘last resort’ antibiotics, in all regions of the world.”

结论：“监测结果应引起人们的高度重视。世界所有地区都应当记录抗生素耐药性情况，特别是那些属于‘最后一道防线’的抗生素。”

Source: World Health Organization (2014): Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance 来源：世界卫生组织（2014年）“全球抗生素耐药性监测报告”

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16 Source: World Health Organization (2014): Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance 来源：世界卫生组织（2014年）“全球抗生素耐药性监测报告”










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17 Source: World Health Organization (2014): Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance 来源：世界卫生组织（2014年）“全球抗生素耐药性监测报告”










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Human and Economic Costs of AMR 抗生素耐药性造成的人员和财产损失

• Today: 700,000 deaths world-wide each year

当前全球每年有70万人死于抗生素耐药性

• By 2050: 10 million deaths per year if resistance continues to rise

到2050年，如果抗生素耐药性继续增长，每年将会有1000万人死亡。

- 4,730,000 deaths in Asia 其中亚洲死亡人数将达473万人

- Highest mortality rate in Asia 全世界最高的死亡率将出现在亚洲

• Between now and 2050: 300 million people are expected to die prematurely,

total GDP loss USD 100 trillion (USD 210 trillion including secondary effects)

现在至2050年之间：将有3亿人出现过早死亡，直接造成的国内生产总

值总损失将达100万亿美元（间接损失达210万亿美元） Source: The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, December 2014; World Health Organization 来源：2014年12月世界卫生组织“抗生素耐药性述评” 18









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AMR in China 中国的抗生素耐药性情况

• World’s biggest producer and consumer of antibiotics, of which 50% are used in food animals 作为世界上最大的抗生素生产国和消费国，中国有50%的抗生素用于食

品动物 • By 2050: an estimated 1 million deaths per year due to AMR; cumulative economic cost of USD 20 trillion – equivalent to 2 years of current Chinese output 到2050年：每年预计有100万人死于抗生素耐药性，累计经济损失达20万亿美元（相当于当

前中国两年的出口总额） • About 2/3 of hospitalized patients receive antibiotics, compared to 1/3 of patients world-wide; high non-prescription antibiotics use 多达2/3的住院病人会接受抗生素治疗，而世界平均比例为1/3 。无医生处方就使用抗生素的比例非常高 • High resistance rates: 70% of patients with E. Coli resistant to a common antibiotic (Methicillin), 50% of patients with K. Pneumoniae resistant to antibiotic 高抗生素耐药率： 70%的病人的大肠杆菌对常见的抗生素（甲氧西林）有抗药性， 50%的

肺炎病人有抗药性 Source: The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, December 2014; World Health Organization 来源：2014年12月世界卫生组织“抗生素耐药性述评” 19









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Annual Deaths Attributable to AMR by 2050 到2050年之前每年死于抗生素耐药性的人数

20 Source: The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, December 2014; World Health Organization 来源：2014年12月世界卫生组织“抗生素耐药性述评”









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Annual AMR-Related Deaths by 2050 到2050年之前每年死因与抗生素耐药性有关的人数

21 Source: The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, December 2014; World Health Organization 来源：2014年12月世界卫生组织“抗生素耐药性述评”









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AMR-Related International News

抗生素耐药性相关国际新闻

Source: RAPS （来源：法规事务专业学会） http://www.raps.org/Regulatory-Focus/News/2015/05/19/22220/EU-Parliament-Calls-for-Measures-to-Combat-Antimicrobial-Resistance/ 22









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Source: WHO World Health Assembly （来源：世界卫生组织世界卫生大会） http://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/2015/wha68/merkel-speech-wha68.pdf

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Source: BBC（来源：英国广播公司） http://www.bbc.com/news/health-32701896 24











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Source: BBC （来源：英国广播公司） http://www.bbc.com/news/business-31743764 25











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Source: Manufacturing Business Technology http://www.mbtmag.com/news/2015/05/tyson-curb-antibiotics-poultry-schools-hospitals

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Source: China Economic Review （来源：中国经济评论） http://www.chinaeconomicreview.com/growth-addiction

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AMR-Related China News

抗生素耐药性相关中国新闻









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Source: China Daily （来源：中国日报） http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2015-04/22/content_20501743.htm

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AMR-Related China News

抗生素耐药性相关中国新闻









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Main Drivers of AMR 抗生素耐药性的主要驱动力

• Overuse of antibiotics (inappropriate/excessive use in human medicine;

use of antibiotics for growth promotion and disease prevention in animals) 抗生素的滥用（在人类医药方面的不适当/过度使用；在动物身上使用抗生素来促进生长和预防疾病）

• Poor infection prevention and control practices 感染预防与控制措施不力

• Counterfeit and substandard antibiotics sold in many parts of the world but particularly in developing countries 在世界许多地方尤其是发展中国家销售假冒或不合格抗生素

• International travel and trade facilitating the spread of disease 国际旅行和贸易使得疾病传播更为容易

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Veterinary Antibiotics Use 兽用抗生素的使用

• Antibiotics used for growth promotion and disease prevention in food-producing animals: increasing risk that resistant bacteria are transmitted to consumers via the food chain 在食源性动物上用于促进生长和预防疾病的抗生素：增加耐药菌通过食物链传导给消费者的风险

• Global antibiotics used for food animal production estimated at 63,151 tonnes in 2010 (up to 50% of all antibiotics sales) 2010年，全球用于食品动物生产的抗生素约为63,151吨（达到所有抗生素销售总量的50％）

• High demand for food animal products in fast-growing economies is driving further increase in veterinary antibiotics use: estimated to rise by 67% by 2030 快速发展的

经济体对于食品动物产品的高需求，推动了兽用抗生素使用的进一步增加：预计到2030年将增加67％。

– Use expected to double in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa 在巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非，使用量预计将翻倍

Source: Thomas P van Boeckel et al (2015): Global use of antimicrobials in food animals 30









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Global Veterinary Antibiotics Use

全球兽用抗生素使用

Source: Thomas P van Boeckel et al (2015): Global use of antimicrobials in food animals

Global Antimicrobial Consumption in Livestock in Milligrams per 10 k㎡

全球畜牧业抗生素使用量（单位：毫克每10平方公里）

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The Alternative: 替代品： Toolbox of Feed Additive AGP Alternatives with Known Bioactivities

具有已知生物活性的抗生素促生长剂的饲料添加剂替代品的工具箱

Tools 工具:

• Organic acids 有机酸

• Short chain fatty acids 短链脂肪酸

• Medium chain fatty acids 中链脂肪酸

• Specific lipids 特有脂类

• Prebiotic sugars, polysaccharides 益生元糖，多糖

• Plant extracts, essential oils (incl. TCMs)

植物提取物，精油（包括中药）

• Yeast derived specialties 酵母

• Probiotics 益生菌

• Enzymes 酶

• Functional protein hydrolysis /peptides 功能性蛋白水解/肽

• Mycotoxin control 霉菌毒素控制

Functional Feed Additive Combination Solutions 功能性饲料添加剂的组合解决方案

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http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=n6QTZ6JDj6-gLM&tbnid=8NOFyaFqzf4YjM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.ecclesio.com/2011/11/a-faithful-toolbox-by-emily-west/&ei=NdhWUobdI4qJ7Abs6YDYBg&bvm=bv.53760139,d.ZGU&psig=AFQjCNFsaCBD3qn9YGcwn09L2RdJhqQyMg&ust=1381509535851020



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Some AGP Alternatives Compared

部分抗生素促生长剂替代品的对比

Product type Number

of studies

% change

ADG

% change

FCR

Consistency

results

AMGP 12 +7.8 -3.2 +++

Organic acids 49 +5.9 -2.6 ++

Plant extracts 19 +2.6 -0.6 Not available

Probiotics 39 +2.8 -0.4 +

Prebiotics 19 +1.4 -0.3 +

Enzymes 22 +2.3 -0.3 +

Etheric oils 27 +2.4 -0.7 +

Combined

products

3 +9.5 -3.3 Not available

Hendriks, 2014; van der Eijk, 2002

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Obstacles to Addressing AMR 解决抗生素耐药性的障碍 • Consumers have limited awareness of AMR issue 消费者对抗生素耐药性问题

的认识有限 • Pharmaceutical and agricultural lobbies block action by governments to reduce

antibiotics consumption, particularly in the animal husbandry sector 医药和农业游说团体阻止各国政府采取行动减少抗生素的使用，尤其在畜牧业领域

• Governments lack funding, political willingness or ability to enforce AMR-related legislation different challenges for developed and developing countries 政府缺乏资金、政治意愿或执行抗生素耐药性相关法规的能力发达国家和发展中国家面临不同的挑战

• AMR is a transboundary problem requiring cooperation between countries and regions 抗生素耐药性是一个跨国界的问题，需要各个国家地区之间的合作

• Persistent lack of data on AMR rates and antibiotics consumption in humans and animals hampers full understanding of the issue 长期缺乏关于抗生素耐药率和人类及动物的抗生素使用的数据，阻碍了对问题的充分理解

• No new antimicrobials discovered in 20 years; too little research on alternatives 20年来没有研制出新的抗生素；关于替代品的研究太少

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Growing Consensus to Ban Antibiotics Use in Livestock: Responsible Food Producers Ban Antibiotics 禁止在畜牧业中使用抗生素的共识增长：

负责任的食品生产商禁用抗生素 Best Remedy as in Melamine: Consumers Choose against Antibiotics in Food 最好的解决办法是参照三聚氰胺案例：消费者选择反对含抗生素食品

• Experts, NGOs, and consumers inspire shift away from dangerous antibiotics use 专家、非政府组织和消费者促使危险的抗生素使用行为的转变

• Major food industry like McDonald’s, Tyson Foods, Costco, Chick Fil-A, Chipotle start producing antibiotics free food 麦当劳、泰森食品公司、好市多、 Chick Fil-A 、 Chipotle等主要食品生产经营商都已开始生产不含抗生素的食品

• Yet: Sanderson Farms in the US at Goldman Sachs conference denies link between antibiotics in chicken and AMR!! 然而：美国桑德森农场在高盛会议上继续否认养鸡过程中抗生素的使用和抗生素耐药性之间的关系

Growing pressure on Governments to reduce the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry 对于要求政府减少畜牧业中抗生素使用的压力越来越大了

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Momentum on AMR is Growing 抗生素耐药性的势头在增长

• EU Health Commissioner Dr Vytenis Andriukaitis: Combating AMR is top priority; European Parliament promotes ban on using antibiotics to prevent disease in food-producing animals – use for growth promotion is already outlawed 欧盟卫生与食品安全总司司长Vytenis Andriukaitis博士把抗生素耐药性作为第一要务；欧洲议会促进在食源性动物上使用抗生素用来预防疾病禁令的出台——已经宣布抗生素用作促进生长使用是非法的

• United States announced first National Action Plan on AMR in 2015; lofty statements hide that regulatory action still lacks 2015年美国宣布了首个关于抗生素耐药性的全国行动计划；尽管目标远大，但仍存在法规及行动的缺失

• Consumers and politicians are urging Chinese government to act on AMR 消费者们和政客们敦促中国政府对于抗生素耐药性采取行动

• WHO tasked with drafting Global Action Plan on AMR, which was passed at the World Health Assembly in May 2015 世卫组织起草了关于抗生素耐药性的全球行动计划并在2015年5月世界卫生大会上通过

• AMR on agenda of G7 Summit in Germany in June 2015; movement to address AMR at G20 Summit in China in November 2016 抗生素耐药性出现在2015年6月在德国举行的七国集团峰会的议事日程上；2016年11月在中国举行的二十国集团首脑峰会上将进一步讨论抗生素耐药性问题 36









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What is next? 下一步是什么？

• June 2015 G7 in Germany. AMR is a key issue on the agenda 2015年6月德国举行七国集团峰会。抗生素耐药性是议事日程的关键问题

• September 2015 Annual veterinarian conference in China. Feed additives will be discussed 2015年9月在中国举行的年度兽医大会。将讨论饲料添加剂问题

• January – July 2016 Dutch Presidency of the EU, fight against AMR is a priority issue

2016年1-7月欧盟轮值主席国荷兰认为对抗抗生素耐药性是一个优先问题

• November 2016 China hosts G20 Summit: AMR on the agenda? 2016年11月中国举办二十国集团首脑峰会：抗生素耐药性提上议事日程？

Opportunities for policymakers and stakeholders to focus on innovative solutions to combat AMR

对于政策制定者和利益相关者来说，是专注用创新的解决方法抗击抗生素耐药性的机会 37









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Call for Immediate Action 呼吁立即行动

Through a Holistically Integrated Global 4-Pillar Approach:

通过整体协调的全球性四支柱模式： 1. Investment in alternatives to antibiotics such as health promoting feed

additives in addition to new antimicrobial molecules 投资抗生素替代品如新的抗菌分子外的促进健康的饲料添加剂

2. The establishment of a global multi-stakeholder steered fund to coordinate AMR research 建立一个由全球性的多方利益相关者控制的基金来协调抗生素耐药性的研究

3. An effective ban on the use of antibiotics for growth promotion and disease prevention in animals 针对在动物上使用抗生素促进生长和预防疾病问题颁布有效的禁令

4. A global multi-stakeholder information programme that ensures visibility of the AMR threat 建立全球性多利益相关者的信息程序，以确保抗生素耐药性威胁的可见性

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Call for Action in China 呼吁在中国的行动

• Worsening AMR rates can only be prevented through multi-stakeholder action, particularly in the animal husbandry sector 日益恶化的抗生素耐药率只能通过多利益相关者的行动来预防，尤其是在畜牧养殖业

• China has the potential to become a global leader on the AMR issue placing AMR on the agenda of the G20 meeting in November 2016 中国有潜力成为抗击抗生素耐药性问题的世界领导者→ 2016年11月的二十国集团首脑峰会上将讨论抗生素耐药性的问题

• Collaboration with the EU for instance on alternatives for use in animal husbandry may yield valuable results 例如与欧盟在畜牧养殖替代品的使用上的合作就可能产生有价值的结果

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Cooperative Chinese-Dutch Anti-AMR Test Program in China

中国-荷兰抗击抗生素耐药性的合作：在中国的测试 • Key Chinese Institutes partner with global leader Nutreco (Netherlands) to test

functional feed additives for use in pigs and poultry in China. 中国权威科研机构

与世界领导品牌荷兰泰高合作，在中国的猪和家禽上使用功能性饲料添加剂进行测试。

• Testing for effects on animal health & performance, challenge studies and compare to antibiotics use 测试对动物健康和性能的影响，攻毒试验以及和抗生素的使用作对比。

• Opportunity to use results in China to start cooperation with the EU on jointly combating AMR, fitting well into current WHO, FAO policies. 抓住这个机会，将

促使中欧合作共同抗击抗生素耐药性，这和当今世界卫生组织以及联合国粮农组织的政策一致。

• Option to add similar test program in aquaculture which is considered one of the largest sources of antibiotics in the food chain. 选择在水产业增加类似的测试项目，因为水产业被认为是食物链中抗生素最重要的来源之一。

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How to Learn from EU Experiences Practicing Antibiotics Reduction by Using Alternatives

Chinese Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 51, Issue 10, 2015

The left part indicates Chinese experts are questioning the use of AGP and ban of antibiotics in animal feed will be realised in the near future. It also introduces the test project based on an MoU signed between China Animal Disease Control Centre and Nutreco/Selko (right).

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