Date post: | 14-Oct-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | olga-rudic |
View: | 879 times |
Download: | 25 times |
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
1/178
.. , ., , ..
!!"#$
#"%!#
$&!
'()*+,- ./0+12*2)3
!45 4 67# 8"#
6$ %!% 95: !; ;6# 86$
5"$ 5 &< ;6&< 5%, 6;=7
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
2/178
A@B CDC.EFD.EGHIJ.I BHE.J #"KC DJ
. ., . ., . .DJ !!"#$ #"%!# $&!G A;6. 86
5"$ 5. K .G @, ELLL. K JHH.
MNOP QKDEIDKJILFKHA;6 86 !"=; 5"&G 854 5; !,
R4"#;!% "& " "# #"%!# $&!, "6, 4"#$,"#$, 4$ 4$ 4##"%!# $&!. S;!% 4" $ 4"4 5"$ 8!;!% 4$"% 6& 6& 4
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
3/178
X2(Y/(Y
Introduction. Z-[Y M [ Z2\]^ Z-[Y M /0+12*2)3^ . . F Chapter 1.
Z-+1- Z2\] N-2_*] Z/ X-22/, 2\a[*
2\ M(b2\a[*^............................................................................. EJ
Chapter 2. Z-+1- Z2\] N-2_*] Z/ X-22/, `2\a[*2\ M(b2\a[*^ (continued)......................................................... JD
Chapter 3. c-/ 'Y3a2*2)3 2b '()*+- Z2\]. d\/ [**
'()*+- Z2\] e/[**3 '()*+-^...................................... ........ ffChapter 4. c-/ 'Y3a2*2)3 2b '()*+- Z2\]
(continued).............................................................................. FJChapter 5. g2h '()*+- Z2\] d\/ i[]/. Z2\]j
k_+*]+()........................................................................... ........ DHChapter 6. g2h '()*+- Z2\] d\/ i[]/. Z2\]j
k_+*]+() (continued)................................................................EIfChapter 7. Z-[Y M ?i/[(+()?^...................................................EJL
Chapter 8. g2h Z2\] l/m/*2n P/h i/[(+()...................... ...EfD
Chapter 9. g2a2(3aG Z2\] 2b Y-/ N[a/ `2\a.......................EFF
Chapter 10. N3(2(3aG d\/ c-/+\ i/[(+() Y-/ N[a/2\ ]+bb/\/(Y^.............................................................................EHf
Chapter 11. N3(2(3a (continued). '_n-/a+a.d(Y2(3a................................................................................JIL
Chapter 12. o-\[/2*2)3G Z2\]j)\2_n h+Y- c\[(
b/\\/] i/[(+()......................................................................JJQChapter 13. o-\[/2*2)3. o\+(1+n*/ 2b X*[+b+
1[Y+2( ......................................................................................JfJ
Chapter 14. l2 da/\+1[( Nn/[p '()*+- 2\da/\+1[(^...............................................................................JQL
N_nn*/a/(Y[\3 i[Y/\+[*................................................................JDF
N2_\1/..........................................................................................JHC
l+1Y+2([\+/...................................................................................JHf
+Y 2b d_Y-2\ q_2Y/].................................................................JHQ
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
4/178
Preface
M( Y-+ k22p Y-/ \/[]/\ h+** b+(] Y-/ b_(][a/(Y[* 2b Y-/ h2\]
Y-/2\3 [(] 2b Y-/ a[+( n\2k*/a [21+[Y/] h+Y- '()*+- m21[k_*[\3,+Y 1-[\[1Y/\+Y+1 [(] _k]+m++2(. '[1- 1-[nY/\ 12(Y[+( k2Y- Y-/2\3[(] /0/\1+/ b2\ /a+([\ [(] +(]/n/(]/(Y h2\p.
c-/ k22p + +(Y/(]/] b2\ '()*+- *[()_[)/ Y_]/(Y [Yo/][)2)+1[* r(+m/\+Y+/ sC] [(] fY- 3/[\ 2b Y_]+/t Y[p+() Y-/12_\/ 2b '()*+- */0+12*2)3 [(] b_**3 a//Y Y-/ \/u_+\/a/(Y 2b Y-/n\2)\[aa/ +( Y-/ _kv/1Y. MY a[3 [*2 k/ 2b +(Y/\/Y Y2 [** \/[]/\,
h-2/ 12aa[(] 2b '()*+- + _bb+1+/(Y Y2 /([k*/ Y-/a Y2 \/[] Y/0Y2b [m/\[)/ ]+bb+1_*Y3 [(] h-2 h2_*] *+p/ Y2 )[+( 2a/ +(b2\a[Y+2([k2_Y Y-/ m21[k_*[\3 \/2_\1/ 2b i2]/\( '()*+- sb2\ /0[an*/,[k2_Y 3(2(3a [(] [(Y2(3at, [k2_Y Y-/ Y3*+Y+1 n/1_*+[\+Y+/ 2b'()*+- m21[k_*[\3, [k2_Y Y-/ 12an*/0 ([Y_\/ 2b Y-/ h2\]w a/[(+()[(] Y-/ a2]/\( a/Y-2] 2b +Y +(m/Y+)[Y+2(, [k2_Y '()*+- +]+2a,
[k2_Y Y-2/ 1-[()/ Y-[Y '()*+- m21[k_*[\3 _(]/\h/(Y +( +Y-+Y2\+1[* ]/m/*2na/(Y [(] [k2_Y 2a/ 2Y-/\ [n/1Y 2b '()*+-*/0+12*2)3. x(/ 1[( -[\]*3 [1u_+\/ [ n/\b/1Y 12aa[(] 2b '()*+-h+Y-2_Y -[m+() p(2h*/])/ 2b [** Y-// Y-+(), b2\ [ n/\b/1Y 12aa[(]2b [ *[()_[)/ +an*+/ Y-/ 12(1+2_ [nn\2[1- Y2 Y-/ *[()_[)/w\/2_\1/ [(] [Y */[Y [ n[\Y+[* _(]/\Y[(]+() 2b Y-/ ?+((/\
a/1-[(+a? h-+1- a[p/ Y-/ -_)/ *[()_[)/ 3Y/a h2\p.
c-+ k22p + Y-/ b+\Y [YY/anY Y2 /ak\[1/ k2Y- Y-/ Y-/2\3 [(]n\[1Y+1[* /0/\1+/ +( Y-/ 2(/ m2*_a/, Y-/ Yh2 n[\Y k/+() +(Y/)\[Y/].c-/ [_Y-2\ Y\+/] Y2 /Y[k*+- *+(p k/Yh//( Y-/ Y-/2\3 2b */0+12*2)3[(] Y-/ \/[*+Y3 2b *+m+() n//1-, 2( Y-/ 2(/ -[(], [(] Y-/ *[()_[)/j*/[\(+() [(] *[()_[)/jY/[1-+() n\21/, 2( Y-/ 2Y-/\, (/m/\ *2+()
+)-Y 2b Y-/ b[1Y Y-[Y Y-/
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
5/178
a[v2\+Y3 2b +(Y/(]/] \/[]/\ 2b Y-/ k22p [\/ Y/[1-/\ [(] Y_]/(Y 2bo/][)2)+1[* r(+m/\+Y+/.
c-/ [_Y-2\ Y\+/] Y2 n\//(Y Y-/ a[Y/\+[* +( [( /[3 [(]12an\/-/(+k*/ Y3*/ [(], [Y Y-/ [a/ Y+a/, Y2 a//Y Y-/ \/[]/\ 2( Y-/*/m/* 2b [ -[*bj+(b2\a[* Y[*p. Z+Y- Y-/ m+/h 2b a[p+() Y-/ k22p a2\/m+m+] [(] +(Y/\/Y+(), h/ -[m/ +(Y\2]_1/] /0Y\[1Y b\2a -_a2\2_
[_Y-2\, (_a/\2_ v2p/ [(] [(/1]2Y/ [(] /0Y\[1Y b\2a k22p k32_YY[(]+() h\+Y/\, [+a+() Y2 -2h -2h ]+bb/\/(Y */0+12*2)+1[*
n-/(2a/([ [\/ _/] b2\ Y3*+Y+1 n_\n2/.c-/2\3 [(] /0/\1+/ Y2 X-. EKJ h/\/ h\+YY/( k3 y. O.
d(Y\_-+([, /0/\1+/ Y2 M(Y\2]_1Y+2( [(] X-. Q, F, L, EI, EE k3 x. z.db[([3/m[ [(] Y2 X-. C, f, D, H,EJ,EC,Ef k3 P. P. i2\2{2m[.
c-/ [_Y-2\ h+- Y2 [1p(2h*/])/ Y-/ 12(+]/\[k*/ [+Y[(1/
[bb2\]/] Y-/a k3 Y-/+\ '()*+- 12**/[)_/ i\. e2k/\Y c. o_**+(,/1Y_\/\ +( ']_1[Y+2(, e_+[( [(] `\/(1-, [Y Y-/ r(+m/\+Y3 2bN-/bb+/*], r. |., h-2 p+(]*3 [1Y/] [ Y3*+Y+1 /]+Y2\ k/b2\/ b+([*n_k*+1[Y+2(.
Z/ [\/ [*2 +(1/\/*3 )\[Y/b_* Y2 2_\ 12**/[)_/ [Y Y-/ o3[Y+)2\p[(] M\p_Yp M(Y+Y_Y/ 2b `2\/+)( [()_[)/ [(] [Y Y-/ o/][)2)+1[*
M(Y+Y_Y/ 2b 'p[Y/\+(k_\) h-2 \/[] Y-/ k22p +( a[(_1\+nY [(] a[]/m[*_[k*/ _))/Y+2(.
Authors
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
6/178
MPcexlrXcMxP
Z-[Y M [ Z2\]^ Z-[Y M /0+12*2)3^
Z-[Yw + [ ([a/^ Y-[Y h-+1- h/ 1[** [ \2/O3 [(3 2Y-/\ ([a/ h2_*] a/** [ h//Y...
sZ. N-[p/n/[\/.Roeo and!u"iet# d1Y MM, N1. Jt
c-// b[a2_ *+(/ \/b*/1Y 2(/ 2b Y-/ b_(][a/(Y[* n\2k*/a 2b
*+()_+Y+1 \//[\1-G h-[Y + +( [ ([a/, +( [ h2\]^ M Y-/\/ [(3 ]+\/1Y
12((/1Y+2( k/Yh//( [ h2\] [(] Y-/ 2kv/1Y +Y \/n\//(Y^ X2_*] [ \2/
-[m/ k//( 1[**/] k3 ?[(3 2Y-/\ ([a/? [ }_*+/Y [3^
c-// [(] +a+*[\ u_/Y+2( [\/ [(h/\/] k3 */0+12*2)+1[*
\//[\1-.$e%ico"o&'# [ k\[(1- 2b *+()_+Y+1, + Y-/ Y_]3 2b h2\].
`2\ 2a/ n/2n*/ Y_]3+() h2\] a[3 //a _(+(Y/\/Y+(). O_Y +b
Y_]+/] n\2n/\*3, +Y a[3 h/** n\2m/ v_Y [ /01+Y+() [(] (2m/* [
_(/[\Y-+() Y-/ a3Y/\+/ 2b x_Y/\ Nn[1/.MY + +)(+b+1[(Y Y-[Y a[(3 1-2*[\ -[m/ [YY/anY/] Y2 ]/b+(/ Y-/
h2\] [ [ *+()_+Y+1 n-/(2a/(2(. ~/Y (2(/ 2b Y-/ ]/b+(+Y+2( 1[( k/
12(+]/\/] Y2Y[**3 [Y+b[1Y2\3 +( [** [n/1Y. MY + /u_[**3 _\n\++()
Y-[Y, ]/n+Y/ [** Y-/ [1-+/m/a/(Y 2b a2]/\( 1+/(1/, 1/\Y[+( //(Y+[*
[n/1Y 2b Y-/ ([Y_\/ 2b Y-/ h2\] Y+** /1[n/ _. P2\ ]2 h/ b_**3
_(]/\Y[(] Y-/ n-/(2a/(2( 1[**/] ?*[()_[)/?, 2b h-+1- Y-/ h2\] + [
b_(][a/(Y[* _(+Y.
Z/ ]2 (2Y p(2h a_1- [k2_Y Y-/ 2\+)+( 2b *[()_[)/ [(],
12(/u_/(Y*3, 2b Y-/ 2\+)+( 2b h2\]. MY + Y\_/ Y-[Y Y-/\/ [\/ /m/\[*
-3n2Y-//, 2a/ 2b Y-/a (2 */ b[(Y[Y+1 Y-[( Y-/ Y-/2\3 2b Y-/
]+m+(/ 2\+)+( 2b *[()_[)/.
Z/ p(2h (2Y-+() K 2\ [*a2Y (2Y-+() K [k2_Y Y-/ a/1-[(+ak3 h-+1- [ n/[p/\w a/(Y[* n\21/ + 12(m/\Y/] +(Y2 2_(] )\2_n
1[**/] ?h2\]?, (2\ [k2_Y Y-/
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
7/178
\/m/\/ n\21/ h-/\/k3 [ *+Y/(/\w k\[+( 12(m/\Y Y-/ [12_Y+1
n-/(2a/([ +(Y2 12(1/nY [(] +]/[, Y-_ /Y[k*+-+() [ Yh2jh[3
n\21/ 2b 12aa_(+1[Y+2(.
Z/ p(2h m/\3 *+YY*/ [k2_Y Y-/ ([Y_\/ 2b \/*[Y+2( k/Yh//( Y-/
h2\] [(] Y-/ \/b/\/(Y s+. /. 2kv/1Y, n-/(2a/(2(, u_[*+Y3, [1Y+2(, /Y1.
]/(2Y/] k3 Y-/ h2\]t. Mb h/ [_a/ Y-[Y Y-/\/ + [ ]+\/1Y \/*[Y+2(k/Yh//( Y-/ h2\] [(] Y-/ \/b/\/(Y K h-+1- //a *2)+1[* K +Y )+m/
\+/ Y2 [(2Y-/\ u_/Y+2(G -2h -2_*] h/ /0n*[+( Y-/ b[1Y Y-[Y Y-/ [a/
\/b/\/(Y + ]/+)([Y/] k3 u_+Y/ ]+bb/\/(Y 2_(] )\2_n +( ]+bb/\/(Y
*[()_[)/.
Z/ do p(2h k3 (2h K Y-2_)- h+Y- m[)_/ _(1/\Y[+(Y3 K Y-[Y
Y-/\/ + (2Y-+() [11+]/(Y[* [k2_Y Y-/ m21[k_*[\3 2b Y-/ *[()_[)/EY-[Y
/[1- h2\] + [ a[** _(+Y h+Y-+( [ m[Y, /bb+1+/(Y [(] n/\b/1Y*3
k[*[(1/] 3Y/a. O_Y h/ ]2 (2Y p(2h h-3 +Y n2// Y-//
u_[*+Y+/, (2\ ]2 h/ p(2h a_1- [k2_Y Y-/ n\21// k3 h-+1- +Y -[
[1u_+\/] Y-/a.
c-/ *+Y 2b _(p(2h( 12_*] k/ /0Y/(]/], k_Y +Y + n\2k[k*3 -+)-
Y+a/ Y2 *22p [Y Y-/ k\+)-Y/\ +]/ [(] \/)+Y/\ 2a/ 2b Y-/ Y-+() h/ do
p(2h [k2_Y Y-/ ([Y_\/ 2b Y-/ h2\].
irst# h/ ]2 p(2h Y-[Y Y-/ h2\] + [ _(+Y 2b n//1- h-+1-, [ _1-,
/\m/ Y-/ n_\n2/ 2b -_a[( 12aa_(+1[Y+2(. c-_, Y-/ h2\] 1[( k/
]/b+(/] [ [ unit o counication.
*econd"'# Y-/ h2\] 1[( k/ n/\1/+m/] [ Y-/ Y2Y[* 2b Y-/ 2_(]
h-+1- 12an\+/ +Y.
+hird# Y-/ h2\], m+/h/] Y\_1Y_\[**3, n2// /m/\[*
1-[\[1Y/\+Y+1.
c-/ a2]/\( [nn\2[1- Y2 h2\] Y_]+/ + k[/] 2( ]+Y+()_+-+()
k/Yh//( Y-/ /0Y/\([* [(] Y-/ +(Y/\([* Y\_1Y_\/ 2b Y-/ h2\].
EO3 Y-/ ,oca-u"ar' 2b [ *[()_[)/ + _(]/\Y22] Y-/ Y2Y[* _a 2b+Y h2\]. d(2Y-/\ Y/\a b2\ Y-/ [a/ + Y-/stoc o /ords.
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
8/178
O3 /0Y/\([* Y\_1Y_\/ 2b Y-/ h2\] h/ a/[( +Y a2\n-2*2)+1[*
Y\_1Y_\/. `2\ /0[an*/, +( Y-/ /ord postipressionists Y-/ b2**2h+()
a2\n-/a/ 1[( k/ ]+Y+()_+-/]G Y-/ n\/b+0/ post# i# Y-/ \22Y
press# Y-/ (2_(jb2\a+() _bb+0/ ion# ist# [(] Y-/ )\[aa[Y+1[* _bb+0
2b n*_\[*+Y3 s. d** Y-// a2\n-/a/ 12(Y+Y_Y/ Y-/ /0Y/\([* Y\_1Y_\/
2b Y-/ h2\]postipressionists.c-/ /0Y/\([* Y\_1Y_\/ 2b h2\], [(] [*2 Y3n+1[* h2\]jb2\a[Y+2(
n[YY/\(, [\/ Y_]+/] +( Y-/ /1Y+2( 2( h2\]jk_+*]+() s// X-. Q, Ft.
c-/ +(Y/\([* Y\_1Y_\/ 2b Y-/ h2\], 2\ +Y eanin + (2h[][3
12aa2(*3 \/b/\\/] Y2 [ Y-/ h2\]w seantic structure. c-+ +
1/\Y[+(*3 Y-/ h2\]w a[+( [n/1Y. Z2\] 1[( /\m/ Y-/ n_\n2/ 2b
-_a[( 12aa_(+1[Y+2( 2*/*3 ]_/ Y2 Y-/+\ a/[(+(), [(] +Y + a2Y
_(b2\Y_([Y/ h-/( Y-+ b[1Y + +)(2\/] k3 2a/ 12(Y/an2\[\3 1-2*[\
h-2, +( Y-/+\ 2k/+2( h+Y- Y-/ b/Y+- 2b Y\_1Y_\/ Y/(] Y2 12(]/a( [
+\\/*/m[(Y [(3Y-+() Y-[Y /*_]/ a[Y-/a[Y+1[* [([*3+. d(] Y-+ +
/0[1Y*3 h-[Y a/[(+(), h+Y- +Y _kY*/ m[\+[Y+2( [(] -+bY, + [nY Y2
]2.
c-/ [\/[ 2b */0+12*2)3 n/1+[*++() +( Y-/ /a[(Y+1 Y_]+/ 2b Y-/
h2\] + 1[**/]seantics s// X-. D, Ht.
d(2Y-/\ Y\_1Y_\[* [n/1Y 2b Y-/ h2\] + +Y _(+Y3. c-/ h2\]
n2// k2Y- /0Y/\([* s2\ b2\a[*t _(+Y3 [(] /a[(Y+1 _(+Y3. `2\a[*
_(+Y3 2b Y-/ h2\] + 2a/Y+a/ +([11_\[Y/*3 +(Y/\n\/Y/] [
+(]+m++k+*+Y3. c-/ /0[an*/ 2bpostipressionists -[ [*\/[]3 -2h(
Y-[Y Y-/ h2\] + (2Y, Y\+1Y*3 n/[p+(), +(]+m++k*/. ~/Y, +Y 12an2(/(Y
a2\n-/a/ [\/ n/\a[(/(Y*3 *+(p/] Y2)/Y-/\ +( 2nn2+Y+2( Y2 h2\]j
)\2_n, k2Y- b\// [(] h+Y- b+0/] 12(Y/0Y, h-2/ 12an2(/(Y n2/
[ 1/\Y[+( Y\_1Y_\[* b\//]2a, /. ). -ri&ht "i&ht# to tae or &ranted s//
X-. EJt.
c-/ b2\a[* _(+Y3 2b Y-/ h2\] 1[( k/Y k/ +**_Y\[Y/] k3 12an[\+()[ h2\] [(] [ h2\]j)\2_n 12an\++()
$
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
9/178
+]/(Y+1[* 12(Y+Y_/(Y. c-/ ]+bb/\/(1/ k/Yh//( [ -"ac-ird [(] a
-"ac -ird + k/Y /0n*[+(/] k3 Y-/+\ \/*[Y+2(-+n h+Y- Y-/
)\[aa[Y+1[* 3Y/a 2b Y-/ *[()_[)/. c-/ h2\] -"ac-ird# h-+1- +
1-[\[1Y/\+/] k3 _(+Y3, n2// [ +()*/ )\[aa[Y+1[* b\[a+()G
-"ac-irds. c-/ b+\Y 12(Y+Y_/(Y -"ac + (2Y _kv/1Y Y2 [(3
)\[aa[Y+1[* 1-[()/. M( Y-/ h2\]j)\2_n [ -"ac -ird /[1- 12(Y+Y_/(Y
1[( [1u_+\/ )\[aa[Y+1[* b2\a 2b +Y 2h(G the -"acest -irds I,e e,er
seen. xY-/\ h2\] 1[( k/ +(/\Y/] k/Yh//( Y-/ 12an2(/(Y h-+1- +
+an2+k*/ 2 b[\ [ Y-/ h2\] + 12(1/\(/] [ +Y h2_*] m+2*[Y/ +Y
_(+Y3G a -"ac ni&ht -ird.
c-/ [a/ /0[an*/ a[3 k/ _/] Y2 +**_Y\[Y/ h-[Y h/ a/[( k3
/a[(Y+1 _(+Y3.
M( Y-/ h2\]j)\2_n [ -"ac -ird /[1- 2b Y-/ a/[(+()b_* h2\]
12(m/3 [ /n[\[Y/ 12(1/nYG -irdK [ p+(] 2b *+m+() 1\/[Y_\/ -"ac
K [ 12*2_\.
c-/ h2\] -"ac-ird 12(m/3 2(*3 2(/ 12(1/nYG Y-/ Y3n/ 2b k+\].
c-+ + 2(/ 2b Y-/ a[+( b/[Y_\/ 2b [(3 h2\]G +Y [*h[3 12(m/3 2(/
12(1/nY, (2 a[YY/\ -2h a[(3 12an2(/(Y a2\n-/a/ +Y a[3 -[m/ +(+Y /0Y/\([* Y\_1Y_\/.
d b_\Y-/\ Y\_1Y_\[* b/[Y_\/ 2b Y-/ h2\] + +Y _1/nY+k+*+Y3 Y2
)\[aa[Y+1[* /an*23a/(Y. M( n//1- a2Y h2\] 1[( k/ _/] +(
]+bb/\/(Y )\[aa[Y+1[* b2\a +( h-+1- Y-/+\ +(Y/\\/*[Y+2( [\/ \/[*+/].
N2 b[\ h/ -[m/ 2(*3 _(]/\*+(/] Y-/ h2\]w a[v2\ n/1_*+[\+Y+/, k_Y
Y-+ _bb+1/ Y2 12(m/3 Y-/ )/(/\[* +]/[ 2b Y-/ ]+bb+1_*Y+/ [(]
u_/Y+2( b[1/] k3 Y-/ 1-2*[\ [YY/anY+() Y2 )+m/ [ ]/Y[+*/] ]/b+(+Y+2(
2b Y-/ h2\]. c-/ ]+bb+1_*Y3 ]2/ (2Y a/\/*3 12(+Y +( Y-/
12(+]/\[k*/ (_ak/\ 2b [n/1Y Y-[Y [\/ Y2 k/ Y[p/( +(Y2 [112_(Y, k_Y,
[*2, +( Y-/ //(Y+[* _([(h/\/] u_/Y+2( 2b h2\] Y-/2\3 h-+1-
12(1/\( Y-/ ([Y_\/ 2b +Y a/[(+() s// X-. Dt.
d** Y-[Y h/ -[m/ [+] [k2_Y Y-/ h2\] 1[( k/ _aa/] _n [
b2**2h.
L
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
10/178
c-/ /ord + [ n//1- _(+Y _/] b2\ Y-/ n_\n2/ 2b -_a[(
12aa_(+1[Y+2(, a[Y/\+[**3 \/n\//(Y+() [ )\2_n 2b 2_(],
n2/+() [ a/[(+(), _1/nY+k*/ Y2 )\[aa[Y+1[* /an*23a/(Y [(]
1-[\[1Y/\+/] k3 b2\a[* [(] /a[(Y+1 _(+Y3.
The Main Lexicological Problems
ch2 2b Y-// -[m/ [*\/[]3 k//( _(]/\*+(/]. c-/ n\2k*/a 2b h2\]j
k_+*]+() + [21+[Y/] h+Y- n\/m[+*+() a2\n-2*2)+1[* h2\]jY\_1Y_\/
[(] h+Y- n\21// 2b a[p+() (/h h2\]. N/a[(Y+1 + Y-/ Y_]3 2b
a/[(+(). i2]/\( [nn\2[1-/ Y2 Y-+ n\2k*/a [\/ 1-[\[1Y/\+/] k3
Yh2 ]+bb/\/(Y */m/* 2b Y_]3Gs'nta&atic and paradi&atic.
x( Y-/ 3(Y[)a[Y+1 */m/*, Y-/ /a[(Y+1 Y\_1Y_\/ 2b Y-/ h2\] +
[([*3/] +( +Y *+(/[\ \/*[Y+2(-+n h+Y- (/+)-k2_\+() h2\] +(
12((/1Y/] n//1-. M( 2Y-/\ h2\], Y-/ /a[(Y+1 1-[\[1Y/\+Y+1 2b Y-/
h2\] [\/ 2k/\m/], ]/1\+k/] [(] Y_]+/] 2( Y-/ k[+ 2b +Y Y3n+1[*
12(Y/0Y.
x( Y-/ n[\[]+)a[Y+1 */m/*, Y-/ h2\] + Y_]+/] +( +Y \/*[Y+2(-+nh+Y- 2Y-/\ h2\] +( Y-/ m21[k_*[\3 3Y/a. N2, [ h2\] a[3 k/
Y_]+/] +( 12an[\+2( h+Y- 2Y-/\ h2\] 2b +a+*[\ a/[(+() s/. ).
/or# (. K "a-our# (. to reuse# m. K to reect m. K to dec"ine# m.t,
2b 2nn2+Y/ a/[(+() s/. ). -us'# []v. K id"e# []v. to accept# ,#K to
reect# m.t, 2b ]+bb/\/(Y Y3*+Y+1 1-[\[1Y/\+Y+1 s/. ). an# (. K chap#
(. K -"oe# (. K &u'# (.t. X2(/u_/(Y*3, Y-/ a[+( n\2k*/a 2b
n[\[]+)a[Y+1 Y_]+/ [\/ 3(2(3a3 s// X-. L, EIt, [(Y2(3a3 s//
X-. EIt, b_(1Y+2([* Y3*/ s// X-. E, Jt.
hraseo"o&' + Y-/ k\[(1- 2b */0+12*2)3 n/1+[*++() +( h2\]j
)\2_n h-+1- [\/ 1-[\[1Y/\+/] k3 Y[k+*+Y3 2b Y\_1Y_\/ [(]
Y\[(b/\\/] a/[(+(), /. ). to tae the -u"" -' the horns# to see red#
-irds o a eather# /Y1. s// X-. EJ, ECt.
EI
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
11/178
x(/ b_\Y-/\ +an2\Y[(Y 2kv/1Y+m/ 2b */0+12*2)+1[* Y_]+/ + Y-/
Y_]3 2b Y-/ m21[k_*[\3 2b [ *[()_[)/ [ [ 3Y/a. c-/ m21[k_*[\3
1[( k/ Y_]+/] 3(1-\2(+1[**3, Y-[Y +, [Y [ )+m/( Y[)/ 2b +Y
]/m/*2na/(Y, 2\ ]+[1-\2(+1[**3, Y-[Y +, +( Y-/ 12(Y/0Y 2b Y-/ n\21//
Y-\2_)- h-+1- +Y )\/h, ]/m/*2n/] [(] [1u_+\/] +Y a2]/\( b2\a s//
X-. C, ft. c-/ 2nn2+Y+2( 2b Y-/ Yh2 [nn\2[1-/ [11/nY/] +( a2]/\(
*+()_+Y+1 + (/m/\Y-/*/ ]+n_Y[k*/ [ Y-/ m21[k_*[\3, [ h/** [ Y-/
h2\] h-+1- + +Y b_(][a/(Y[* _(+Y, + (2Y 2(*3 h-[Y +Y + (2h, [Y Y-+
n[\Y+1_*[\ Y[)/ 2b Y-/ *[()_[)/w ]/m/*2na/(Y, k_Y, [*2, h-[Y +Y h[
1/(Y_\+/ [)2 [(] -[ k//( Y-\2_)-2_Y +Y -+Y2\3.
'0/\1+/
Consider o!r ans"ers #o #he follo"ing$
E. M( h-[Y h[3 1[( 2(/ [([*3/ [ h2\] [t 21+[**3, kt
*+()_+Y+1[**3^
J. Z-[Y [\/ Y-/ Y\_1Y_\[* [n/1Y 2b Y-/ h2\]^
C. Z-[Y + Y-/ /0Y/\([* Y\_1Y_\/ 2b Y-/ h2\]irresisti-"e
Z-[Y +Y-/ +(Y/\([* Y\_1Y_\/ 2b Y-+ h2\]^
f. Z-[Y + _(]/\Y22] k3 b2\a[* _(+Y3 2b [ h2\]^ Z-3 + +Y (2Y
u_+Y/ 12\\/1Y Y2 [3 Y-[Y [ h2\] + +(]+m++k*/^
Q. '0n*[+( h-3 Y-/ h2\] -"ac-oard 1[( k/ 12(+]/\/] [ _(+Y3
[(] h-3 Y-/ 12ak+([Y+2( 2b h2\] a -"ac -oard ]2/(wY n2/ _1-
[ _(+Y3.
F. Z-[Y + _(]/\Y22] k3 Y-/ /a[(Y+1 _(+Y3 2b [ h2\]^ Z-+1- 2b
Y-/ b2**2h+() n2// /a[(Y+1 _(+Y3 K a -"ue-e"" se.
:;) 2\ a -"ue -e"" se. ?@?=:;).
D. y+m/ [ k\+/b [112_(Y 2b Y-/ a[+( 1-[\[1Y/\+Y+1 2b [ h2\].
H. Z-[Y [\/ Y-/ a[+( n\2k*/a 2b */0+12*2)3
L. Z-[Y [\/ Y-/ a[+( ]+bb/\/(1/ k/Yh//( Y_]3+() h2\]3(Y[)a[Y+1[**3 [(] n[\[]+)a[Y+1[**3^
EE
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
12/178
Xgdoc'e E
Z-+1- Z2\] N-2_*] Z/ X-22/, 2\a[* 2\ M(b2\a[*
}_Y [ Y-/\/ + b2\a[* [(] +(b2\a[* ]\/, 2 Y-/\/ + b2\a[* [(]
+(b2\a[* n//1-. x(/ + (2Y _nn2/] Y2 Y_\( _n [Y [ a+(+Y/\+[*
\/1/nY+2( 2\ [Y [ 1+/(Y+b+1 3an2+_a h/[\+() [ n[+\ 2b k\+)-Y*3
12*2_\/] n3v[a[. s}/[( [\/ 1[\1/*3 _+Y[k*/ b2\ _1- 211[+2(
/+Y-/\, Y-2_)- Y-+ a[3 k/ [ a[YY/\ 2b 2n+(+2(.t X2(/u_/(Y*3, Y-/
21+[* 12(Y/0Y +( h-+1- Y-/ 12aa_(+1[Y+2( + Y[p+() n*[1/ ]/Y/\a+(/
k2Y- Y-/ a2]/ 2b ]\/ [(] Y-/ a2]/ 2b n//1-. Z-/( n*[1/] +(
]+bb/\/(Y +Y_[Y+2(, n/2n*/ +(Y+(1Y+m/*3 1-22/ ]+bb/\/(Y p+(] 2b
h2\] [(] Y\_1Y_\/ Y2 /0n\/ Y-/+\ Y-2_)-Y. c-/ _+Y[k+*+Y3 2\_(_+Y[k+*+Y3 2b [ h2\] b2\ /[1- n[\Y+1_*[\ +Y_[Y+2( ]/n/(] 2( +Y
Y3*+Y+1 1-[\[1Y/\+Y+1 2\, +( 2Y-/\ h2\], 2( Y-/ b_(1Y+2([* Y3*/ +Y
\/n\//(Y.
c-/ Y/\a unctiona" Y3*/ + )/(/\[**3 [11/nY/] +( a2]/\(
*+()_+Y+1. o\2b/2\ M. z. d\(2*] ]/b+(/ +Y [ ?[ 3Y/a 2b
/0n\/+m/ a/[( n/1_*+[\ Y2 [ n/1+b+1 n-/\/ 2b 12aa_(+1[Y+2(?.
JC
O3 Y-/ n-/\/ 2b 12aa_(+1[Y+2( h/ a/[( Y-/ 1+\1_aY[(1/
[YY/(]+() Y-/ n\21/ 2b n//1- +( /[1- n[\Y+1_*[\ 1[/G n\2b/+2([*
12aa_(+1[Y+2(, [ */1Y_\/, [( +(b2\a[* Y[*p, [ b2\a[* */YY/\, [(
+(Y+a[Y/ */YY/\, [ n//1- +( 12_\Y, /Y1.
d** Y-// 1+\1_aY[(1/ 2\ +Y_[Y+2( 1[( k/ \2_)-*3 1*[+b+/]
+(Y2 Yh2 Y3n/G b2\a[* s[ */1Y_\/, [ n//1- +( 12_\Y, [( 2bb+1+[* */YY/\,
n\2b/+2([* 12aa_(+1[Y+2(t [(] +(b2\a[* s[( +(b2\a[* Y[*p, [(
+(Y+a[Y/ */YY/\t.
EJ
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
13/178
d112\]+()*3, b_(1Y+2([* Y3*/ [\/ 1*[+b+/] +(Y2 Yh2 )\2_n, h+Y-
b_\Y-/\ _k]+m++2( ]/n/(]+() 2( ]+bb/\/(Y +Y_[Y+2(.
M(b2\a[* NY3*/
M(b2\a[* m21[k_*[\3 + _/] +( 2(/w +aa/]+[Y/ 1+\1*/G b[a+*3,\/*[Y+m/ 2\ b\+/(]. x(/ _/ +(b2\a[* h2\] h-/( [Y -2a/ 2\ h-/(
b//*+() [Y -2a/.
M(b2\a[* Y3*/ + \/*[0/], b\//j[(]j/[3, b[a+*+[\ [(]
_(n\/Y/(Y+2_. O_Y +Y -2_*] k/ n2+(Y/] 2_Y Y-[Y Y-/ +(b2\a[* Y[*p 2b
h/**j/]_1[Y/] n/2n*/ 12(+]/\[k*3 ]+bb/\ b\2a Y-[Y 2b Y-/ +**+Y/\[Y/ 2\
Y-/ /a+j/]_1[Y/] Y-/ 1-2+1/ 2b h2\] h+Y- []_*Y + ]+bb/\/(Y b\2a
Y-/ m21[k_*[\3 2b Y//([)/\ n/2n*/ *+m+() +( Y-/ n\2m+(1/ _/ 1/\Y[+(
\/)+2([* h2\] [(] /0n\/+2(. X2(/u_/(Y*3, Y-/ 1-2+1/ 2b h2\] +
]/Y/\a+(/] +( /[1- n[\Y+1_*[\ 1[/ (2Y 2(*3 k3 [( +(b2\a[* s2\ b2\a[*t
+Y_[Y+2(, k_Y [*2 k3 Y-/ n/[p/\w /]_1[Y+2([* [(] 1_*Y_\[*
k[1p)\2_(], [)/ )\2_n, [(] -+ 211_n[Y+2([* [(] \/)+2([*
1-[\[1Y/\+Y+1.M(b2\a[* h2\] [(] h2\]j)\2_n [\/ Y\[]+Y+2([**3 ]+m+]/] +(Y2
Y-\// Y3n/G co""oBuia"# s"an& [(] dia"ect /ords and /ord&roups.
X2**2u_+[* Z2\]
da2() 2Y-/\ +(b2\a[* h2\], co""oBuia"iss [\/ Y-/ */[Y
/01*_+m/G Y-/3 [\/ _/] k3 /m/\3k2]3, [(] Y-/+\ n-/\/ 2b
12aa_(+1[Y+2( + 12an[\[Y+m/*3 h+]/, [Y */[Y 2b "iterar' co""oBuia"
/ords. c-// [\/ +(b2\a[* h2\] Y-[Y [\/ _/] +( /m/\3][3
12(m/\[Y+2([* n//1- k2Y- k3 1_*Y+m[Y/] [(] _(/]_1[Y/] n/2n*/ 2b
[** [)/ )\2_n. c-/ n-/\/ 2b 12aa_(+1[Y+2( 2b *+Y/\[\3 12**2u_+[*
h2\] [*2 +(1*_]/ Y-/ n\+(Y/] n[)/, h-+1- -2h Y-[Y Y-/ Y/\a
?12**2u_+[*? + 2a/h-[Y +([11_\[Y/.
z[Y _/ 2b +(b2\a[* h2\] + 2(/ 2b Y-/ n\2a+(/(Y b/[Y_\/ 2b
JIY- 1/(Y_\3 '()*+- [(] da/\+1[( *+Y/\[Y_\/. MY + u_+Y/ ([Y_\[* Y-[Y
EC
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
14/178
+(b2\a[* h2\] [nn/[\ +( ]+[*2)_/ +( h-+1- Y-/3 \/[*+Y+1[**3 \/b*/1Y
Y-/ n//1- 2b a2]/\( n/2n*/G
?~2_w\/ [Ysoe sort o Y/1-(+1[* 12**/)/^? -/ [+] Y2 /2, (2Y
*22p+() [Y -+a ... .
?~/. M -[Y/ +Y Y-2_)-. Mwa not &ood enou&h at aths. c-/\/w [
chap Y-/\/ust do/n ro X[ak\+])/ h-2putsus throu&h +Y. M1[(wY eep up. Z/\/ 32_ )22] [Y a[Y-^?
?P2Y k[]. O_Y M +a[)+(/ 1-22* a[Y- [\/ ]+bb/\/(Y.?
?Z/**, 3/, Y-/3 [\/. M 1[(wY cope /ith Y-+stu [Y [**, +Yw Y-/
h-2*/ h[3 2b Y-+(p+() Y-[Yw k/32(] a/... M Y-+(p Mwa )2+() Y2
chuc it [(] Y[p/ a o-.
s`\2a +he +ie o the An&e"sk3 M. i_\]21-t
g2h/m/\, +( a2]/\( b+1Y+2( +(b2\a[* h2\] [\/ (2Y \/Y\+1Y/] Y2
12(m/\[Y+2( +( Y-/+\ _/, k_Y b\/u_/(Y*3 [nn/[\ +( ]/1\+nY+m/
n[[)/ [ h/**. M( Y-+ h[3 Y-/ ([\\[Y+m/ + /(]2h/] h+Y-
12(m/\[Y+2([* b/[Y_\/. c-/ [_Y-2\ 1\/[Y/ [( +(Y+a[Y/, h[\a,
+(b2\a[* [Ya2n-/\/, a//Y+() -+ \/[]/\, [ +Y h/\/, 2( Y-/ */m/* 2b [b\+/(]*3 Y[*p, /n/1+[**3 h-/( Y-/ ([\\[Y+m/ m/\)/ _n2( (2(jn/\2([*
]+\/1Y n//1-.
?`\/] g[\]3 h[ [ -ad "ot. o\/YY3 h2a/(, 1-/a+( ]/ b/\, [(]
[( _(*_1p3 nac b2\ -acin& Y-/ h\2() -2\/ -[] "anded hi in
Y-/ k[(p\_nY13 12_\Y k3 Y-/ Y+a/ -/ h[ Yh/(Y3jb+m/ ...
...Mb -/ Y-2_)-Y 2b -+ n[Y +Y h[ h+Y- 12an*[1/(13 -/ had
had a &ood tie# -/ -[] /(v23/] -+ ups and do/nsD [(] (2h,
h+Y- )22] -/[*Y- [(] [ 1*/[\ 12(1+/(1/, -/ h[ n\/n[\/] Y2 /YY*/
]2h( [ [ 12_(Y\3 )/(Y*/a[(, dan it#k\+() _n Y-/ ids [ p+]
-2_*] k/ k\2_)-Y _n [(] h-/( Y-/ o"d -uer h-2 [Y b2\ -+
Constituenc' pe&&ed out# -' Eeor&e# )2 +(Y2 o[\*+[a/(Y -+a/*b.?
s`\2aRain and Fther *hort *toriesk3 Z. N. i[_)-[at
Ef
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
15/178
g/\/ [\/ 2a/ a2\/ /0[an*/ 2b *+Y/\[\3 12**2u_+[* h2\]. a"
[(] chu [\/ 12**2u_+[* /u_+m[*/(Y 2b riendD &ir"# h-/( _/]
12**2u_+[**3, ]/(2Y/ [ h2a[( 2b [(3 [)/ -ite [(]snac Y[(] b2\
ea"D hi# he""o [\/ +(b2\a[* )\//Y+(), [(] 2 "on& [ b2\a 2b n[\Y+()
start# &o on# inish [(] -e throu&h [\/ [*2 *+Y/\[\3 12**2u_+[*+a to
ha,e a crush on soe-od' + [ 12**2u_+[* /u_+m[*/(Y 2b to -e in "o,e.
A -it (o) [(] a "ot (o) [*2 k/*2() Y2 Y-+ )\2_n.
d 12(+]/\[k*/ (_ak/\ 2b -2\Y/(+() [\/ b2_(] [a2() h2\] 2b
Y-+ Y3n/. '. ).pra# e%a# rid&e# "u# prop# Gip# o,ie.
z/\k h+Y- n2Yjn2+Y+2([* []m/\k [\/ [*2 (_a/\2_ [a2()
12**2u_+[*+aGput up# put o,er# ae up# ae out# do a/a'# turn
up# turn in# /Y1.
+Y/\[\3 12**2u_+[* h2\] [\/ Y2 k/ ]+Y+()_+-/] b\2a b[a+*+[\
12**2u_+[* [(] *2h 12**2u_+[*.
c-/ k2\]/\*+(/ k/Yh//( Y-/ *+Y/\[\3 [(] b[a+*+[\ 12**2u_+[* + (2Y
[*h[3 1*/[\*3 a[\p/]. ~/Y Y-/ 1+\1*/ 2b n/[p/\ _+() b[a+*+[\
12**2u_+[* + a2\/ *+a+Y/]G Y-// h2\] [\/ _/] a2Y*3 k3 Y-/ 32_()
[(] Y-/ /a+j/]_1[Y/]. c-+ m21[k_*[\3 )\2_n 1*2/*3 m/\)/ 2(*[() [(] -[ 2a/Y-+() 2b +Y 12[\/ b*[m2_\.
'. ). doc sb2\ doctor)# hi sb2\ ho/ do 'ou do)# tata sb2\&ood
-'e)# &oin&son sb2\ -eha,iour# __[**3 h+Y- [ (/)[Y+m/ 12((2Y[Y+2(t,
to id s-. sb2\ tease# -anter)# to pic up s-. sb2\ ae a Buic and
eas' acBuaintance)# &o on /ith 'ou sb2\ "et e a"one)# shut up sb2\
eep si"ent)# -eat it sb2\&o a/a').
2h 12**2u_+[* + ]/b+(/] k3 y. o. |\[nn [ _/ ?1-[\[1Y/\+Y+1
2b Y-/ n//1- 2b n/\2( h-2 a[3 k/ k\2[]*3 ]/1\+k/] [
_(1_*Y+m[Y/]?. CE c-+ )\2_n + Y21p/] h+Y- h2\] 2b +**+Y/\[Y/
'()*+- h-+1- ]2 (2Y n\//(Y a_1- +(Y/\/Y b2\ 2_\ n_\n2/.
c-/ n\2k*/a 2b b_(1Y+2([* Y3*/ + (2Y 2(/ 2b n_\/*3 Y-/2\/Y+1[*
+(Y/\/Y, k_Y \/n\//(Y [ n[\Y+1_*[\*3 +an2\Y[(Y [n/1Y 2b Y-/
*[()_[)/j*/[\(+() n\21/. NY_j
EQ
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
16/178
]/(Y 2b '()*+- -2_*] k/ Y[_)-Y -2h Y2 1-22/ Y3*+Y+1[**3 _+Y[k*/
h2\] b2\ /[1- n[\Y+1_*[\ n//1- +Y_[Y+2(.
N2 b[\ [ 12**2u_+[*+a [\/ 12(1/\(/], a2Y Y_]/(Yw a+Y[p/
2\+)+([Y/ b\2a Y-/ [ak+)_2_(/ 2b Y-/ Y/\a +Y/*b. N2a/ Y_]/(Y
a+_(]/\Y[(] Y-/ Y/\a ?12**2u_+[*? [(] [11/nY +Y [ [
\/12aa/(][Y+2( b2\ h+]/ _[)/ s2km+2_*3 a+Y[p+() ?12**2u_+[*?b2\ ?12(m/\[Y+2([*?t. c-+ a+12(1/nY+2( a[3 */[] Y2 a2Y
/ak[\\[+() /\\2\ _(*/ +Y + Y[p/( 1[\/ 2b +( Y-/ /[\*3 Y[)/ 2b
*[()_[)/ Y_]3.
d 22( [ Y-/ b+\Y h2\] a[\p/] ?12**2u_+[*? [nn/[\ +( Y-/
Y_]/(Yw b_(1Y+2([* m21[k_*[\3, +Y -2_*] k/ /0n*[+(/] Y2 Y-/a Y-[Y
Y-/ a[\p/\ ?12**2u_+[*? s[, +(]//], [(3 2Y-/\ Y3*+Y+1 a[\p/\t + (2Y
[ \/12aa/(][Y+2( b2\ _(*+a+Y/] _[)/ k_Y, 2( Y-/ 12(Y\[\3, a si&n o
restricted usa&e. MY + a2Y +an2\Y[(Y Y-[Y Y-/ Y/[1-/\ -2_*] 1[\/b_**3
]/1\+k/ Y-/ Y3n+1[* +Y_[Y+2( Y2 h-+1- 12**2u_+[*+a [\/ \/Y\+1Y/]
[(] h[\( Y-/ Y_]/(Y [)[+(Y _+() Y-/a _(]/\ b2\a[* 1+\1_aY[(1/
2\ +( Y-/+\ 12an2+Y+2( [(] \/n2\Y.
+Y/\[\3 12**2u_+[* h2\] -2_*] (2Y 2(*3 k/ +(1*_]/] +( Y-/Y_]/(Yw b_(1Y+2([* [(] \/12)(+Y+2( m21[k_*[\+/, k_Y [*2 n\//(Y/]
[(] ]\+**/] +( _+Y[k*/ 12(Y/0Y [(] +Y_[Y+2(, a[+(*3 +( ]+[*2)_/. MY
+ +an2\Y[(Y Y-[Y Y_]/(Y -2_*] k/ Y\[+(/] Y2 [21+[Y/ Y-// h2\]
h+Y- +(b2\a[*, \/*[0/] +Y_[Y+2(.
N*[()
i_1- -[ k//( h\+YY/( 2( Y-/ _kv/1Y 2b *[() Y-[Y +
12(Y\[]+1Y2\3 [(] [Y Y-/ [a/ Y+a/ m/\3 +(Y/\/Y+().
c-/ x0b2\] '()*+- l+1Y+2([\3 ]/b+(/ *[() [ ?*[()_[)/ 2b [
-+)-*3 12**2u_+[* Y3*/, 12(+]/\/] [ k/*2h Y-/ */m/* 2b Y[(][\]/]_1[Y/] n//1-, [(] 12(+Y+() /+Y-/\ 2b (/h h2\] 2\ 2b 1_\\/(Y
h2\] /an*23/] +( 2a/ n/1+[* /(/.? CC
EF
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
17/178
c-+ ]/b+(+Y+2( + +([]/u_[Y/ k/1[_/ +Y /u_[Y/ *[() h+Y-
12**2u_+[* Y3*/. c-/ u_[*+b+1[Y+2( ?-+)-*3? 1[( -[\]*3 /\m/ [ Y-/
1\+Y/\+2( b2\ ]+Y+()_+-+() k/Yh//( 12**2u_+[* Y3*/ [(] *[().
~/Y, Y-/ *[Y *+(/ 2b Y-/ ]/b+(+Y+2( ?1_\\/(Y h2\] +( 2a/ n/1+[*
/(/? + +an2\Y[(Y [(] h/ -[** -[m/ Y2 \/Y_\( Y2 Y-+ [ *+YY*/ *[Y/\.
g/\/ + [(2Y-/\ ]/b+(+Y+2( 2b *[() k3 Y-/ b[a2_ '()*+- h\+Y/\y. |. X-/Y/\Y2(G
?c-/ 2(/ Y\/[a 2b n2/Y\3 h-+1- +( 12(Y[(Y*3 b*2h+() + *[().
'm/\3 ][3 2a/ ([a/*/ n2/Y h/[m/ 2a/ b[+\3 Y\[1/\3 2b n2n_*[\
*[()_[)/. ...d** *[() + a/Y[n-2\, [(] [** a/Y[n-2\ + n2/Y\3. ...c-/
h2\*] 2b *[() + [ p+(] 2b Y2n3jY_\m3]2a 2b n2/Y\3, b_** 2b k*_/
a22( [(] h-+Y/ /*/n-[(Y, 2b a/( *2+() Y-/+\ -/[], [(] a/(
h-2/ Y2()_/ \_( [h[3 h+Y- Y-/a K [ h-2*/ 1-[2 2b b[+\3 Y[*/.?
EI
c-/ b+\Y Y-+() Y-[Y [YY\[1Y [YY/(Y+2( +( Y-+ /(Y-_+[Y+1 Y[Y/a/(Y
+ Y-[Y Y-/ +]+2a h-+1- Y-/ [_Y-2\ u_2Y/ -[m/ *2() +(1/ 1/[/]
k/+() [21+[Y/] h+Y- *[()G (/+Y-/\ once in a -"ue oon# (2\ the/hite e"ephant# (2\'our ton&ue has run a/a' /ith 'ou [\/ +(]+1[Y/]
[ *[() +( a2]/\( ]+1Y+2([\+/. c-+ + (2Y _\n\++(), b2\ *[()
h2\] [(] +]+2a [\/ -2\Yj*+m/] [(] m/\3 22( /+Y-/\ ]+[nn/[\ 2\
*2/ Y-/+\ n/1_*+[\ 12*2_\+() [(] k/12a/ /+Y-/\ 12**2u_+[* 2\
Y3*+Y+1[**3 (/_Y\[* */0+1[* _(+Y.
d Y2 Y-/ [_Y-2\w h2\] ?[** *[() + a/Y[n-2\?, +Y + [ Y\_/
2k/\m[Y+2(, Y-2_)- Y-/ /12(] n[\Y 2b Y-/ Y[Y/a/(Y ?[** a/Y[n-2\ +
n2/Y\3? + ]+bb+1_*Y Y2 [11/nY, /n/1+[**3 +b h/ 12(+]/\ Y-/ b2**2h+()
/0[an*/G u& sb2\ ace)# saucers# -"iners (or e'es)# trap (or
outh# e. ). Heep 'our trap shut)# do&s sb2\eet)# to "e& (it) (or to
/a").Kd** Y-// a/[(+() [\/ 1/\Y[+(*3 k[/] 2( a/Y[n-2\, 3/Y Y-/3
Y\+p/ 2(/ [ +()_*[\*3_(n2/Y+1[*.
17
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
18/178
g/(\3 O\[]*/3 h\+Y/ Y-[Y ?N*[() /Y Y-+() +( Y-/+\ n\2n/\ n*[1/
h+Y- [ a+*/. N2, Y2 1[** [ -[Y w[ *+]w [(] [ -/[] w[ (_Yw + [a_+()
k/1[_/ +Y n_Y [ -[Y [(] [ n2Yj*+] +( Y-/ [a/ 1*[?. ED d(], h/
-2_*] []], [ -/[] [(] [ (_Y +( Y-/ [a/ 1*[ Y22.
?Z+Y- [ a+*/? + Y\_/. o\2k[k*3 ?)\+(? h2_*] k/ [ a2\/ _+Y[k*/
h2\]. M(]//], [ n\2a+(/(Y *+()_+Y 2k/\m/] Y-[Y +b 12**2u_+[*+a 1[(
k/ [+] Y2 k/ h/[\+() ]\/+()j)2h( [(] *+nn/\, *[() + h/[\+() [
n/\n/Y_[* b22*+- )\+(. c-/ h2\*] 2b *[() + +(-[k+Y/] k3 2]]
1\/[Y_\/ +(]//]G (2Y k3 a/(, k_Y k3 &u's se. ;;"t [(] -"i&hters
2\ rotters h+Y- nuts b2\ -/[], u&s b2\ b[1/,"ippers b2\ -[(].
d** 2\ a2Y *[() h2\] [\/ 1_\\/(Y h2\] h-2/ a/[(+() -[m/
k//( a/Y[n-2\+1[**3 -+bY/]. '[1- *[() a/Y[n-2\ + \22Y/] +( [ v2p/,
k_Y (2Y +( [ p+(] 2\ [a_+() v2p/. c-+ + Y-/ 1\+Y/\+2( b2\
]+Y+()_+-+() *[() b\2a 12**2u_+[*+aG a2Y *[() h2\] [\/
a/Y[n-2\ [(] v21_*[\, 2bY/( h+Y- [ 12[\/, a21p+(), 13(+1[*
12*2_\+().
c-+ + 2(/ 2b Y-/ 12aa2( 2kv/1Y+2( [)[+(Y *[()G [ n/\2(
_+() [ *2Y 2b *[() //a Y2 k/ (//\+() [(] v//\+() [Y /m/\3Y-+()_(]/\ Y-/ _(. c-+ 2kv/1Y+2( + n31-2*2)+1[*. c-/\/ [\/ [*2
*+()_+Y+1 2(/.
y. g. i1|(+)-Y (2Y/ Y-[Y ?2\+)+([Y+() [ *[() /0n\/+2( 2bY/(
]2, +( [( +(/(+k+*+Y3 Y2 Y-/ a/[(+() 2b */)+Y+a[Y/ h2\], Y-/ _/ 2b
*[() 1-/1p [( [1u_++Y+2( 2b [ 12aa[(] 2m/\ \/12)(+/] a2]/ 2b
/0n\/+2( ... [(] a_Y \/_*Y +( [Y\2n-3 2b Y-/ b[1_*Y3 2b _+()
*[()_[)/?. Cf
g. Z. `2h*/\ Y[Y/ Y-[Y ?[ Y3*/ + Y-/ )\/[Y [(Y+/nY+1, 2 *[()
+ Y-/ )\/[Y 12\\_nY+() a[YY/\, +Y + n/\+-[k*/, [(] +(b/1Y h-[Y +
\2_(] +Y?. JD
i1|(+)-Y [*2 (2Y/ Y-[Y ?(2 2(/ 1[n[k*/ 2b )22] n/[p+() 2\
)22] h\+Y+() + *+p/*3 Y2 k/ -[\a/] k3 Y-/ 211[+2([* /an*23a/(Y 2b
*[(), n\2m+]/] Y-[Y -/ + 12(1+2_ 2b Y-/ b[1Y...? Cf
EH
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
19/178
c-/( h-3 ]2 n/2n*/ _/ *[()^
`2\ [ (_ak/\ 2b \/[2(. c2 k/ n+1Y_\/u_/, [\\/Y+(), Y\+p+()
[(], [k2m/ [**, ]+bb/\/(Y b\2a 2Y-/\. c2 [m2+] Y-/ Y/]+_a 2b
2_Ya2]/] -[1p(/3/] ?12aa2(? h2\]. c2 ]/a2(Y\[Y/ 2(/w
n+\+Y_[* +(]/n/(]/(1/ [(] ][\+(). c2 2_(] ?a2]/\(? [(] ?_njY2j
][Y/?.MY ]2/(wY a/[( Y-[Y [** Y-// [+a [\/ [1-+/m/] k3 _+() *[().
P2\ [\/ Y-/3 n_Y +( 2 a[(3 h2\] k3 Y-2/ _+() *[() 2( Y-/
12(1+2_ */m/*. O_Y Y-// [\/ Y-/ a[+( \/[2( b2\ _+() *[() [
/0n*[+(/] k3 a2]/\( n31-2*2)+Y [(] *+()_+Y.
c-/ 1+\1*/ 2b _/\ 2b *[() + a2\/ ([\\2h Y-[( Y-[Y 2b
12**2u_+[*+a. MY + a[+(*3 _/] k3 Y-/ 32_() [(] _(/]_1[Y/]. ~/Y,
*[()w 12*2_\b_* [(] -_a2\2_ u_[*+Y3 a[p/ +Y 1[Y1-+(), 2 Y-[Y [
12(+]/\[k*/ n[\Y 2b *[() a[3 k/12a/ [11/nY/] k3 (/[\*3 [** Y-/
)\2_n 2b n/[p/\.
%ialec# &ords
g. Z. `2h*/\ ]/b+(/ [ ]+[*/1Y [ ?[ m[\+/Y3 2b [ *[()_[)/ h-+1-
n\/m[+* +( [ ]+Y\+1Y, h+Y- *21[* n/1_*+[\+Y+/ 2b m21[k_*[\3,
n\2(_(1+[Y+2( [(] n-\[/?. EL '()*[(] + [ a[** 12_(Y\3, 3/Y +Y -[
a[(3 ]+[*/1Y h-+1- -[m/ Y-/+\ 2h( ]+Y+(1Y+m/ b/[Y_\/ s/. ). Y-/
[(1[-+\/, l2\/Y-+\/, P2\b2*p ]+[*/1Yt.
N2 ]+[*/1Y [\/ \/)+2([* b2\a 2b '()*+-. NY[(][\] '()*+- +
]/b+(/] k3 Y-/ e[(]2a g2_/ l+1Y+2([\3 [ Y-/ '()*+- *[()_[)/ [
+Y + h\+YY/( [(] n2p/( k3 *+Y/\[Y/ n/2n*/ +( k2Y- b2\a[* [(] +(b2\a[*
_[)/ [(] Y-[Y + _(+m/\[**3 1_\\/(Y h-+*/ +(12\n2\[Y+() \/)+2([*
]+bb/\/(1/. Qf
l+[*/1Y[* n/1_*+[\+Y+/, /n/1+[**3 Y-2/ 2b m21[k_*[\3, [\/
12(Y[(Y*3 k/+() +(12\n2\[Y/] +(Y2 /m/\3][3 12**2u_+[* n//1- 2\*[(). `\2a Y-// */m/* Y-/3 1[( k/ Y\[(b/\\/] +(Y2 Y-/ 12aa2(
Y21p, +. /. h2\] h-+1- [\/ (2Y Y3*+Y+1[**3 a[\p/] s// ?c-/ O[+1
z21[k_*[\3?, X-. Jt [(] [ b/h 2b Y-/a /m/( +(Y2 b2\a[* n//1-
EL
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
20/178
[(] +(Y2 Y-/ *+Y/\[\3 *[()_[)/. Car# tro""e'# tra k/)[( [ ]+[*/1Y
h2\].
d (2kk+- [YY+Y_]/ Y2 ]+[*/1Y 2( Y-/ n[\Y 2b 1/\Y[+( /]_1[Y+2([*+Y
[(] 1-2*[\ -[ k//( ]/n*2\/] k3 [ (_ak/\ 2b n\2a+(/(Y *+()_+Y.
'. o[\Y\+])/ h\+Y/G
?c-/ h\+Y/\ h2_*] k/ k/YY/\ /an*23/] +( \/v_m/([Y+() Y-/*+Y/\[\3 s[(] +(]//] Y-/ (2\a[* 1_*Y_\/]t *[()_[)/ k3 _kY+Y_Y+()
]+[*/1Y[* b\/-(/, b2\1/, n+Y-+(/, b2\ Y[(][\] /0-[_Y+2(,
b//k*/(/, *2()jh+(]/](/ Y-[( +( [YY/anY+() Y2 \/v_m/([Y/ +Y h+Y-
y[**+1+a, y/\a[(+1+a, y\/1+a [(] [Y+(+a.? CH
M( Y-/ b2**2h+() /0Y\[1Y b\2a +he Eood Copanions k3 }. O.
o\+/Y*/3, Y-/ 2_YY[(]+() '()*+- h\+Y/\ +()/(+2_*3 [(] -_a2\2_*3
\/n\2]_1/ -+ ([Y+m/ ~2\p-+\/ ]+[*/1Y. c-/ n/[p/\ [\/ ]+1_+()
[ b22Yk[** a[Y1- Y-/3 -[m/ v_Y h[Y1-/]. c-/ [_Y-2\ a[p/ _/ 2b [
(_ak/\ 2b ]+[*/1Y h2\] [(] )\[aa[Y+1[* Y\_1Y_\/ [(], [*2, _/
n/**+() Y2 12(m/3 1/\Y[+( n-2(/Y+1 b/[Y_\/ 2b ?k\2[] ~2\p-+\/?.
?wP[ }/w [+] Y-/ [1u_[+(Y[(1/, Y[p+() [( +a+Y[Y+2( 1[*[k[-n+n/ 2_Y 2b -+ a2_Y- [(] Y-/( h+(p+() a3Y/\+2_*3.
wP[ }+aw \/Y_\(/] i\. x[p\23]. c-+ wP[w h-+1- a_Y 2(1/
-[m/ k//( wP2hw, + Y-/ \/12)(+/] [*_Y[Y+2( +( O\_]]/\b2\], E
[(] Y-/ b[1Y Y-[Y +Y 2_(] a2\/ *+p/ [ h2\] 2b 1[_Y+2( Y-[( [ h2\]
2b )\//Y+() + k3 (2 a/[( _\n\++(). ~2_ -[m/ Y2 k/ 1[\/b_* +(
O\_]]/\b2\].
wZ/**,w [+] }+a, b[**+() +(Y2 Y/n, wh-[Y ]+] 32_ Y-+(p 2( w/a^w
wc-+(p 2( w/aw i\. x[p\23] a[]/ [ (_ak/\ 2b (2+/ h+Y-
-+ Y2()_/ Y2 -2h h-[Y -/ Y-2_)-Y 2b Y-/a.
E
O\_]]/\b2\], Y-/ 1/(/ 2b Y-/ /0Y\[1Y, + /[+*3 \/12)(+{[k*/ [O\[]b2\], o\+/Y*/3w k+\Y-n*[1/.
JI
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
21/178
... wd- wEE Y/** Y-[D h-[Y +Y +, }/,w [+] -+ 12an[(+2(,
n2+(Y+() Y-/ Y/a 2b -+ n+n/ [(] k/12a+() k\2[]/\ +( -+
~2\p-+\/ [ -/ )\/h a2\/ n-+*22n-+1[*. wMb Yw r(+Y/]E-[] */
k\[J Y2 *[p/Ch+w, Y-/3w] *[p/ k/YY/\ b22Yk[**.wg+ /3/ /[\1-/]
Y-/ n[Y b2\ [ a2a/(Y, *22p+() b2\ Y-/ Y/[a Y-[Y -[] */ a2(/3
[(] -[] n*[3/] k/YY/\ b22Yk[**. wc-[ 1[( \/a/ak/\ h-/( Yw 1*_k
-[] (+h/\f/Y /3/ 2( Yh2 Y-2_[(] n[-(], h-/( Yw v2k *2Y h2\
(2Y h2\Y- Yh2 Y-[-[(] n[-(], n[m+*+2( [(] [**, [(] h-[Y 2\Y 2b
b22Yk[** ]+] Y-/3 *[p/ Y-/(^ Z/ p(2h, ]2(wY h/^ c-/3 12_*] )+w
Y-//E_aa[YQh2\Y- h[Y1-+() Y-/(. P[-, +Yw [** (2hY,F*+p/ Yw [*/
[(w k[113DY-/3 [p 2 a+1-H b2\ K a2(/3 b[+\ Y-\[h( [h[3, [-
1[** +Y. Z/**, h/ a_(Lw[w h/\ Y/[ [(] )/Y 2h/\ +Y. O/-[m/ Y-+j
/(EI }/w d(] -/ Y_\(/] [h[3, b2\ Y-[Y b+([* h2\] 2b 1[_Y+2( h[
2(*3 2(/ 2b O\_]]/\b2\]w b[a+*+[\ )22]jk3/.
wd3,11\/n*+/] i\. x[p\23] ]+n+\+Y/]*3. wN2 *2(), }+aw?
1tha (thee)K Y-/ 2kv/1Y+m/ 1[/ 2b thouD 2-rassK a2(/3 Cto
"aeK Y2 n*[34
ni,,erK (/m/\Q
suatK 2a/Y-+()6
no/tK(2Y-+() 7-acc'K Y2k[112 8ichK a_1- 9;JK a_Y 10 thi
sen s th'se")K 32_\/*b 11a'(e)K 3/.
'0/\1+/
M. X2(+]/\ 32_\ [(h/\ Y2 Y-/ b2**2h+().
E. Z-[Y ]/Y/\a+(/ Y-/ 1-2+1/ 2b Y3*+Y+1[**3
a[\p/] h2\] +( /[1- n[\Y+1_*[\ +Y_[Y+2(^
J. M( h-[Y +Y_[Y+2( [\/ +(b2\a[* h2\] _/]^
C. Z-[Y [\/ Y-/ a[+( p+(] 2b +(b2\a[* h2\]^ y+m/
[ k\+/b ]/1\+nY+2( 2b /[1- )\2_n.
EKnitedK Y-/ ([a/ 2b [ b22Yk[** Y/[a.
JE
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
22/178
Y-/\ [nn\2[1-/] [ b[\a/\ h-2 h[ Y[(]+() (/[\k3 [(] [p/]G ?X[(
h/ Y[p/ Y-+ \2[] Y2 N-/bb+/*]^? c-/ b[\a/\ /3/] Y-/ 1[\ [(] +Y
12(Y/(Y 2_\*3, Y-/(G ?d3/, 32_ a_( [ h/**, 32_wm/ Y[pp/( (+)-
/m/\3Y-+() /*/ [\2_(] -/\/.?
'$ Ma(e !) a dialog!e !sing collo*!ial "ords from o!r lis#s and
from #he ex#rac#s gi+en in #he cha)#er$
[. M( Y-/ b+\Y ]+[*2)_/, Yh2 _(]/\)\[]_[Y/ [\/ ]+ 1_+() h-3
2(/ 2b Y-/a -[ k//( /0n/**/] b\2a -+ 12**/)/. sl2(wY b2\)/Y Y-[Y
32_() n/2n*/ _/ k2Y- *+Y/\[\3 [(] b[a+*+[\ 12**2u_+[* h2\].t
k. M( Y-/ /12(] ]+[*2)_/, Y-/ n[\/(Y 2b Y-/ ]+a+/] Y_]/(Y [\/
h2(]/\+() h-[Y Y2 ]2 h+Y- -+a. sx*]/\ n/2n*/, [ 32_ \/a/ak/\, [\/
[nY Y2 k/ */ +(b2\a[* +( Y-/+\ 1-2+1/ 2b h2\].t
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
23/178
Xgdoc'e J
Z-+1- Z2\] N-2_*] Z/ X-22/,
`2\a[* 2\ M(b2\a[*^
(continued)
`2\a[* NY3*/
Z/ -[m/ [*\/[]3 n2+(Y/] 2_Y Y-[Y b2\a[* Y3*/ + \/Y\+1Y/] Y2
b2\a[* +Y_[Y+2(. M( )/(/\[*, b2\a[* h2\] b[** +(Y2 Yh2 a[+( )\2_nG
h2\] [21+[Y/] h+Y- n\2b/+2([* 12aa_(+1[Y+2( [(] [ */
/01*_+m/ )\2_n 2b 2j1[**/] "earned /ords.
Learned &ords
c-// h2\] [\/ a[+(*3 [21+[Y/] h+Y- Y-/ n\+(Y/] n[)/. MY + +(
Y-+ m21[k_*[\3 Y\[Y_a Y-[Y n2/Y\3 [(] b+1Y+2( b+(] Y-/+\ a[+(
\/2_\1/.
c-/ Y/\a ?*/[\(/]? + (2Y n\/1+/ [(] ]2/ (2Y []/u_[Y/*3 ]/1\+k/
Y-/ /0[1Y 1-[\[1Y/\+Y+1 2b Y-// h2\]. d 2a/h-[Y 2_Yj2bj][Y/ Y/\a
b2\ Y-/ [a/ 1[Y/)2\3 2b h2\] + ?k22p+-?, k_Y, [ '. o[\Y\+])/
(2Y/, ?wk22pj*/[\(/]w [(] wk22p+-w [\/ (2h _(12an*+a/(Y[\3. c-/
12\\/n2(]+() 12an*+a/(Y[\+/ [\/ w/\_]+Y/w, w*/[\(/]w, w1-2*[\*3w.
wO22pj*/[\(/]w [(] wk22p+-w 12((2Y/ w+)(2\[(Y 2b *+b/w, -2h/m/\ a_1-
k22pj*/[\(+() 2(/ a[3 n2/?. CI
c-/ Y/\a ?*/[\(/]? +(1*_]/ /m/\[* -/Y/\2)/(/2_ _k]+m++2(
2b h2\]. Z/ b+(] -/\/ (_a/\2_ h2\] Y-[Y [\/ _/] +( 1+/(Y+b+1
n\2/ [(] 1[( k/ +]/(Y+b+/] k3 Y-/+\ ]\3, a[YY/\j2bjb[1Y b*[m2_\ s/. ).coprise# copi"e# e%perienta"# hetero&eneous# hoo&eneous#
conc"usi,e# di,er&ent# /Y1.t.
c2 Y-+ )\2_n [*2 k/*2() 2j1[**/] ?2bb+1+[*//? s1b. h+Y- Y-/ e.
L=MNO;PQ). c-// [\/ Y-/ h2\] 2b Y-/
JD
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
24/178
2bb+1+[*, k_\/[_1\[Y+1 *[()_[)/. '. o[\Y\+])/ +( -+ ]+1Y+2([\3 Ksa&e
and A-usa&e )+m/ [ *+Y 2b 2bb+1+[*// h-+1- -/ Y-+(p -2_*] k/
[m2+]/] +( n//1- [(] +( n\+(Y. g/\/ [\/ 2a/ h2\] b\2a o[\Y\+])/w
*+YG assist sb2\ he"p)# endea,our sb2\ tr')# proceed sb2\ &o)#
appro%iate"' sb2\ a-out)# suicient sb2\ enou&h)# attired sb2\
dressed)# inBuire sb2\ as).
M( Y-/ [a/ ]+1Y+2([\3 [( 2bb+1+[* */YY/\ b\2a [ y2m/\(a/(Y
l/n[\Ya/(Y + u_2Y/] h-+1- a[3 m/\3 h/** /\m/ [ [ Y3n+1[* /0[an*/
2b 2bb+1+[*//. MY )2/G Sou are authoriGed to acBuire the /or in
Buestion -' purchase throu&h the ordinar' trade channe"s. Z-+1-,
Y\[(*[Y/] +(Y2 n*[+( '()*+-, h2_*] +an*3 a/[(G Te ad,ise 'ou to
-u' the -oo in a shop. CH
o\2k[k*3 Y-/ a2Y +(Y/\/Y+() _k]+m++2( 2b */[\(/] h2\] +
\/n\//(Y/] k3 Y-/ h2\] b2_(] +( ]/1\+nY+m/ n[[)/ 2b b+1Y+2(.
c-// h2\], h-+1- a[3 k/ 1[**/] ?*+Y/\[\3?, [*2 -[m/ [ n[\Y+1_*[\
b*[m2_\ 2b Y-/+\ 2h(, __[**3 ]/1\+k/] [ ?\/b+(/]?. c-/3 [\/ a2Y*3
n2*33**[k+1 h2\] ]\[h( b\2a Y-/ e2a[(1/ *[()_[)/ [(], Y-2_)-
b_**3 [][nY/] Y2 Y-/ '()*+- n-2(/Y+1 3Y/a, 2a/ 2b Y-/a 12(Y+(_/Y2 2_(] +()_*[\*3 b2\/+)(. c-/3 [*2 //a Y2 \/Y[+( [( [*22b(/
[21+[Y/] h+Y- Y-/ *2bY3 12(Y/0Y +( h-+1- Y-/3 -[m/ k//( _/] b2\
1/(Y_\+/. c-/+\ m/\3 2_(] //a Y2 1\/[Y/ 12an*/0 [(] 2*/a(
[21+[Y+2(. g/\/ [\/ 2a/ /0[an*/G so"itude# sentient#
ascination# astidiousness# acetiousness# de"usion# editation#
e"icit'# e"usi,e# cordia"# i""usionar'.
c-/\/ + 2(/ b_\Y-/\ _k]+m++2( 2b */[\(/] h2\]G a2]/ 2b
n2/Y+1 ]+1Y+2(. c-// Y[(] 1*2/ Y2 Y-/ n\/m+2_ )\2_n a[(3 h2\]
b\2a h-+1-, +( b[1Y, k/*2() Y2 k2Y- Y-// 1[Y/)2\+/. ~/Y, n2/Y+1
h2\] -[m/ [ b_\Y-/\ 1-[\[1Y/\+Y+1 K [ *2bY3, -+)-jb*2h(, 2a/Y+a/
[\1-[+1, 12*2_\+()G
A"asU Y-/3 -[] k//( b\+/(] +( 32_Y- O_Y
h-+n/\+() Y2()_/ 1[( n2+2( Y\_Y-
JH
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
25/178
d(] constanc' *+m/ +( rea"s [k2m/ d(] *+b/ +
Y-2\(3 [(] 32_Y- + m[+( d(] Y2 k/ /roth h+Y- 2(/
h/ *2m/,Voth h2\p *+p/ a[](/ +( Y-/ k\[+(...?
sX2*/\+])/t
- - -
c-2_)- */[\(/] h2\] [\/ a[+(*3 [21+[Y/] h+Y- Y-/ n\+(Y/]
n[)/, Y-+ + (2Y /01*_+m/*3 2. d(3 /]_1[Y/] '()*+-jn/[p+()
+(]+m+]_[* + _\/ Y2 _/ a[(3 */[\(/] h2\] (2Y 2(*3 +( -+ b2\a[*
*/YY/\ [(] n\2b/+2([* 12aa_(+1[Y+2( k_Y [*2 +( -+ /m/\3][3
n//1-. MY + Y\_/ Y-[Y 2a/Y+a/ _1- _/ Y\+p/ [ ]/b+(+Y/*3
+(12()\_2_ (2Y/ [ +( Y-/ b2**2h+() /0Y\[1YG
?~2_ -2_*] b+(] (2 ]+bb+1_*Y3 +( 2kY[+(+() [ /1\/Y[\+[* n2Y +(
Y-/ 1+Y3.? X[\/* [+] ?2kY[+(+() [ n2Y? [(] (2Y ?)/YY+() [ v2k?. MY
h[ n[\Y 2b [ k_\/[_1\[Y+1 a[((/\ h-+1-, i_\+/* (2Y+1/], -/ p/nY
\//\m/] b2\ -/\.?
s`\2a +he +ie o the An&e"sk3 M. i_\]21-t
~/Y, )/(/\[**3 n/[p+(), /]_1[Y/] n/2n*/ +( k2Y- a2]/\( b+1Y+2(
[(] \/[* *+b/ _/ */[\(/] h2\] u_+Y/ ([Y_\[**3 [(] Y-/+\ n//1- +
1/\Y[+(*3 Y-/ \+1-/\ b2\ +Y.
x( Y-/ 2Y-/\ -[(], /01/+m/ _/ 2b */[\(/] /*/a/(Y +(
12(m/\[Y+2([* n//1- n\//(Y )\[m/ -[{[\]. rYY/\[(1/ 2m/\*2[]/]
h+Y- _1- h2\] -[m/ n\/Y/(+2( 2b ?\/b+(/a/(Y? [(] ?/*/)[(1/? k_Y
[1-+/m/ Y-/ /0[1Y 2nn2+Y/ m/\)+() 2( Y-/ [k_\] [(] \+]+1_*2_.
Z\+Y/\ _/ Y-+ n-/(2a/(2( b2\ Y3*+Y+1 n_\n2/. Z-/( [
1-[\[1Y/\ +( [ k22p 2\ +( [ n*[3 _/ Y22 a[(3 */[\(/] h2\], Y-/
2km+2_ +([nn\2n\+[Y/(/ 2b -+ n//1- +( [( +(b2\a[* +Y_[Y+2(
n\2]_1/ [ 12a+1 /bb/1Y,
Z-/( []3 O\[1p(/** +( x1[\ Z+*]/w +he Iportance o Wein&
Xarnest \/12aa/(] }[1p ?Y2 a[p/ [ ]/b+(+Y/ /bb2\Y Y2 n\2]_1/ [Y
[(3 \[Y/ 2(/ n[\/(Y, 2b /+Y-/\ /0, k/b2\/
JL
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
26/178
Y-/ /[2( + 2m/\?, Y-/ Y[Y/a/(Y + b_((3 k/1[_/ Y-/ /\+2_(/
[(] n\/1++2( 2b Y-/ *[()_[)/ //a 12a+1[**3 2_Yj2bjp//n+() h+Y-
Y-/ +(b2\a[* +Y_[Y+2(.
c-/ b2**2h+() u_2Y[Y+2( n/[p b2\ Y-/a/*m/. sc-/ ?*/[\(/]?
/*/a/(Y [\/ +Y[*+1+{/].t
yh/(]2*/( +( Y-/ [a/ n*[3 ]/1*[\+() -/\ *2m/ b2\ }[1p [3G
?c-/ Y2\3 2b 32_\ roantic ori&in [ re"ated Y2 a/ k3
a[aa[, h+Y- unp"easin& coents# -[ ([Y_\[**3 stirred Y-/
]//n/Y i-res 2b a3 ([Y_\/. ~2_\ X-\+Y+[( ([a/ -[ [(
irresisti-"e ascination. c-/ +an*+1+Y3 2b 32_\ ([Y_\/ a[p/ 32_
e%Buisite"' incoprehensi-"e Y2 a/...?
'*+{[ l22*+YY*/ +('&a"ion k3 O. N-[h /()[)+() +( Y\[]+Y+2([*
'()*+- a[** Y[*p [(h/\ Y-/ u_/Y+2( ?Z+** +Y \[+(, ]2 32_ Y-+(p^?
+( Y-/ b2**2h+() h[3G
+he sha""o/ depression +( Y-/ h/Y 2b Y-// +*[(] + *+p/*3
Y2 a2m/ *2h*3 in an easter"' direction. c-/\/ [\/ (2 indications
2b [(3 )\/[Y 1-[()/ +( the -aroetrica" situation.`\/]]+/ Z+])/2(, [ +**3 32_() a[( +( ate k3 Z2]/-2_/,
Y\3+() Y2 ]/b/(] [ h2a[( h-2a -/ Y-+(p _(]_*3 +(_*Y/], [3G
?~2_ [\/ aspersin& [ h2a[(w ([a/,? -/ [+].
?Z-[Y^?
?l2(wY attept to e,ade the issue# [+] \/]]+/...
?~2_ [\/ [n/\+() [ h2a[(w ([a/, [(] K h-[Y
a[p/ +Y h2\/ K 32_ [\/ ]2+() +Y +( [ k2h*/\j-[Y.
c[p/ 2bb Y-[Y -[Y,? [+] `\/]]+/.
g2h/m/\ [(3 _))/Y+2( Y-[Y */[\(/] h2\] [\/ _+Y[k*/ 2(*3 b2\
12a+1 n_\n2/, h2_*] k/ u_+Y/ h\2(). MY + +( Y-+ m21[k_*[\3
Y\[Y_a Y-[Y h\+Y/\ [(] n2/Y b+(] Y-/+\ a2Y m+m+] n[+(Y [(]
12*2_\, [(] (2Y 2(*3 Y-/+\ -_a2\2_ /bb/1Y.
30
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
27/178
g/\/ + [( /0Y\[1Y b\2a M\+ i_\]21- ]/1\+k+() [ suer
/m/(+()G
?... d k[Y -[] (2+/*/*3 appropriated Y-/ n[1/ k/Yh//(, [
b*+YY/\+() h/[m+() [*a2Y su-stance"ess ra&ent 2b Y-/ in,adin&
][\p. ... d 12**[\/] ]2m/ )\2[(/] 2(1/ +( Y-/ina" *+)-Y. d n+(p \2/
rec"inin& _n2( Y-/ k+) k20 -/])/&"iered h+Y- 12(Y[+(/] /*/1Y\+1"uinosit'. d k*[1pk+\], Y\3+() Y2 etaorphose +Y/*b +(Y2 [
(+)-Y+()[*/, k/)[( [ *2()passionate cop"icated 2().? s`\2a +he
*acred and roane $o,e Yachinek3 M. i_\]21-t
c-+ n+/1/ 2b a2]/\( n\2/ + \+1- +( *+Y/\[\3 h2\] h-+1-
_(]/\*+(/ +Y Y/\( [(] \//\m/] k/[_Y3. x(/ a+)-Y /m/( [3 Y-[Y +Y +
Y-/ /*/1Y+2( 2b h2\] h-+1- a[p/ Y-/ ]/1\+nY+2( h-[Y +Y +G /\+2_,
]/m2+] 2b 1-/[n /(Y+a/(Y[*+Y3 [(] 3/Y 1-[\)/] h+Y- )\[m/
b2\/k2]+() [(] Y/(/ /0n/1Y[Y+2(.
- - -
Z-[Y \2*/ ]2 */[\(/] h2\] n*[3 +( Y-/ *[()_[)/j*/[\(+() [(]
*[()_[)/jY/[1-+() n\21/^ N-2_*] Y-/3 k/ Y[_)-Y^ N-2_*] Y-/3 k/
+(1*_]/] +( Y-/ Y_]/(Yw b_(1Y+2([* [(] \/12)(+Y+2( m21[k_*[\+/^
d b[\ [ n[+m/ \/12)(+Y+2( + 12(1/\(/], Y-/ [(h/\ + 1*/[\G
h+Y-2_Y p(2h+() 2a/ */[\(/] h2\], +Y + /m/( +an2+k*/ Y2 \/[]
b+1Y+2( s(2Y Y2 a/(Y+2( 1+/(Y+b+1 [\Y+1*/t 2\ Y2 *+Y/( Y2 */1Y_\/
]/*+m/\/] +( Y-/ b2\/+)( *[()_[)/.
MY + [*2 Y\_/ Y-[Y 2a/ 2b Y-// h2\] -2_*] k/ 1[\/b_**3
/*/1Y/] [(] ?[1Y+m+/]? Y2 k/12a/ n[\Y 2b Y-/ Y_]/(Yw b_(1Y+2([*
m21[k_*[\3.
g2h/m/\, b2\ Y/[1-+() n_\n2/, Y-/3 -2_*] k/ 1-2/( h+Y- 1[\/
[(] +(Y\2]_1/] +(Y2 Y-/ Y_]/(Yw n//1- +( a2]/\[Y+2(, b2\, [ h/
-[m/ //(, Y-/ /01/+m/ _/ 2b */[\(/] h2\] a[3 */[] Y2 [k_\]+Y+/.
CE
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
28/178
,rchaic and -bsole#e &ords
c-// h2\] Y[(] 1*2/ Y2 Y-/ ?*/[\(/]? h2\], n[\Y+1_*[\*3 Y2 Y-/
a2]/ 2b n2/Y+1 ]+1Y+2(. /[\(/] h2\] [(] [\1-[+a [\/ k2Y-
[21+[Y/] h+Y- Y-/ n\+(Y/] n[)/. ~/Y, [ h/ -[m/ //(, a[(3 */[\(/]
h2\] a[3 [*2 k/ _/] +( 12(m/\[Y+2([* +Y_[Y+2(. c-+ 1[((2Y
-[nn/( h+Y- [\1-[+a, h-+1- [\/ +(m[\+[k*3 \/Y\+1Y/] Y2 Y-/ n\+(Y/]n[)/. c-// h2\] [\/ a2\+k_(], [*\/[]3 n[\Y*3 2\ b_**3 2_Y 2b
1+\1_*[Y+2(, \/v/1Y/] k3 Y-/ *+m+() *[()_[)/. c-/+\ *[Y \/b_)/ + +(
-+Y2\+1[* (2m/* sh-2/ [_Y-2\ _/ Y-/a Y2 1\/[Y/ [ n[\Y+1_*[\ n/\+2]
[Ya2n-/\/t [(], 2b 12_\/, +( n2/Y\3 h-+1- + \[Y-/\ 12(/\m[Y+m/ +(
+Y 1-2+1/ 2b h2\].
+hou [(] th'# a'e s?3/?t [(] na' s?(2?t [\/ 1/\Y[+(*3 [\1-[+1 [(]
*2() +(1/ \/v/1Y/] k3 12aa2( _[)/, 3/Y n2/Y _/ Y-/a /m/( Y2][3.
sZ/ [*2 b+(] Y-/ [a/ b2_\ h2\] [(] a[(3 2Y-/\ [\1-[+a [a2()
]+[*/1Y+a, h-+1- + u_+Y/ ([Y_\[*, [ ]+[*/1Y [\/ [*2 12(/\m[Y+m/
[(] \/Y[+( [\1-[+1 h2\] [(] Y\_1Y_\/.t
P_a/\2_ [\1-[+a 1[( k/ b2_(] +( N-[p/n/[\/, k_Y +Y -2_*]
k/ Y[p/( +(Y2 12(+]/\[Y+2( Y-[Y h-[Y [nn/[\ Y2 _ Y2][3 [ [\1-[+a
+( Y-/ h2\p 2b N-[p/n/[\/, [\/ +( b[1Y /0[an*/ 2b /m/\3][3
*[()_[)/ 2b N-[p/n/[\/w Y+a/.
c-/\/ [\/ /m/\[* _1- [\1-[+a +( z+2*[w n//1- b\2a +/e"th
Zi&ht[
?c-/\/ + [airk/-[m+2_\ +( thee# X[nY[+(, d(] Y-2_)- Y-[Y
([Y_\/ h+Y- [ -eauteous h[**Voth ot 1*2/ +( n2**_Y+2(, 3/Y 2b
Y-// M h+** k/*+/m/ thou hast [ a+(] Y-[Y _+Y Z+Y- Y-+ th' b[+\
[(] 2_Yh[\] 1-[\[1Y/\. MpritheeK [(] Mw** n[3 Y-//
-ounteous"'K X2(1/[* a/ h-[Y M [a, [(] k/ a3 [+] `2\ _1-
]+)_+/ [ hap"' -[** k/12a/ c-/ b2\a 2b a3 +(Y/(Y...?
sd1Y M, N1. Jt CJ
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
29/178
`_\Y-/\ /0[an*/ 2b [\1-[+a [\/G orn sb2\ ornin&)# e,e sb2\
e,enin&)# oon sb2\ onth)# dase" sb2\&ir")# errant sb2\ /anderin
e. ). errant ni&hts)# /Y1.
N2a/Y+a/, [( [\1-[+1 h2\] a[3 _(]/\)2 [ _]]/( \/m+m[*. N2,
Y-/ b2\a/\*3 [\1-[+1 in sb2\ re"ati,esD ones ai"') is (2h 1_\\/(Y +(
da/\+1[( _[)/.c-/ Y/\a ?[\1-[+1? [(] ?2k2*/Y/? [\/ _/] a2\/ 2\ */
+(]+1\+a+([Y/*3 k3 2a/ [_Y-2\. xY-/\ a[p/ [ ]+Y+(1Y+2( k/Yh//(
Y-/a _+() Y-/ Y/\a ?2k2*/Y/? b2\ h2\] h-+1- -[m/ 12an*/Y/*3
)2(/ 2_Y 2b _/. c-/ e[(]2a g2_/ l+1Y+2([\3 ]/b+(/ [( 2k2*/Y/
h2\] [ 2(/ ?(2 *2()/\ +( _/, /n. 2_Y 2b _/ b2\ [Y */[Y [ 1/(Y_\3?,
h-/\/[ [( [\1-[+a + \/b/\\/] Y2 [ ?1_\\/(Y +( [( /[\*+/\ Y+a/ k_Y
\[\/ +( n\//(Y _[)/?. fF
MY -2_*] k/ n2+(Y/] 2_Y Y-[Y Y-/ k2\]/\*+(/ k/Yh//( ?2k2*/Y/?
[(] ?[\1-[+1? + m[)_/ [(] _(1/\Y[+(, [(] +( a[(3 1[/ +Y + ]+bb+1_*Y
Y2 ]/1+]/ Y2 h-+1- 2b Y-/ )\2_n Y-+ 2\ Y-[Y h2\] k/*2().
c-/\/ + [ b_\Y-/\ Y/\a b2\ h2\] h-+1- [\/ (2 *2()/\ +( _/G
historiss. O3 Y-+ h/ a/[( h2\] ]/(2Y+() 2kv/1Y [(] n-/(2a/([
h-+1- [\/, Y-+() 2b Y-/ n[Y [(] (2 *2()/\ /0+Y.
Professional Terminolog
g_(]\/] 2b Y-2_[(] 2b h2\] k/*2() Y2 n/1+[* 1+/(Y+b+1,
n\2b/+2([* 2\ Y\[]/ Y/\a+(2*2)+1[* 3Y/a [(] [\/ (2Y _/] 2\ /m/(
_(]/\Y22] k3 n/2n*/ 2_Y+]/ Y-/ n[\Y+1_*[\ n/1+[*+Y3. 'm/\3 b+/*] 2b
a2]/\( [1Y+m+Y3 -[ +Y n/1+[*+/] m21[k_*[\3. c-/\/ + [ n/1+[*
a/]+1[* m21[k_*[\3, [(] +a+*[\*3 n/1+[* Y/\a+(2*2)+/ b2\
n31-2*2)3, k2Y[(3, a_+1, *+()_+Y+1, Y/[1-+() a/Y-2] [(] a[(3
2Y-/\.
+er# [ Y\[]+Y+2([**3 _(]/\Y22], + [ h2\] 2\ [ h2\]j)\2_n
h-+1- + n/1+b+1[**3 /an*23/] k3 [ n[\Y+1_*[\ k\[(1- 2b 1+/(1/,
2. / 33
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
30/178
Y/1-(2*2)3, Y\[]/ 2\ Y-/ [\Y Y2 12(m/3 [ 12(1/nY n/1_*+[\ Y2 Y-+
n[\Y+1_*[\ [1Y+m+Y3.
N2, -i"in&ua"# interdenta"# "a-ia"iGation# pa"ata"iGation# &"otta"
stop# descendin& sca"e [\/ Y/\a 2b Y-/2\/Y+1[* n-2(/Y+1.
c-/\/ [\/ /m/\[* 12(Y\2m/\+[* n\2k*/a +( Y-/ b+/*] 2b
Y/\a+(2*2)3. c-/ b+\Y + Y-/ n_{{*+() u_/Y+2( 2b h-/Y-/\ [ Y/\a*2/ +Y Y/\a+(2*2)+1[* Y[Y_ h-/( +Y 12a/ +(Y2 12aa2( _[)/.
c2][3 Y-+ + [ b\/u_/(Y 211_\\/(1/, [ m[\+2_ /*/a/(Y 2b Y-/ a/]+[
2b 12aa_(+1[Y+2( scz, \[]+2, n2n_*[\ a[)[{+(/, 1+/(1/ b+1Y+2(,
/Y1.t n*3 n/2n*/ h+Y- 1\[n 2b p(2h*/])/ b\2a ]+bb/\/(Y 1+/(Y+b+1
b+/*], Y/1-(2*2)3 [(] Y-/ [\Y. MY + u_+Y/ ([Y_\[* Y-[Y _(]/\ Y-/
1+\1_aY[(1/ (_a/\2_ Y/\a n[ +(Y2 )/(/\[* _[)/ h+Y-2_Y *2+()
12((/1Y+2( h+Y- Y-/+\ n/1+b+1 b+/*].
c-/\/ [\/ *+()_+Y +( h-2/ 2n+(+2( Y/\a [\/ 2(*3 Y-2/ h2\]
h-+1- -[m/ \/Y[+(/] Y-/+\ /01*_+m/(/ [(] [\/ (2Y p(2h( 2\
\/12)(+/] 2_Y+]/ Y-/+\ n/1+b+1 n-/\/. `\2a Y-+ n2+(Y 2b m+/h,
h2\] [21+[Y/] h+Y- Y-/ a/]+1[* n-/\/, _1- [ unit s?5"!# 88?t, theatre s?8:$?t, contact
s?" !:?t [\/ (2 *2()/\ a/]+1[* Y/\a [ Y-/3 [\/ +(
a2\/ 2\ */ 12aa2( _[)/. c-/ [a/ + 1/\Y[+(*3 Y\_/ [k2_Y ([a/
2b ]+/[/ 2\ a/]+1+(/, h+Y- Y-/ /01/nY+2( 2b 2a/ \[\/ 2\ \/1/(Y
2(/ 2(*3 p(2h( Y2 a/]+1[* a/(.
c-/\/ + 3/Y [(2Y-/\ n2+(Y 2b m+/h, [112\]+() Y2 h-+1- [(3
Y/\a+(2*2)+1[* 3Y/a + _nn2/] Y2 +(1*_]/ [** Y-/ h2\] [(] h2\]j
)\2_n 12(m/3+() 12(1/nY n/1_*+[\ Y2 [ n[\Y+1_*[\ k\[(1- 2b
p(2h*/])/, \/)[\]*/ 2b Y-/+\ /01*_+m/(/. i2]/\( \//[\1- 2b
m[\+2_ Y/\a+(2*2)+1[* 3Y/a -[ -2h( Y-[Y Y-/\/ + (2
+an/(/Y\[k*/ h[** k/Yh//( Y/\a+(2*2)3 [(] Y-/ )/(/\[* *[()_[)/
3Y/a. c2 Y-/ 12(Y\[\3, Y/\a+(2*2)+/ //a Y2 2k/3 Y-/ [a/ \_*/
[(] *[h [ 2Y-/\ m21[k_*[\3
34
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
31/178
Y\[Y[. c-/\/b2\/, /01-[()/ k/Yh//( Y/\a+(2*2)+1[* 3Y/a [(] Y-/
?12aa2(? m21[k_*[\3 + u_+Y/ (2\a[*, [(] +Y h2_*] k/ h\2() Y2
\/)[\] [ Y/\a [ 2a/Y-+() ?n/1+[*? [(] Y[(]+() [n[\Y.
ch2 2Y-/\ 12(Y\2m/\+[* n\2k*/a ]/[* h+Y- po"'se' [(]
s'non''.
d112\]+() Y2 2a/ *+()_+Y, [( ?+]/[*? Y/\a -2_*] k/onoseantic s+. /. +Y -2_*] -[m/ 2(*3 2(/ a/[(+()t. o"'seantic
Y/\a a[3 */[] Y2 a+_(]/\Y[(]+(), [(] Y-[Y + [ /\+2_
-2\Y12a+() +( n\2b/+2([* 12aa_(+1[Y+2(. c-+ \/u_+\/a/(Y //a
u_+Y/ \/[2([k*/, 3/Y b[1Y 2b Y-/ *[()_[)/ ]2 (2Y a//Y +Y. c-/\/ [\/,
+( [1Y_[* b[1Y, (_a/\2_ n2*3/a[(Y+1 Y/\a. c-/ *+()_+Y+1 Y/\a
seantics a[3 a/[( k2Y- Y-/ a/[(+() 2b [ h2\] [(] Y-/ k\[(1- 2b
*/0+12*2)3 Y_]3+() a/[(+(). M( Y-/ Y/\a+(2*2)3 2b n[+(Y+(), Y-/
Y/\a co"our a[3 ]/(2Y/ hue s?:?t [(], [Y Y-/ [a/ Y+a/,stu used
or co"ourin& s?!!?t.
c-/ [a/ + Y\_/ [k2_Y 3(2(3a3 +( Y/\a+(2*2)+1[* 3Y/a.
c-/\/ [\/ 1-2*[\ h-2 +(+Y Y-[Y Y/\a -2_*] (2Y -[m/ 3(2(3a
k/1[_/, 12(/u_/(Y*3, 1+/(Y+Y [(] 2Y-/\ n/1+[*+Y h2_*] ([a/
Y-/ [a/ 2kv/1Y [(] n-/(2a/([ +( Y-/+\ b+/*] k3 ]+bb/\/(Y Y/\a [(]
h2_*] (2Y k/ [k*/ Y2 12a/ Y2 [(3 [)\//a/(Y. c-+ a[3 k/ Y\_/. O_Y,
+( b[1Y, Y/\a ]2 n2/ 3(2(3a. M( n[+(Y+(), Y-/ [a/ Y/\a co"our
-[ /m/\[* 3(2(3a +( k2Y- +Y a/[(+()G hue# shade# tint# tin&e +(
Y-/ b+\Y a/[(+() s?:?t [(] paint# tint# d'e +( Y-/ /12(]
s?!!?t.
.asic 'ocab!lar
c-// h2\] [\/ Y3*+Y+1[**3 (/_Y\[*, [(], +( Y-+ \/n/1Y, 2nn2/]
Y2 b2\a[* [(] +(b2\a[* h2\] ]/1\+k/] [k2m/. c-/+\ Y3*+Y+1
(/_Y\[*+Y3 a[p/ +Y n2+k*/ Y2 _/ Y-/a +( [** p+(] 2b +Y_[Y+2(, k2Y-
b2\a[* [(] +(b2\a[*, +( m/\k[* [(] h\+YY/( 12aa_(+1[Y+2(.
CQ
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
32/178
X/\Y[+( 2b Y-/ Y3*+Y+1[**3 a[\p/] m21[k_*[\3 Y\[Y[ [\/, +( [ h[3,
/01*_+m/G n\2b/+2([* Y/\a+(2*2)3 + _/] a2Y*3 k3 \/n\//(Y[Y+m/
2b Y-/ n\2b/+2( ]+[*/1Y [\/ \/)+2([* *[() + b[m2_\/] a2Y*3 k3
Y-/ 32_() [(] Y-/ _(/]_1[Y/]. P2Y 2 k[+1 m21[k_*[\3. c-// h2\]
[\/ _/] /m/\3 ][3, /m/\3h-/\/ [(] k3 /m/\3k2]3, \/)[\]*/ 2b
n\2b/+2(, 211_n[Y+2(, /]_1[Y+2([* */m/*, [)/ )\2_n 2\ )/2)\[n-+1[**21[Y+2(. c-// [\/ h2\] h+Y-2_Y h-+1- (2 -_a[( 12aa_(+1[Y+2(
h2_*] k/ n2+k*/ [ Y-/3 ]/(2Y/ 2kv/1Y [(] n-/(2a/([ 2b /m/\3][3
+an2\Y[(1/ s/. ). house# -read# suer# /inter# chi"d# other# &reen#
diicu"t# to &o# to stand# /Y1.t.
c-/ k[+1 m21[k_*[\3 + Y-/ 1/(Y\[* )\2_n 2b Y-/ m21[k_*[\3, +Y
-+Y2\+1[* b2_(][Y+2( [(] *+m+() 12\/. c-[Y + h-3 h2\] 2b Y-+
Y\[Y_a -2h [ 12(+]/\[k*3 )\/[Y/\ Y[k+*+Y3 +( 12an[\+2( h+Y-
h2\] 2b Y-/ 2Y-/\ Y\[Y[, /n/1+[**3 +(b2\a[*.
O[+1 m21[k_*[\3 h2\] 1[( k/ \/12)(+/] (2Y 2(*3 k3 Y-/+\
Y3*+Y+1 (/_Y\[*+Y3 k_Y, [*2, k3 /(Y+\/ *[1p 2b 2Y-/\ 12((2Y[Y+2( s+. /.
[YY/(][(Y a/[(+()t. c-/+\ a/[(+() [\/ k\2[], )/(/\[* [(] ]+\/1Y*312(m/3 Y-/ 12(1/nY, h+Y-2_Y _nn*3+() [(3 []]+Y+2([* +(b2\a[Y+2(.
`2\ +(Y[(1/, Y-/ m/\k to /a" a/[( a/\/*3 ?Y2 a2m/ b\2a n*[1/
Y2 n*[1/ 2( b22Y? h-/\/[ +( Y-/ a/[(+() 2b +Y 3(2(3a to stride#
to stro""# to trot# to sta&&er [(] 2Y-/\, 2a/ []]+Y+2([* +(b2\a[Y+2( +
/(12]/] [ Y-/3 /[1- ]/1\+k/ [ ]+bb/\/(Y a[((/\ 2b h[*p+(), [
]+bb/\/(Y )[+Y, Y/an2, n_\n2/b_*(/ 2\ *[1p 2b n_\n2/ [(] /m/(
*/()Y- 2b n[1/ s// X-. EIt. c-_, to /a"# h+Y- +Y ]+\/1Y k\2[]
a/[(+(), + [ Y3n+1[* k[+1 m21[k_*[\3 h2\], [(] +Y 3(2(3a, h+Y-
Y-/+\ /*[k2\[Y/ []]+Y+2([* +(b2\a[Y+2( /(12]/] +( Y-/+\ a/[(+(),
k/*2() Y2 Y-/ n/\+n-/\3 2b Y-/ m21[k_*[\3.
36
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
33/178
c-/ k[+1 m21[k_*[\3 [(] Y-/ Y3*+Y+1[**3 a[\p/] Y\[Y[ 2b Y-/
m21[k_*[\3 ]2 (2Y /0+Y +(]/n/(]/(Y*3 k_Y [\/ 1*2/*3 +(Y/\\/*[Y/].
i2Y Y3*+Y+1[**3 a[\p/] h2\] -[m/ Y-/+\ (/_Y\[* 12_(Y/\n[\Y +( Y-/
k[+1 m21[k_*[\3. sc/\a [\/ [( /01/nY+2( +( Y-+ \/n/1Y.t x( Y-/
2Y-/\ -[(], 12**2u_+[*+a a[3 -[m/ Y-/+\ 12_(Y/\n[\Y [a2()
*/[\(/] h2\], a2Y *[() -[ 12_(Y/\n[\Y k2Y- [a2()12**2u_+[*+a [(] */[\(/] h2\]. d\1-[+a, ([Y_\[**3, -[m/ Y-/+\
a2]/\( /u_+m[*/(Y [Y */[Y +( 2a/ 2b Y-/ 2Y-/\ )\2_n.
c-/ Y[k*/ )+m/ 2a/ /0[an*/ 2b _1- 3(2(3a k/*2()+() Y2
]+bb/\/(Y Y3*+Y+1 Y\[Y[.
O[+1
m21[k_*[\3
M(b2\a[* `2\a[*
-e&in Y[\Y,&et started coence
continue &o on# &et on proceed
end inish# -e throu&h# -e
o,er
terinate
chi"d# -a-' id# -rat# -ea s]+[*.t inant# -a-e sn2/Y.t
M( Y/[1-+() [ b2\/+)( *[()_[)/, Y-/ k[+1 m21[k_*[\3 h2\]
12an\+/ Y-/ b+\Y [(] [k2*_Y/*3 //(Y+[* n[\Y 2b Y-/ Y_]/(Yw
b_(1Y+2([* [(] \/12)(+Y+2( m21[k_*[\+/. c-/3 12(Y+Y_Y/ Y-/
k/)+((/\w m21[k_*[\3. ~/Y, Y2 \/Y\+1Y Y-/ Y_]/(Y Y2 Y-/ k[+1
m21[k_*[\3 h2_*] a/[( Y2 ]/n\+m/ -+ n//1- 2b 12*2_\, /0n\/+m/
b2\1/ [(] /a2Y+m/ -[]/, b2\, +b k[+1 m21[k_*[\3 h2\] [\/
[k2*_Y/*3 (/1/[\3, Y-/3 [*2 ]/1+]/]*3 *[1p 2a/Y-+()G Y-/3 [\/ (2Y
[Y [** Y-/ p+(] 2b h2\] Y2 Y/anY [ h\+Y/\ 2\ [ n2/Y. d1Y_[**3, +b Y-/
*[()_[)/ -[] (2(/ 2Y-/\ k_Y k[+1 m21[k_*[\3 h2\], b+1Y+2( h2_*]
k/ -[\]*3 \/[][k*/, [(] n2/Y\3 +an*3 (2(j/0+Y/(Y.
3#
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
34/178
c-/ b2**2h+() Y[k*/ _a _n Y-/ ]/1\+nY+2( 2b Y-/ Y3*+Y+1 Y\[Y[
2b '()*+- m21[k_*[\3.
NY3*+Y+1[**3j
(/_Y\[* h2\]
NY3*+Y+1[**3ja[\p/] h2\]
M(b2\a[* `2\a[*
O[+1 m21[k_*[\3 M. X2**2u_+[*
h2\]
M. /[\(/] h2\]
d. *+Y/\[\3, d. *+Y/\[\3,
O. b[a+*+[\, O. h2\] 2b 1+/(Y+b+1
n\2/,X. *2h. X. 2bb+1+[*//,
MM. N*[() h2\]. l. a2]/ 2b n2/Y+1
]+1Y+2(.MMM. l+[*/1Y h2\]. MM. d\1-[+1 [(] 2k2*/Y/
h2\].
MMM. o\2b/+2([*
Y/\a+(2*2)3.
'0/\1+/
/$ Consider o!r ans"ers #o #he follo"ing$
E. Z-/\/ [\/ b2\a[* h2\] _/]^
J. d\/ */[\(/] h2\] _/] 2(*3 +( k22p^ Z-+1- Y3n/ 2b */[\(/]
h2\], ]2 32_ Y-+(p, + /n/1+[**3 _+Y[k*/ b2\ m/\k[* 12aa_(+1[Y+2(^
Z-+1- + */[Y _+Y[k*/ [(] /m/( _(]/+\[k*/^
C. Z-[Y [\/ Y-/ n\+(1+n[* 1-[\[1Y/\+Y+1 2b [\1-[+1 h2\]^
f. Z-[Y [\/ Y-/ 12(Y\2m/\+[* n\2k*/a 12((/1Y/] h+Y-
n\2b/+2([* Y/\a+(2*2)3^Q. l2 32_ Y-+(p Y-[Y Y_]/(Y 2b '()*+- -2_*] */[\( Y/\a^ Mb 2,
b2\ h-+1- k\[(1- 2\ k\[(1-/ 2b p(2h*/])/^
F. Z-[Y + _(]/\Y22] k3 Y-/ k[+1 m21[k_*[\3^
D. Z-+1- 1*[/ 2b Y3*+Y+1[**3 a[\p/] h2\], +( 32_\ 2n+(+2(,
-2_*] k/ +(1*_]/] +( Y-/ Y_]/(Yw b_(1Y+2([* [(]
38
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
35/178
\/12)(+Y+2( m21[k_*[\+/ +( Et v_(+2\ [(] Jt /(+2\ 1-22*
m21[k_*[\+/^
MM. a$ The i#alicied "ords and "ordgro!)s in #he follo"ingex#rac#s belong #o formal s#le$ %escribe #he s#lis#ic )ec!liari#ies
of each ex#rac# in general and sa "he#her #he i#alicied
re)resen#s learned "ords #erms or archa+a. Loo( !)!nfamiliar "ords in #he dic#ionar$
in re1i+ '\(/Y+([ \//a[(
Z/ [\/ instructed k3 i\. '\(/Y `\//a[(, b[Y-/\ 2b Y-/ a-o,e
entioned i+ '\(/Y+([ `\//a[(, Y2 reBuest 32_ Y2 attend [Y Y-//
cha-ers [Y C 2w1*21p Y-+ 12a+() `\+][3. ~2_\ b[+*_\/ Y2 [YY/(] h+**
k/ \/)[\]/] [ [( [1p(2h*/])/a/(Y 2b 2_\ 1*+/(Yw \+)-Y to proceed.
s`\2a +he rench $ieutenants Toank3 }. `2h*/
J. ?M -[m/, h+Y- esteeed []m+1/ ...? i\. d_k\/3
k2h/] k\+/b*3 Y2h[\] Y-/ /\)/[(Y, ... ?... n\/n[\/] anadission o &ui"t. M -2_*] instruct 32_ Y-[Y
i\. `\//a[(w ]/1++2( (2Y Y2 n\21//] +aa/]+[Y/*3 +
a2Y Y\+1Y*3 contin&ent _n2( 32_\ 1*+/(Yw +)(+(), 2(
Y-+ 211[+2( [(] +( 2_\ n\//(1/, [(] h+Y(//] -' a""
present# Y-+ ]21_a/(Y.?
sMk+].
C. e 2 a / 2 ... N2 -2h [ (2h3 ]2m/ Y\22n+() h+Y-
1\2h,
d'onder *[]3 2w/\ -/\ b/**2h -2h. c-/ easure2]2(/, Mw**
h[Y1- -/\ n*[1/ 2b Y[(], d(], Y2_1-+() -/\, a[p/ k*//] a3
\_]/ -[(]. l+] a3 -/[\Y *2m/ Y+** (2h^ors/ear +Y, +)-Y `2\M (/w/\ [h Y\_/ k/[_Y3 Y+** Y-+ (+)-Y.
E r_[**3 +( a2]/\( 12\\/n2(]/(1/ 32_ h+** b+(] Y-/ b2\are \+G h+Y-2_Y Y-/ +(.
J easure s-/\/t K ][(1/.
CL
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
36/178
Xgdoc'e C
c-/ 'Y3a2*2)3 2b '()*+- Z2\].E
d\/ d** '()*+- Z2\]
e/[**3 '()*+-^
d [ a[YY/\ 2b b[1Y, Y-/3 [\/ K +b h/ \/)[\] Y-/a +( Y-/ *+)-Y 2b
n\//(Yj][3 '()*+-. Mb, -2h/m/\, Y-/+\ 2\+)+( [\/ *22p/] +(Y2, Y-/
n+1Y_\/ a[3 //a 2a/h-[Y k/h+*]/\+(). d n/\2( h-2 ]2/ (2Y
p(2h '()*+- k_Y p(2h `\/(1- sMY[*+[(, [Y+(, Nn[(+-t + 1/\Y[+( Y2
\/12)(+/ [ )\/[Y (_ak/\ 2b b[a+*+[\j*22p+() h2\] h-/( p+nn+()
Y-\2_)- [( '()*+- k22p.
MY + Y\_/ Y-[Y '()*+- m21[k_*[\3, h-+1- + 2(/ 2b Y-/ a2Y
/0Y/(+m/ [a2()Y Y-/ h2\*]w *[()_[)/ 12(Y[+( [( +aa/(/
(_ak/\ 2b h2\] 2b b2\/+)( 2\+)+(. '0n*[([Y+2( b2\ Y-+ -2_*] k/
2_)-Y +( Y-/ -+Y2\3 2b Y-/ *[()_[)/ h-+1- + 1*2/*3 12((/1Y/] h+Y-
Y-/ -+Y2\3 2b Y-/ ([Y+2( n/[p+() Y-/ *[()_[)/. M( 2\]/\ Y2 -[m/ [
k/YY/\ _(]/\Y[(]+() 2b Y-/ n\2k*/a, +Y h+** k/ (/1/[\3 Y2 )2
Y-\2_)- [ k\+/b _\m/3 2b 1/\Y[+( -+Y2\+1[* b[1Y, \/*[Y+() Y2 ]+bb/\/(Y
/n21-.
- - -
+he irst centur' \. . i2Y 2b Y-/ Y/\\+Y2\3 (2h, p(2h( Y2 _ [
'_\2n/ + 211_n+/] k3 Y-/ e2a[( 'an+\/. da2() Y-/ +(-[k+Y[(Y 2b
Y-/ 12(Y+(/(Y [\/ y/\a[(+1 Y\+k/, ?k[\k[\+[(? [ Y-/ [\\2)[(Ye2a[( 1[** Y-/a. c-/+\ + \/[**3 [ \[Y-/\ n\+a+Y+m/ Y[)/ 2b
]/m/*2na/(Y, /n/1+[**3 +b 12an[\/] h+Y- Y-/ -+)- 1+m+*+[Y+2( [(]
\/b+(/a/(Y 2b e2a/. c-/3 [\/ n\+a+Y+m/ 1[YY*/j
O3 et'o"o&' 2b h2\] + _(]/\Y22] Y-/+\ 2\+)+(.
ff
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
37/178
k\//]/\ [(] p(2h [*a2Y (2Y-+() [k2_Y *[(] 1_*Y+m[Y+2(. c-/+\ Y\+k[*
*[()_[)/ 12(Y[+( 2(*3 M(]2j'_\2n/[( [(] y/\a[(+1 /*/a/(Y. c-/
*[YY/\ b[1Y + 2b 2a/ +an2\Y[(1/ b2\ Y-/ n_\n2/ 2b 2_\ _\m/3.
P2h 12a/ [( /m/(Y h-+1- k\+() [( +an2\Y[(Y 1-[()/. dbY/\ [
(_ak/\ 2b h[\ k/Yh//( Y-/ y/\a[(+1 Y\+k/ [(] Y-/ e2a[( Y-//
Yh2 2nn2+() n/2n*/ 12a/ +(Y2 n/[1/b_* 12(Y[1Y. c\[]/ + 1[\\+/] 2(,[(] Y-/ y/\a[(+1 n/2n*/ )[+( p(2h*/])/ 2b (/h [(] _/b_* Y-+().
c-/ b+\Y [a2() Y-/a [\/ (/h Y-+() Y2 /[Y. MY -[ k//( a/(Y+2(/]
Y-[Y y/\a[(+1 1[YY*/jk\//]+() h[ 2( [ n\+a+Y+m/ 1[*/. MY 2(*3
n\2]_1Y p(2h( Y2 Y-/ y/\a[(+1 Y\+k/ h/\/ a/[Y [(] a+*p. MY + b\2a
Y-/ e2a[( Y-[Y Y-/3 */[\( -2h Y2 a[p/ k_YY/\ [(] 1-/// [(], [
Y-/\/ [\/ ([Y_\[**3 (2 h2\] b2\ Y-// b22]Y_bb +( Y-/+\ Y\+k[*
*[()_[)/, Y-/3 [\/ Y2 _/ Y-/ [Y+( h2\] Y2 ([a/ Y-/a s[Y.
-ut'ru# caseus). MY + [*2 Y2 Y-/ e2a[( Y-[Y Y-/ y/\a[(+1 Y\+k/
2h/ Y-/ p(2h*/])/ 2b 2a/ (/h b\_+Y [(] m/)/Y[k*/ 2b h-+1- Y-/3
-[] (2 +]/[ k/b2\/, [(] Y-/ [Y+( ([a/ 2b Y-// b\_+Y [(] m/)/Y[k*/
/(Y/\ Y-/+\ m21[k_*[\+/ \/b*/1Y+() Y-+ (/h p(2h*/])/G cherr' s[Y.
cerasu)# pear s[Y. piru)# p"u s[Y. prunus)# pea s[Y. pisu)#-eet s[Y. -eta)# pepper s[Y.piper). MY + +(Y/\/Y+() Y2 (2Y/ Y-[Y Y-/
h2\]p"ant + [*2 [ [Y+( k2\\2h+()E2b Y-+ n/\+2] s[Y.p"anta).
g/\/ [\/ 2a/ a2\/ /0[an*/ 2b [Y+( k2\\2h+() 2b Y-+ n/\+2]G
cup s[Y. cuppa)# itchen s[Y. coBuina)# i"" s[Y. o"ina)# port
s[Y.portus)# /ine s[Y. ,inu).
c-/ b[1Y Y-[Y [** Y-// k2\\2h+() 211_\\/] + +( +Y/*b +)(+b+1[(Y.
MY h[ 1/\Y[+(*3 +an2\Y[(Y Y-[Y Y-/ y/\a[(+1 Y\+k[* *[()_[)/ )[+(/] [
12(+]/\[k*/ (_ak/\ 2b (/h h2\] [(] h/\/ Y-_ /(\+1-/]. Z-[Y
h[
EO3 [ -orro/in& 2\ "oan/ord h/ a/[( [ h2\] h-+1- 1[a/ +(Y2
Y-/ m21[k_*[\3 2b 2(/ *[()_[)/ b\2a [(2Y-/\ [(] h[ [+a+*[Y/] k3Y-/ (/h *[()_[)/. s`2\ a2\/ [k2_Y Y-/ [+a+*[Y+2( 2b k2\\2h+()// X-. f.t
fQ
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
38/178
/m/( a2\/ +)(+b+1[(Y h[ Y-[Y [** Y-// [Y+( h2\] h/\/ ]/Y+(/] Y2
k/12a/ Y-/ /[\*+/Y )\2_n 2b k2\\2h+() +( Y-/ b_Y_\/ '()*+-
*[()_[)/ h-+1- h[ K a_1- *[Y/\ K k_+*Y 2( Y-/ k[+ 2b Y-/
y/\a[(+1 Y\+k[* *[()_[)/. Z-+1- k\+() _ Y2 [(2Y-/\ /n21-, a_1-
1*2/\ Y2 Y-/ '()*+- *[()_[)/ [ h/ p(2h +Y, k2Y- +( )/2)\[n-+1[*
[(] 1-\2(2*2)+1[* Y/\a.
+he ith centur' A. V. N/m/\[* 2b Y-/ y/\a[(+1 Y\+k/ sY-/ a2Y
(_a/\2_ [a2()Y Y-/a k/+() Y-/ d()*/, Y-/ N[02( [(] Y-/ }_Y/t
a+)\[Y/] [1\2 Y-/ /[ (2h p(2h( [ Y-/ '()*+- X-[((/* Y2 Y-/
O\+Y+- M*/. c-/\/ Y-/3 h/\/ 12(b\2(Y/] k3 Y-/ X/*Y, Y-/ 2\+)+([*
+(-[k+Y[(Y 2b Y-/ M*/. c-/ X/*Y ]/n/\[Y/*3 ]/b/(]/] Y-/+\ *[(]
[)[+(Y Y-/ +(m[]/\, k_Y Y-/3 h/\/ (2 a[Y1- b2\ Y-/ a+*+Y[\3ja+(]/]
c/_Y2( [(] )\[]_[**3 3+/*]/] a2Y 2b Y-/+\ Y/\\+Y2\3. c-/3 \/Y\/[Y/]
Y2 Y-/ P2\Y- [(] N2_Y-jZ/Y sa2]/\( N12Y*[(], Z[*/ [(]
X2\(h[**t. c-\2_)- Y-/+\ (_a/\2_ 12(Y[1Y h+Y- Y-/ ]/b/[Y/] X/*Y,
Y-/ 12(u_/\2\ )2Y Y2 p(2h [(] [+a+*[Y/] [ (_ak/\ 2b X/*Y+1 h2\]
si2]. '. -a"d# do/n# &"en# druid# -ard# crad"e). 'n/1+[**3 (_a/\2_
[a2() Y-/ X/*Y+1 k2\\2h+() h/\/ n*[1/ ([a/, ([a/ 2b \+m/\,
k+**, /Y1. c-/ y/\a[(+1 Y\+k/ 211_n+/] Y-/ *[(], k_Y Y-/ ([a/ 2b
a[(3 n[\Y [(] b/[Y_\/ 2b Y-/+\ Y/\\+Y2\3 \/a[+(/] X/*Y+1. `2\
+(Y[(1/, Y-/ ([a/ 2b Y-/ \+m/\ dm2(, '0/, 'p, rp, r0 2\+)+([Y/
b\2a X/*Y+1 h2\] a/[(+() ?\+m/\? [(] ?h[Y/\?.
M\2(+1[**3, /m/( Y-/ ([a/ 2b Y-/ '()*+- 1[n+Y[* 2\+)+([Y/ b\2a
X/*Y+1$"'n ] dun +( h-+1- ""'n + [(2Y-/\ X/*Y+1 h2\] b2\ ?\+m/\? [(]
dun Y[(] b2\ ?[ b2\Y+b+/] -+**?, Y-/ a/[(+() 2b Y-/ h-2*/ k/+()
?b2\Y\/ 2( Y-/ -+** 2m/\ Y-/ \+m/\?.
N2a/ [Y+( h2\] /(Y/\/] Y-/ d()*2jN[02( *[()_[)/ Y-\2_)-
X/*Y+1, [a2() Y-/a _1- h+]/*3j_/] h2\] [ street s[Y. strata
,ia) [(] /a"" s[Y. ,a""u).
46
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
39/178
+he se,enth centur' A. V. c-+ 1/(Y_\3 h[ +)(+b+1[(Y b2\ Y-/
1-\+Y+[(+[Y+2( 2b '()*[(]. [Y+( h[ Y-/ 2bb+1+[* *[()_[)/ 2b Y-/
X-\+Y+[( 1-_\1-, [(] 12(/u_/(Y*3 Y-/ n\/[] 2b X-\+Y+[(+Y3 h[
[112an[(+/] k3 [ (/h n/\+2] 2b [Y+( k2\\2h+(). c-// (2 *2()/\
1[a/ b\2a n2p/( [Y+( [ Y-/3 ]+] /+)-Y 1/(Y_\+/ /[\*+/\, k_Y b\2a
1-_\1- [Y+(. d*2, Y-// (/h [Y+( k2\\2h+() h/\/ m/\3 ]+bb/\/(Y
+( a/[(+() b\2a Y-/ /[\*+/\ 2(/. c-/3 a2Y*3 +(]+1[Y/] n/\2(,
2kv/1Y [(] +]/[ [21+[Y/] h+Y- 1-_\1- [(] \/*+)+2_ \+Y_[*. '. ).
priest ($ai. pres-'ter)# -ishop ($ai. episcopus)# on s[Y.
onachus)# nun ($ai. nonna)# cand"e ($ai. cande"a).
d]]+Y+2([**3, +( [ 1*[ 2b Y-/+\ 2h( h/\/ /]_1[Y+2([* Y/\a. MY
h[ u_+Y/ ([Y_\[* Y-[Y Y-// h/\/ [*2 [Y+( k2\\2h+(), b2\ Y-/ b+\Y
1-22* +( '()*[(] h/\/ 1-_\1- 1-22*, [(] Y-/ b+\Y Y/[1-/\ n\+/Y
[(] a2(p. N2, Y-/ m/\3 h2\] schoo" + [ [Y+( k2\\2h+() s[Y.
scho"a# 2b y\//p 2\+)+(t [(] 2 [\/ _1- h2\] as scho"ar ($ai.
scho"ar(is) [(] a&ister s[Y. a&ister).
ro the end o the 8th c. to the idd"e o the 11th c. '()*[(]_(]/\h/(Y /m/\[* N1[(]+([m+[( +(m[+2( h-+1- +(/m+Y[k*3 */bY Y-/+\
Y\[1/ 2( '()*+- m21[k_*[\3. g/\/ [\/ 2a/ /0[an*/ 2b /[\*3
N1[(]+([m+[( k2\\2h+()G ca""# m., tae# m., cast# m., die# m., "a/# 8.,
hus-and# (. s N1. hus ] -ondi# +. /. ?+(-[k+Y[(Y 2b Y-/ -2_/?t,
/indo/ (. s N1. ,indau&a# +. /. ?Y-/ /3/ 2b Y-/ h+(]?t, i""# []v., "oose#
[]v., "o/# []v., /ea# []v.
N2a/ 2b Y-/ h2\] 2b Y-+ )\2_n [\/ /[+*3 \/12)(+[k*/ [
N1[(]+([m+[( k2\\2h+() k3 Y-/ +(+Y+[* s 12ak+([Y+2(. '. ). s'#
si""# sin# si# sirt.
X/\Y[+( '()*+- h2\] 1-[()/] Y-/+\ a/[(+() _(]/\ Y-/
+(b*_/(1/ 2b N1[(]+([m+[( h2\] 2b Y-/ [a/ \22Y. N2, Y-/ x. '.
-read h-+1- a/[(Y ?n+/1/? [1u_+\/] +Y a2]/\( a/[(+() k3
[21+[Y+2( h+Y- Y-/ N1[(]+([m+[( -rand.
1#
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
40/178
c-/ . . drea h-+1- a/[(Y ?v23? [+a+*[Y/] Y-/ a/[(+() 2b Y-/
N1[(]+([m+[( draur(c. h+Y- Y-/ y/\a. +rau ?]\/[a? [(] Y-/ e.
^O_QL).
1066. Z+Y- Y-/ b[a2_ O[YY*/ 2b g[Y+(), h-/( Y-/ '()*+- h/\/
]/b/[Y/] k3 Y-/ P2\a[( _(]/\ Z+**+[a Y-/ X2(u_/\2\, h/ 12a/ Y2Y-/ /m/(Yb_* /n21- 2b Y-/ P2\a[( X2(u_/Y. c-/ /n21- 1[( h/** k/
1[**/] /m/(Yb_* (2Y 2(*3 +( ([Y+2([*, 21+[*, n2*+Y+1[* [(] -_a[( Y/\a,
k_Y [*2 +( *+()_+Y+1 Y/\a. '()*[(] k/1[a/ [ k+j*+()_[* 12_(Y\3, [(]
Y-/ +an[1Y 2( Y-/ '()*+- m21[k_*[\3 a[]/ 2m/\ Y-+ Yh2j-_(]\/]j
3/[\ n/\+2] + +aa/(/G `\/(1- h2\] b\2a Y-/ P2\a[( ]+[*/1Y
n/(/Y\[Y/] /m/\3 [n/1Y 2b 21+[* *+b/. g/\/ + [ m/\3 k\+/b *+Y 2b
/0[an*/ 2bZoran rench -orro/in&s.
d]a+(+Y\[Y+m/ h2\]G state# &o,ernent# par"iaent# counci"#
po/er.
/)[* Y/\aG court# ud&e# ustice# crie# prison.
i+*+Y[\3 Y/\aG ar'# /ar# so"dier# oicer# -att"e# ene'.
']_1[Y+2([* Y/\aGpupi"# "esson# "i-rar'# science# pen# penci".'m/\3][3 *+b/ h[ (2Y _([bb/1Y/] k3 Y-/ n2h/\b_* +(b*_/(1/ 2b
`\/(1- h2\]. P_a/\2_ Y/\a 2b /m/\3][3 *+b/ h/\/ [*2 k2\\2h/]
b\2a `\/(1- +( Y-+ n/\+2]G /. ). ta-"e# p"ate# saucer# dinner# supper#
ri,er# autun# unc"e# /Y1.
c-/Renaissance eriod. M( '()*[(], [ +( [** '_\2n/[( 12_(Y\+/,
Y-+ n/\+2] h[ a[\p/] k3 +)(+b+1[(Y ]/m/*2na/(Y +( 1+/(1/, [\Y
[(] 1_*Y_\/ [(], [*2, k3 [ \/m+m[* 2b +(Y/\/Y +( Y-/ [(1+/(Y
1+m+*+[Y+2( 2b y\//1/ [(] e2a/ [(] Y-/+\ *[()_[)/. g/(1/, Y-/\/
211_\\/] [ 12(+]/\[k*/ (_ak/\ 2b [Y+( [(] y\//p k2\\2h+(). M(
12(Y\[Y Y2 Y-/ /[\*+/Y [Y+( k2\\2h+() sEY . . .t, Y-/
e/([+[(1/ 2(/ h/\/ \[\/*3 12(1\/Y/ ([a/. c-/3 h/\/ a2Y*3
[kY\[1Y h2\] s/. ). aor# inor# i"ia"#
1$
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
41/178
oderate# inte""i&ent# peranent# to e"ect# to create). c-/\/ h/\/
([Y_\[**3 (_a/\2_ 1+/(Y+b+1 [(] [\Y+Y+1 Y/\a (datu# status#
phenoenon# phi"osoph'# ethod# usic).1c-/ [a/ + Y\_/ 2b y\//p
e/([+[(1/ k2\\2h+() s/. ). ato# c'c"e# ethics# esthete).
c-/ e/([+[(1/ h[ [ n/\+2] 2b /0Y/(+m/ 1_*Y_\[* 12(Y[1Y
k/Yh//( Y-/ a[v2\ '_\2n/[( Y[Y/. c-/\/b2\/, +Y h[ 2(*3 ([Y_\[* Y-[Y
(/h h2\] [*2 /(Y/\/] Y-/ '()*+- m21[k_*[\3 b\2a 2Y-/\ '_\2n/[(
*[()_[)/. c-/ a2Y +)(+b+1[(Y 2(1/ a2\/ h/\/ `\/(1- k2\\2h+().
c-+ Y+a/ Y-/3 1[a/ b\2a Y-/ o[\++[( ]+[*/1Y 2b `\/(1- [(] [\/
p(2h( [ arisian -orro/in&s. '0[an*/G re&ie# routine# po"ice#
achine# -a""et# atinee# scene# techniBue# -our&eois# /Y1. sx(/
-2_*] (2Y/ Y-[Y Y-// h2\] 2b `\/(1- 2\+)+( 2_(] [(] ?*22p? m/\3
]+bb/\/(Y b\2a Y-/+\ P2\a[( n\/]/1/2\. Z/ -[** \/Y_\( Y2 Y-+
u_/Y+2( *[Y/\ s// X-. ft.t
MY[*+[( [*2 12(Y\+k_Y/] [ 12(+]/\[k*/ (_ak/\ 2b h2\] Y2
'()*+-, /. ).piano# ,io"in# opera# a"ar# co"one".
- - -
c-/\/ [\/ 1/\Y[+( Y\_1Y_\[* b/[Y_\/ h-+1- /([k*/ _ Y2 +]/(Y+b3
2a/ h2\] [ k2\\2h+() [(] /m/( Y2 ]/Y/\a+(/ Y-/ 2_\1/
*[()_[)/. Z/ -[m/ [*\/[]3 /Y[k*+-/] Y-[Y Y-/ +(+Y+[* s __[**3
+(]+1[Y/ N1[(]+([m+[( 2\+)+(. ~2_ 1[( [*2 \/12)(+/ h2\] 2b [Y+(
[(] `\/(1- 2\+)+( k3 1/\Y[+( _bb+0/, n\/b+0/ 2\ /(]+(). c-/ Yh2
Y[k*/ k/*2h h+** -/*n 32_ +( Y-+.
c-/ -+Y2\+1[* _\m/3 [k2m/ + b[\ b\2a 12an*/Y/. MY [+a + v_Y Y2
)+m/ [ m/\3 )/(/\[* +]/[ 2b Y-/ h[3 +( h-+1- '()*+- m21[k_*[\3
]/m/*2n/] [(] 2b Y-/ a[v2\ /m/(Y Y-\2_)- h-+1- +Y [1u_+\/] +Y m[Y
a2]/\( \/2_\1/.
E
henoenon# phi"osoph'# ethod# usic# /Y1. h/\/ k2\\2h/]+(Y2 '()*+- b\2a [Y+( [(] -[] /[\*+/\ 12a/ +(Y2 [Y+( b\2a y\//p.
fL
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
42/178
/$ La#in ,ffixes
P2_(,
c-/ _bb+0 ion counion# "e&ion# opinion#
session# union# /Y1.
c-/ _bb+0 tion re"ation# re,o"ution#
star,ation# teptation#uniication# /Y1.
z/\k
c-/ _bb+0 ate /+Y appreciate# create#
con&ratu"ate# /Y1.
c-/ _bb+0 ute v_GY attri-ute# contri-ute#
constitute# distri-ute# /Y1.
c-/ \/a([(Y _bb+0 ct act# conduct# co""ect# connect#
/Y1.
c-/ \/a([(Y _bb+0 d(e) app"aud# di,ide# e%c"ude#
inc"ude# /Y1.
c-/ n\/b+0 dis disa-"e# distract# diso/n#
disa&ree# /Y1.
d]v/1Y+m/,
c-/ _bb+0 a-"e detesta-"e# cura-"e# /Y1.
c-/ _bb+0 ate +Y accurate# desperate#
&raduate# /Y1.
c-/ _bb+0 ant arro&ant# constant#
iportant# /Y1.
c-/ _bb+0 j/(Y a-sent# con,enient#
decent# e,ident# /Y1.
c-/ _bb+0 or aor# inor# unior#
senior# /Y1.
c-/ _bb+0 j[* cordia"# ina"# raterna"#
aterna"# /Y1.
c-/ _bb+0 ar "unar# so"ar# ai"iar# /Y1.
50
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
43/178
3$ 4rench ,ffixes
P2_(
c-/ _bb+0 0ance
arro&ance# endurance# hindrance#
/Y1.
c-/ _bb+0 0ence conseBuence# inte""i&ence# patience# /Y1.
c-/ _bb+0 0ent appointent# de,e"opent#
e%perient# /Y1.
c-/ _bb+0 0a&e coura&e# arria&e# passa&e# ,i ""a&e#
/Y1.
c-/ _bb+0 0ess ti&ress# "ioness# actress# ad,enturess#
/Y1.
d]v/1Y+m/ c-/ _bb+0 j2_ curious# dan&erous# 3o'ous# serious# /Y1.
z/\k c-/ n\/b+0 en0 ena-"e# endear# enact# eno"d#
ens"a,e# /Y1.
Zotes. E. c-/ Y[k*/ \/n\//(Y 2(*3 Y-/ a2Y Y3n+1[* [(] b\/u_/(Y Y\_1Y_\[* /*/a/(Y 2b
[Y+( [(] `\/(1- k2\\2h+().
J. c-2_)- [** Y-/ [bb+0/ \/n\//(Y/] +( Y-/ Y[k*/ [\/
[Y+( 2\ `\/(1- k2\\2h+(), 2a/ 2b Y-/ /0[an*/ )+m/( +(
Y-/ Y-+\] 12*_a( [\/ *[Y/\ b2\a[Y+2( ]/\+m/] b\2a ([Y+m/\22Y [(] k2\\2h/] [bb+0/ s/. ). eata-"e# "o,a-"e).
C. O3 \/a([(Y _bb+0/ [\/ a/[(Y Y-/ 2(/ Y-[Y [\/ 2(*3
n[\Y+[**3 n\//\m/] +( Y-/ Y\_1Y_\/ 2b Y-/ h2\] s/. ). [Y.
0ct ` [Y. 0ctus).
MY //a []m+[k*/ Y2 _a _n h-[Y -[ k//( [+] +( [ Y[k*/.
QE
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
44/178
The #mological #r!c#!re of nglish 'ocab!lar
c-/ ([Y+m/ /*/a/(YE c-/ k2\\2h/] /*/a/(Y
M. M(]2j'_\2n/[( /*/a/(Y M. X/*Y+1 sQY- K FY- 1. d. l.t
MM. y/\a[(+1 /*/a/(Y MM. [Y+( EY )\2_nG EY . . .J(] )\2_nG DY- 1. d. l. C\]
)\2_nG Y-/ e/([+[(1/ n/\+2]
MMM. '()*+- o\2n/\ /*/a/(Y s(2
/[\*+/\ Y-[( QY- 1. d. l.t
MMM. N1[(]+([m+[( sHY- K EEY- 1. d.
l.t
Mz. \/(1- E. P2\a[( k2\\2h+()G
EEY- K ECY- 1. d. l. J. o[\++[(
k2\\2h+() se/([+[(1/t z. y\//p
se/([+[(1/t zM. MY[*+[(
se/([+[(1/ [(] *[Y/\t zMM. Nn[(+-
se/([+[(1/ [(] *[Y/\tzMMM.y/\a[( M. M(]+[( . e_+[(
d(] 2a/ 2Y-/\ )\2_n
c-/ Y[k*/ \/u_+\/ 2a/ /0n*[([Y+2(. `+\Y*3, +Y -2_*] k/ n2+(Y/]
2_Y Y-[Y (2Y 2(*3 ]2/ Y-/ /12(] 12*_a( 12(Y[+( a2\/ )\2_n, k_Y +Y[*2 +an*+/ [ )\/[Y/\ u_[(Y+Y3 2b h2\]. i2]/\( 1-2*[\ /Y+a[Y/
Y-/ n/\1/(Y[)/ 2b k2\\2h/] h2\] +( Y-/ '()*+- m21[k_*[\3 [Y FQK
DI n/\ 1/(Y h-+1- + [( /01/nY+2([**3 -+)- b+)_\/G
EO3 Y-/ nati,e e"eent h/ a/[( h2\] h-+1- h/\/ (2Y k2\\2h/]b\2a 2Y-/\ *[()_[)/ k_Y \/n\//(Y Y-/ 2\+)+([* Y21p 2b Y-+n[\Y+1_*[\ *[()_[)/.
QJ
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
45/178
2(/ h2_*] 1/\Y[+(*3 /0n/1Y Y-/ ([Y+m/ /*/a/(Y Y2 n\/m[+*. c-+
[(2a[*3 + /0n*[+(/] k3 Y-/ 12_(Y\3w /m/(Yb_* -+Y2\3 [(] k3 +Y
a[(3 +(Y/\([Y+2([* 12(Y[1Y.
x( [ Y\[+)-Y m21[k_*[\3 12_(Y, 12(+]/\+() Y-/ -+)- n/\1/(Y[)/
2b k2\\2h/] h2\], 2(/ h2_*] -[m/ Y2 1*[+b3 '()*+- [ [ *[()_[)/
2b +(Y/\([Y+2([* 2\+)+( 2\, [Y */[Y, [ e2a[(1/ 2(/ s[ `\/(1- [(][Y+( h2\] 2km+2_*3 n\/m[+*t. O_Y -/\/ [(2Y-/\ b[1Y2\ 12a/ +(Y2
n*[3, Y-/ \/*[Y+m/ b\/u_/(13 2b 211_\\/(1/ 2b h2\], [(] +Y + _(]/\
Y-+ -/[]+() Y-[Y Y-/ ([Y+m/ d()*2jN[02( -/\+Y[)/ 12a/ +(Y2 +Y 2h(.
c-/ ([Y+m/ /*/a/(Y +( '()*+- 12an\+/ [ *[\)/ (_ak/\ 2b -+)-j
b\/u_/(13 h2\] *+p/ Y-/ [\Y+1*/, n\/n2+Y+2(, n\2(2_(,
12(v_(1Y+2(, [_0+*+[\+/ [(], [*2, h2\] ]/(2Y+() /m/\3][3 2kv/1Y
[(] +]/[ s/. ). house# chi"d# /ater# &o# coe# eat# &ood# -ad# /Y1.t.
`_\Y-/\a2\/, Y-/ )\[aa[Y+1[* Y\_1Y_\/ + //(Y+[**3 y/\a[(+1
-[m+() \/a[+(/] _([bb/1Y/] k3 b2\/+)( +(b*_/(1/.
MY + n\2k[k*3 2b 2a/ +(Y/\/Y Y2 a/(Y+2( Y-[Y [Y m[\+2_ Y+a/
n_\+Y -[m/ Y\+/] Y2 n_\)/ Y-/ '()*+- *[()_[)/ 2b b2\/+)( h2\],
\/n*[1+() Y-/a h+Y- d()*2jN[02( 2(/. x(/ *2)[( 1\/[Y/] k3 Y-//*+()_+Y+1 ([Y+2([*+Y h[G ?dm2+] [Y+( ]/\+m[Y+m/ _/ k\+/b, Y/\/
d()*2jN[02( a2(23**[k*/?. c-/ +\2(3 + Y-[Y Y-/ 2(*3 d()*2jN[02(
h2\] +( Y-/ /(Y+\/ *2)[( + ?d()*2jN[02(?. CE
P2h */Y _ Y_\( Y2 Y-/ b+\Y 12*_a( 2b Y-/ Y[k*/ \/n\//(Y+() Y-/
([Y+m/ /*/a/(Y, Y-/ 2\+)+([* Y21p 2b Y-/ '()*+- m21[k_*[\3. c-/
12*_a( 12(+Y 2b Y-\// )\2_n, 2(*3 Y-/ Y-+\] k/+() ][Y/]G Y-/ h2\]
2b Y-+ )\2_n [nn/[\/] +( Y-/ '()*+- m21[k_*[\3 +( Y-/ QY- 1. 2\ *[Y/\,
Y-[Y +, [bY/\ Y-/ y/\a[(+1 Y\+k/ a+)\[Y/] Y2 Y-/ O\+Y+- M*/. d Y2
Y-/ M(]2j'_\2n/[( [(] y/\a[(+1 )\2_n, Y-/3 [\/ 2 2*] Y-[Y Y-/3
1[((2Y k/ ][Y/]. MY h[ a/(Y+2(/] +( Y-/ -+Y2\+1[* _\m/3 2n/(+()
Y-+ 1-[nY/\ Y-[Y Y-/ Y\+k[* *[()_[)/ 2b Y-/ d()*/, Y-/
53
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
46/178
N[02(, Y-/ }_Y/, k3 Y-/ Y+a/ 2b Y-/+\ a+)\[Y+2(, 12(Y[+(/] 2(*3
h2\] 2b M(]2j'_\2n/[( [(] y/\a[(+1 \22Y n*_ [ 1/\Y[+( (_ak/\ 2b
Y-/ /[\*+/Y [Y+( k2\\2h+().
O3 Y-/ M(]2j'_\2n/[( /*/a/(Y [\/ a/[(Y h2\] 2b \22Y 12aa2(
Y2 [** 2\ a2Y *[()_[)/ 2b Y-/ M(]2j'_\2n/[( )\2_n. '()*+- h2\]
2b Y-+ )\2_n ]/(2Y/ /*/a/(Y[\3 12(1/nY h+Y-2_Y h-+1- (2 -_a[(
12aa_(+1[Y+2( h2_*] k/ n2+k*/. c-/ b2**2h+() )\2_n 1[( k/
+]/(Y+b+/].E
M. [a+*3 \/*[Y+2(Gather# other# -rother# son#
dau&hter.
MM. o[\Y 2b Y-/ -_a[( k2]3Goot s1b. e. JN^)# nose# "ip# heart.
MMM. d(+a[*G co/# s/ine# &oose.
MMM. o*[(YG tree# -irch s1b. e. ?OPL)# corn s1b.
e.PO=).
z. c+a/ 2b ][3G da'# ni&ht. zM. g/[m/(*3 k2]+/Gsun# oon#
star. zMM. P_a/\2_ []v/1Y+m/G red s1b. rp\.O@^;># e.O;>)#
ne/# &"ad s1b. e. bL^;>)# sad s1b. e.
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
47/178
MM. d(+a[*G -ear# o%# ca".
MMM. o*[(YG oa# ir# &rass.
Mz. P[Y_\[* n-/(2a/([G rain# rost.
z. N/[2( 2b Y-/ 3/[\G /inter# sprin suer.1 zM.
[(]1[n/ b/[Y_\/Gsea# "and. zMM. g_a[( ]h/**+() [(]
b_\(+Y_\/G house# roo#
-ench.
zMMM. N/[j)2+() m//*G -oat# ship. M. d]v/1Y+m/G&reen# -"ue#
&re'# /hite# sa""#
thic# hi&h# o"d# &ood.
. z/\kGsee# hear# spea# te""# sa'# ans/er# ae# &i,e# drin.
- - -
MY -[ k//( a/(Y+2(/] Y-[Y Y-/ '()*+- n\2n/\ /*/a/(Y +, +(
1/\Y[+( \/n/1Y, 2nn2/] Y2 Y-/ b+\Y Yh2 )\2_n. P2Y 2(*3 1[( +Y k/
[nn\20+a[Y/*3 ][Y/], k_Y Y-// h2\] -[m/ [(2Y-/\ ]+Y+(1Y+m/
b/[Y_\/G Y-/3 [\/ n/1+b+1[**3 '()*+- -[m+() (2 12)([Y/J
+( 2Y-/\*[()_[)/ h-/\/[ b2\ M(]2j'_\2n/[( [(] y/\a[(+1 h2\] _1-
12)([Y/ 1[( [*h[3 k/ b2_(], [, b2\ +(Y[(1/, b2\ Y-/ b2**2h+()
h2\] 2b Y-/ M(]2j'_\2n/[( )\2_n.
*tar[ y/\a. *tern# [Y. *te""a# y\. aster.
*ad[ y/\a,satt# [Y.satis# e. s+( Y-/ a/[(+()
E Autun + [ \/(1- k2\\2h+().J Co&natesK h2\] 2b Y-/ [a/ /Y3a2*2)+1[* \22Y, 2b 12a
a2( 2\+)+(.
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
48/178
2b ?([Y+m/ /\m[(Y?t. c-/ /0n*[([Y+2( + +an*/G Y-// h2\] -[m/
k//( k2\\2h/] k3 e_+[( b\2a '()*+- [(] Y-/\/b2\/ [\/ (2Y
12)([Y/ 2b Y-/+\ '()*+- 12_(Y/\n[\Y.
MY -2_*] k/ Y[p/( +(Y2 12(+]/\[Y+2( Y-[Y Y-/ '()*+- n\2n/\
/*/a/(Y [*2 12(Y[+( [** Y-/ *[Y/\ b2\a[Y+2(, Y-[Y +, h2\] h-+1-
h/\/ a[]/ [bY/\ Y-/ QY- 1/(Y_\3 [112\]+() Y2 '()*+- h2\]jk_+*]+()
n[YY/\( s// X-. Q, Ft k2Y- b\2a ([Y+m/ [(] k2\\2h/] a2\n-/a/.
`2\ +(Y[(1/, Y-/ []v/1Y+m/ wk/[_Y+b_*w k_+*Y b\2a Y-/ `\/(1- k2\\2h/]
\22Y [(] Y-/ ([Y+m/ _bb+0 k/*2() Y2 Y-/ '()*+- n\2n/\ /*/a/(Y. MY +
([Y_\[*, Y-[Y Y-/ u_[(Y+Y3 2b _1- h2\] + +aa/(/.
'0/\1+/
/$ Consider o!r ans"ers #o #he follo"ing$
E. g2h 1[( 32_ [112_(Y b2\ Y-/ b[1Y Y-[Y '()*+- m2
1[k_*[\3 12(Y[+( _1- [( +aa/(/ (_ak/\ 2b h2\] 2b
b2\/+)( 2\+)+(^
J. Z-[Y + Y-/ /[\*+/Y )\2_n 2b '()*+- k2\\2h+()^
l[Y/ +Y.
C. Z-[Y X/*Y+1 k2\\2h+() [\/ Y-/\/ +( '()*+-^
l[Y/ Y-/a.
f. Z-+1- h2\] h/\/ +(Y\2]_1/] +(Y2 '()*+- m21[k
_*[\3 ]_\+() Y-/ n/\+2] 2b X-\+Y+[(+{[Y+2(^
Q. Z-[Y [\/ Y-/ 1-[\[1Y/\+Y+1 b/[Y_\/ 2b N1[(]+([
m+[( k2\\2h+()^
F. Z-/( [(] _(]/\ h-[Y 1+\1_aY[(1/ ]+] '()*[(]
k/12a/ [ k+j*+()_[* 12_(Y\3^ Z-[Y +an\+(Y b/[Y_\/
h/\/ */bY +( '()*+- m21[k_*[\3 k3 Y-+ n/\+2]^
D. Z-[Y [\/ Y-/ 1-[\[1Y/\+Y+1 b/[Y_\/ 2b h2\] k2\
\2h/] +(Y2 '()*+- ]_\+() Y-/ e/([+[(1/^
H. Z-[Y _bb+0/ [(] n\/b+0/ 1[( -/*n 32_ Y2 \/12)
(+{/ h2\] 2b [Y+( [(] `\/(1- 2\+)+(^
L. Z-[Y + a/[(Y k3 Y-/ ([Y+m/ /*/a/(Y 2b '()*+-
m21[k_*[\3^
QF
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
49/178
//$ !bdi+ide all #he follo"ing "ords of na#i+e origin in#o
a /ndoe!ro)ean b :ermanic c nglish )ro)er$
l[_)-Y/\, h2a[(, \22a, *[(], 12h, a22(, /[, \/], n\+(), Y-\//,
M, *[]3, [*h[3, )22/, k/[\, b20, *2\], Y\//, (2/, k+\1-, )\/3, 2*],
)*[], ][+3, -/[\Y, -[(], (+)-Y, Y2 /[Y, Y2 //, Y2 a[p/.
///$ ;ead #he follo"ing
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
50/178
Xgdoc'e f
c-/ 'Y3a2*2)3 2b '()*+- Z2\] (continued)
Z-3 d\/ Z2\] O2\\2h/]^
c-+ u_/Y+2( n[\Y+[**3 12(1/\( Y-/ -+Y2\+1[* 1+\1_aY[(1/
h-+1- Y+a_*[Y/ Y-/ k2\\2h+() n\21/. '[1- Y+a/ Yh2 ([Y+2( 12a/
+(Y2 1*2/ 12(Y[1Y, 1/\Y[+( k2\\2h+() [\/ [ ([Y_\[* 12(/u_/(1/. c-/
([Y_\/ 2b Y-/ 12(Y[1Y a[3 k/ ]+bb/\/(Y. MY a[3 k/ h[\, +(m[+2( 2\
12(u_/Y h-/( b2\/+)( h2\] [\/ +( /bb/1Y +an2/] _n2( Y-/
\/*_1Y[(Y 12(u_/\/] ([Y+2(. c-/\/ [\/ [*2 n/\+2] 2b n/[1/ h-/( Y-/
n\21/ 2b k2\\2h+() + ]_/ Y2 Y\[]/ [(] +(Y/\([Y+2([* 1_*Y_\[*
\/*[Y+2(.
c-// *[YY/\ 1+\1_aY[(1/ [\/ 1/\Y[+(*3 a2\/ b[m2_\[k*/ b2\Y+a_*[Y+() Y-/ k2\\2h+() n\21/, b2\ ]_\+() +(m[+2( [(]
211_n[Y+2( Y-/ ([Y_\[* n31-2*2)+1[* \/[1Y+2( 2b Y-/ 2nn\//]
([Y+2( + Y2 \/v/1Y [(] 12(]/a( Y-/ *[()_[)/ 2b Y-/ 2nn\/2\. M( Y-+
\/n/1Y Y-/ *+()_+Y+1 -/\+Y[)/ 2b Y-/ P2\a[( X2(u_/Y //a
/01/nY+2([*, /n/1+[**3 +b 12an[\/] Y2 Y-/ +(b*_/(1/ 2b Y-/ i2()2*j
c[\Y[\ ~2p/ 2( Y-/ e_+[( *[()_[)/. c-/ i2()2*jc[\Y[\ ~2p/ [*2
\/n\//(Y/] [ *2() n/\+2] 2b 1\_/* 2nn\/+2(, 3/Y Y-/ +an\+(Y */bY k3
+Y 2( Y-/ e_+[( m21[k_*[\3 + 12an[\[Y+m/*3 +(+)(+b+1[(Y.
c-/ ]+bb/\/(1/ +( Y-/ 12(/u_/(1/ 2b Y-// /m+]/(Y*3 +a+*[\
-+Y2\+1[* /m/(Y + __[**3 /0n*[+(/] k3 Y-/ ]+m/\)/(1/ +( Y-/ */m/* 2b
1+m+*+[Y+2( 2b Y-/ Yh2 12(b*+1Y+() ([Y+2(. e_+[( 1+m+*+[Y+2( [(]
[*2 Y-/ */m/* 2b +Y *[()_[)/ ]/m/*2na/(Y [Y Y-/ Y+a/ 2b Y-/ i2()2*jc[\Y[\ +(m[+2( h/\/ _n/\+2\ Y2 Y-2/ 2b Y-/ +(m[]/\. c-[Y + h-3
Y-/ e_+[( *[()_[)/ _11/b_**3 \/+Y/]
FJ
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
51/178
Y-/ +(b*_/(1/ 2b [ */ ]/m/*2n/] *[()_[)/ 3Y/a. x( Y-/ 2Y-/\ -[(],
Y-/ P2\a[( 1_*Y_\/ 2b Y-/ EEY- 1. h[ 1/\Y[+(*3 _n/\+2\ Y2 Y-[Y 2b Y-/
N[02(. c-/ \/_*Y h[ Y-[Y [( +aa/(/ (_ak/\ 2b `\/(1- h2\]
b2\1/] Y-/+\ h[3 +(Y2 '()*+- m21[k_*[\3. ~/Y, *+()_+Y+1[**3
n/[p+(), Y-+ //a+() ]/b/[Y Y_\(/] +(Y2 [ m+1Y2\3. M(Y/[] 2b k/+()
a[-/] [(] k\2p/( k3 Y-/ n2h/\b_* +(Y\_+2( 2b Y-/ b2\/+)( /*/a/(Y,Y-/ '()*+- *[()_[)/ a[([)/] Y2 n\//\m/ +Y //(Y+[* Y\_1Y_\/ [(]
m[Y*3 /(\+1-/] +Y /0n\/+m/ \/2_\1/ h+Y- Y-/ (/h k2\\2h+().
O_Y [** Y-+ 2(*3 /\m/ Y2 /0n*[+( Y-/ 12(]+Y+2( h-+1- /(12_\[)/
Y-/ k2\\2h+() n\21/. c-/ u_/Y+2( 2b /h' h2\] [\/ k2\\2h/] k3
2(/ *[()_[)/ b\2a [(2Y-/\ + Y+** _([(h/\/].
N2a/Y+a/ +Y + ]2(/ Y2 b+** [ )[n +( m21[k_*[\3. Z-/( Y-/ N[02(
k2\\2h/] [Y+( h2\] b2\ ?k_YY/\?, ?n*_a?, ?k//Y?, Y-/3 ]+] +Y
k/1[_/ Y-/+\ 2h( m21[k_*[\+/ *[1p/] h2\] b2\ Y-// (/h 2kv/1Y.
`2\ Y-/ [a/ \/[2( Y-/ h2\]potato [(] toato h/\/ k2\\2h/] k3
'()*+- b\2a Nn[(+- h-/( Y-// m/)/Y[k*/ h/\/ b+\Y k\2_)-Y Y2
'()*[(] k3 Y-/ Nn[(+[\].O_Y Y-/\/ + [*2 [ )\/[Y (_ak/\ 2b h2\] h-+1- [\/ k2\\2h/] b2\
2Y-/\ \/[2(. c-/\/ a[3 k/ [ h2\] s2\ /m/( /m/\[* h2\]t h-+1-
/0n\// 2a/ n[\Y+1_*[\ 12(1/nY, 2 Y-[Y Y-/\/ + (2 )[n +( Y-/
m21[k_*[\3 [(] Y-/\/ ]2/ (2Y //a Y2 k/ [(3 (//] b2\ k2\\2h+().
~/Y, 2(/ a2\/ h2\] + k2\\2h/] h-+1- a/[( [*a2Y Y-/ [a/, K
[*a2Y, k_Y (2Y /0[1Y*3. MY + k2\\2h/] k/1[_/ +Y \/n\//(Y Y-/ [a/
12(1/nY +( 2a/ (/h [n/1Y, _nn*+/ [ (/h -[]/ 2b a/[(+() 2\ [
]+bb/\/(Y /a2Y+2([* 12*2_\+() s// X-. EIt. c-+ Y3n/ 2b k2\\2h+()
/(*[\)/ )\2_n 2b 3(2(3a [(] )\/[Y*3 n\2m+]/ Y2 /(\+1- Y-/
/0n\/+m/ \/2_\1/ 2b Y-/ m21[k_*[\3. c-[Y + -2h Y-/ [Y+( cordia"
h[ []]/] Y2 Y-/ ([Y+m/ riend"'# Y-/ `\/(1- desire Y2 /ish# Y-/ [Y+(
adire [(] Y-/ `\/(1- adore Y2 "ie [(] "o,e.
63
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
52/178
%o .orro"ed &ords Change or %o The
;emain #he ame=
c-/ /a+(/(Y 1-2*[\ i[\+[ o/+ n_Y Y-/ [a/ u_/Y+2( +( [ a2\/
12*2_\b_* h[3G ?l2 h2\] h-/( Y-/3 a+)\[Y/ b\2a 2(/ *[()_[)/ +(Y2
[(2Y-/\ k/-[m/ [ n/2n*/ ]2 _(]/\ +a+*[\ 1+\1_aY[(1/^ l2 Y-/3
\/a[+( [*+/( +( [nn/[\[(1/, 2\ ]2 Y-/3 Y[p/ 2_Y 1+Y+{/(-+n n[n/\^?CL
i2Y 2b Y-/a Y[p/ Y-/ /12(] h[3, Y-[Y +, Y-/3 []v_Y Y-/a/*m/
Y2 Y-/+\ (/h /(m+\2(a/(Y [(] )/Y [][nY/] Y2 Y-/ (2\a 2b Y-/
\/1+n+/(Y *[()_[)/. c-/3 _(]/\)2 1/\Y[+( 1-[()/ h-+1- )\[]_[**3
/\[/ Y-/+\ b2\/+)( b/[Y_\/, [(], b+([**3, Y-/3 [\/ [+a+*[Y/].
N2a/Y+a/ Y-/ n\21/ 2b [+a+*[Y+2( ]/m/*2n Y2 Y-/ n2+(Y h-/( Y-/
b2\/+)( 2\+)+( 2b [ h2\] + u_+Y/ _(\/12)(+[k*/. MY + ]+bb+1_*Y Y2
k/*+/m/ (2h Y-[Y _1- h2\] [ dinner# cat# tae# cup [\/ (2Y '()*+-
k3 2\+)+(. xY-/\, Y-2_)- h/** [+a+*[Y/], Y+** k/[\ Y\[1/ 2b Y-/+\
b2\/+)( k[1p)\2_(]. Vistance [(] de,e"opent# b2\ +(Y[(1/, [\/
+]/(Y+b+/] [ k2\\2h+() k3 Y-/+\ `\/(1- _bb+0/,sin [(]s'k3 Y-/N1[(]+([m+[( +(+Y+[*s# po"ice [(] re&iek3 Y-/ `\/(1- Y\/ 2( Y-/
*[Y 3**[k*/.
O2\\2h/] h2\] [\/ []v_Y/] +( Y-/ Y-\// a[+( [\/[ 2b Y-/ (/h
*[()_[)/ 3Y/aG Y-/ n-2(/Y+1, Y-/ )\[aa[Y+1[* [(] Y-/ /a[(Y+1.
c-/ *[Y+() ([Y_\/ 2b n-2(/Y+1 [][nY[Y+2( + k/Y -2h( k3
12an[\+() P2\a[( `\/(1- k2\\2h+() Y2 *[Y/\ 2(/. c-/ P2\a[(
k2\\2h+() -[m/ b2\ [ *2() Y+a/ k//( b_**3 [][nY/] Y2 Y-/ n-2(/Y+1
3Y/a 2b Y-/ '()*+- *[()_[)/G _1- h2\] [ ta-"e# p"ate# coura&e#
chi,a"r'k/[\ (2 n-2(/Y+1 Y\[1/ 2b Y-/+\ `\/(1- 2\+)+(. N2a/ 2b Y-/
*[Y/\ so[\++[(t k2\\2h+(), /m/( Y-/ 2(/ k2\\2h/] [ /[\*3 [ Y-/
EQY-1., Y+** 2_(] _\n\++()*3 `\/(1-G re&ie# ,a"ise# atinee# cae#
-a""et. M( Y-// 1[/ n-2(/Y+1 [][nY[Y+2( + (2Y 12an*/Y/].
1
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
53/178
c-/ Y-\// Y[)/ 2b )\[]_[* n-2(/Y+1 [+a+*[Y+2( 2b `\/(1-
k2\\2h+() 1[( k/ +**_Y\[Y/] k3 ]+bb/\/(Y n-2(/Y+1 m[\+[(Y 2b Y-/
h2\]&ara&e[
sda/\.t.
y\[aa[Y+1[* [][nY[Y+2( 12(+Y +( [ 12an*/Y/ 1-[()/ 2b Y-/
b2\a/\ n[\[]+)a 2b Y-/ k2\\2h/] h2\] s+. /. 3Y/a 2b Y-/
)\[aa[Y+1[* b2\a n/1_*+[\ Y2 +Y [ [ n[\Y 2b n//1-t. Mb +Y + [ (2_(, +Y
+ 1/\Y[+( Y2 []2nY, 22(/\ 2\ *[Y/\, [ (/h 3Y/a 2b ]/1*/(+2( +b +Y +
[ m/\k, +Y h+** k/ 12(v_)[Y/] [112\]+() Y2 Y-/ \_*/ 2b Y-/ \/1+n+/(Y
*[()_[)/. ~/Y, Y-+ + [*2 [ *[Y+() n\21/. c-/ e_+[( (2_(
JL /as k2\\2h/] b\2a `\/(1- /[\*3 +( Y-/ ELY- 1. [(] -[ (2Y
3/Y [1u_+\/] Y-/ e_+[( 3Y/a 2b ]/1*/(+2(. c-/ [a/ 1[( k/ [+]
[k2_Y _1- '()*+- e/([+[(1/ k2\\2h+() [ datu sn*. data)#
phenoenon sn*.phenoena)# criterion sn*. criteria) h-/\/[ /[\*+/\
[Y+( k2\\2h+() _1- [ cup# p"u# street# /a"" h/\/ b_**3 [][nY/] Y2
Y-/ )\[aa[Y+1[* 3Y/a 2b Y-/ *[()_[)/ *2() [)2.
O3 /a[(Y+1 [][nY[Y+2( + a/[(Y []v_Ya/(Y Y2 Y-/ 3Y/a 2ba/[(+() 2b Y-/ m21[k_*[\3. MY -[ k//( a/(Y+2(/] Y-[Y k2\\2h+() +
)/(/\[**3 1[_/] /+Y-/\ k3 Y-/ (/1/+Y3 Y2 b+** [ )[n +( Y-/ m21[k_*[\3
2\ k3 [ 1-[(1/ Y2 []] [ 3(2(3a 12(m/3+() [( 2*] 12(1/nY +( [ (/h
h[3. ~/Y, Y-/ n\21/ 2b k2\\2h+() + (2Y [*h[3 2 n_\n2/b_*,
*2)+1[* [(] /bb+1+/(Y [ +Y a+)-Y //a [Y b+\Y +)-Y. N2a/Y+a/ [ h2\]
a[3 k/ k2\\2h/] ?k*+(]*3?, 2 Y2 n/[p, b2\ (2 2km+2_ \/[2(, Y2
b+(] Y-[Y +Y + (2Y h[(Y/] k/1[_/ Y-/\/ + (2 )[n +( Y-/ m21[k_*[\3 (2\
+( Y-/ )\2_n 2b 3(2(3a h-+1- +Y 12_*] 12(m/(+/(Y*3 b+**. q_+Y/ [
(_ak/\ 2b _1- ?[11+]/(Y[*? k2\\2h+() [\/ m/\3 22( \/v/1Y/] k3 Y-/
m21[k_*[\3 [(] b2\)2YY/(. O_Y Y-/\/ [\/ 2Y-/\ h-+1- a[([)/ Y2 Y[p/
\22Y k3 Y-/ n\21/ 2b /a[(Y+1 [][nY[Y+2(. c-/ []v/1Y+m/ "ar&e# b2\
+(Y[(1/, h[ k2\\2h/] b\2a `\/(1- +( Y-/ a/[(+() 2b ?h+]/?. MY h[
(2Y [1Y_[**3 h[(Y/], k/1[_/ +Y b_**3 12+(1+]/] h+Y- Y-/ '()*+-
[]v/1Y+m/ /ide h+Y-2_Y []]+()
3.
FQ
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
54/178
[(3 (/h -[]/ 2\ [n/1Y Y2 +Y a/[(+(). c-+ 12_*] -[m/ */] Y2 +Y
\/v/1Y+2(. ~/Y, "ar&e a[([)/], Y2 /Y[k*+- +Y/*b m/\3 b+\a*3 +( Y-/
'()*+- m21[k_*[\3 k3 /a[(Y+1 []v_Ya/(Y. MY /(Y/\/] [(2Y-/\
3(2(3a+1 )\2_n h+Y- Y-/ )/(/\[* a/[(+() 2b ?k+) +( +{/?. dY b+\Y +Y
h[ [nn*+/] Y2 2kv/1Y 1-[\[1Y/\+/] k3 m[Y -2\+{2(Y[* ]+a/(+2(,
Y-_ \/Y[+(+() [ Y\[1/ 2b +Y b2\a/\ a/[(+(), [(] (2h, Y-2_)- Y+**
k/[\+() 2a/ b/[Y_\/ 2b Y-[Y a/[(+(), + _11/b_**3 12an/Y+()
h+Y- -i& -[m+() [nn\2[1-/] +Y m/\3 1*2/*3, k2Y- +( b\/u_/(13 [(]
a/[(+().
c-/ []v/1Y+m/&a' h[ k2\\2h/] b\2a `\/(1- +( /m/\[* a/[(+()
[Y 2(1/G ?(2k*/ 2b k+\Y-?, ?k\+)-Y, -+(+()?, ?a_*Y+j12*2_\/]?. e[Y-/\
22( +Y -+bY/] +Y )\2_(] ]/m/*2n+() Y-/ a/[(+() ?v23b_*, -+)-j
n+\+Y/]? +( h-+1- /(/ +Y k/1[a/ [ 3(2(3a 2b Y-/ ([Y+m/ err' [(]
+( 2a/ Y+a/ */bY +Y b[\ k/-+(] +( b\/u_/(13 [(] \[()/ 2b a/[(+().
c-+ 1-[()/ h[ [)[+( 1[_/] k3 Y-/ n\21/ 2b /a[(Y+1 []v_Ya/(YG
Y-/\/ h[ (2 n*[1/ +( Y-/ m21[k_*[\3 b2\ Y-/ b2\a/\ a/[(+() 2b &a'#
k_Y Y-/ )\2_n h+Y- Y-/ )/(/\[* a/[(+() 2b ?-+)- n+\+Y? 2km+2_*3
*[1p/] 1/\Y[+( -[]/ h-+1- h/\/ _11/b_**3 _nn*+/] k3&a'.
c-/ []v/1Y+m/ nice h[ [ `\/(1- k2\\2h+() a/[(+() ?+**3? [Y
b+\Y. c-/ '()*+- 1-[()/ 2b a/[(+() //a Y2 -[m/ [\+/( h+Y- Y-/
_/ 2b Y-/ h2\] +( /0n\/+2( *+p/ a nice distinction# a/[(+() b+\Y ?[
+**3, -[+\jn*+YY+() ]+Y+(1Y+2(?, Y-/( [ n\/1+/ 2(/, _*Y+a[Y/*3 [(
[YY\[1Y+m/ 2(/. O_Y Y-/ 2\+)+([* (/1/+Y3 b2\ 1-[()/ h[ 1[_/] 2(1/
a2\/ k3 Y-/ b[1Y Y-[Y Y-/ a/[(+() 2b ?b22*+-? h[ (2Y h[(Y/] +( Y-/
m21[k_*[\3 [(] Y-/\/b2\/ nice h[ 2k*+)/] Y2 *22p b2\ [ )[n +(
[(2Y-/\ /a[(Y+1 b+/*].
M(Y/\([Y+2([* Z2\]
MY + 2bY/( Y-/ 1[/ Y-[Y [ h2\] + k2\\2h/] k3 /m/\[* *[()_[)/,
[(] (2Y v_Y k3 2(/. N_1- h2\] __[**3 12(j
5/24/2018 Antrushina GB - English Lexicology-1257
55/178
m/3 12(1/nY h-+1- [\/ +)(+b+1[(Y +( Y-/ b+/*] 2b 12aa_(+1[Y+2(.
i[(3 2b Y-/a [\/ 2b [Y+( [(] y\//p 2\+)+(. i2Y ([a/ 2b
1+/(1/ [\/ +(Y/\([Y+2([*, /. ). phi"osoph'# atheatics# ph'sics#
cheistr'# -io"o&'# edicine# "in&uistics# "e%ico"o&'. c-/\/ [\/ [*2
(_a/\2_ Y/\a 2b [\Y +( Y-+ )\2_nG usic# theatre# draa# tra&ed'#
coed'# artist# priadonna.MY + u_+Y/ ([Y_\[* Y-[Y n2*+Y+1[* Y/\a b\/u_/(Y*3 211_\ +( Y-/
+(Y/\([Y+2([* )\2_n 2b k2\\2h+()G po"itics# po"ic'# re,o"ution#
pro&ress# deocrac'# counis# antii"itaris.