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Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders

Date post: 11-Jan-2016
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Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders
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Anxiety and Anxiety

Disorders

1.Anxiety motivates a person to take action, to solve a problem or to resolve a crisis

Concepts Of Anxiety

2. Is considered normal when it is appropriate to the situation.

3. Anxiety becomes a disorder when it is excessive and shows unusual behaviors.

Panic without reason.

Uncontrollable repetitive actions.

Unexplainable or overwhelming worry.

Irrational fear of objects.

Re-experiencing a traumatic events.

Examples of unusual

behavior

Mild Moderate Severe Panic

Perception Increased Selective inattention

- Distorted perception

- If prolong, may experience presence of hallucinations and delusions

- Disorganized

Mild Moderate Severe Panic

Physiologic Mild physiologic changes

- Perspiration - Moderate

muscle tension

- Increased heart & respiratory rate

- Gastric distress

- Headache- Dry mouth- Frequent

urination - High pitch

voice

- Severe headache

- Nausea- Diarrhea- Trembling - Vertigo- Pale- Tachycardia- Chest pain- Increased

BP,RR,PR- Dilated

pupil

- May bolt and run

- Totally immobile and mute

- Dilated pupils

- Increased Bp and Pulse Rate

- Flight/fight or freeze

Mild Moderate Severe Panic

Behavioral - Alert- Energetic- Confident- Enhance

learning

- Difficulty in concentrating

- Easily distracted

- Decreased span of attention

- Increased rate in speech

- Pacing

- Difficulty focusing even with assistance

- Ineffective reasoning and problem solving

- Disorientation - Loud and rapid

speech- Confused

communication- Crying- Inability to

think abstractly

- Immobilization- Out of contact

in the reality- Hysterical or

mute- Disorganized or

irrational reasoning

- Desperation and may result to suicide

- Feeling overwhelmed and out of control

Coping

Nursing intervention

1. Helps client focus attention to learn and solve problem

2. Motivate client to make changes or engage in goal directed activity

1. Redirect the person to topics because he/she has difficulty concentrating

2. Speak in short, simple and easy to understand sentence

1. Decrease the person’s anxiety level.

2. Stay with the person because anxiety is likely to worsen if he/ she is left alone.

3. Talk in low, calm and soothing voice

4. Walk with the person while talking if he/ she can’t sit still

1. Provide safety because the person cannot perceive potential harm.

2. Continuously talk with the person in a comforting manner even though the client cannot process what you are saying.

5. Relaxation technique such as deep breathing exercise.6. Use touch carefully7. Administer medication for escalating anxiety

3. Provide non- stimulating environment to decrease anxiety.4. Remain with the person until panic subsides (panic can last from 5-30 minutes)

Anxiety disorders is diagnosed when anxiety becomes chronic and impairs individual’s major functions resulting to maladaptive behavior and emotional disability.

Anxiety disorders

Phobic disorder Panic attack

Types of anxiety disorders

Characterized by persistent, irrational fear attached to an object or situation that objectively does not pose a significant fear

A-specific irrational fear

Phobic disorder

1. Agoraphobia- fear of open space2. Social phobia- fear of being

humiliated or embarrassed so they avoid social situations.

3. Specific phobia- persistent irrational fear other than the above.

Types of phobic disorder

Zoophobia – animals Genophobia – dirt Androphobia – man Acrophobia – height Pyrophobia – fire Ailurophobia – cats Belonophobia – needles Hemathophobia – blood Xenophobia – fear of strangers Mysophobia – contamination or

germs Astraphobia – storms, thunder, &

lightning

Other examples of phobias

1. Gradually expose client to the feared object through SYSTEMIC DESENSITIZATION.

2. FLOODING – abrupt exposure to the feared object

Nursing interventions

3. Help client to describe her feelings prior to a response for a phobic object.4. Help the client identify alternative coping strategies.Example: reframing

Nursing interventions

5. Practice relaxation technique with the client.6. Teach client about medications as part of the treatment plan.

Nursing interventions

B. Panic attack

Occur in a certain situation such as driving a car

Atleast 1 of the attacks has been followed by 1 month of the ff. symptoms

1. persistent concern of having additional attacks

2. worry about consequences Example: “going crazy”, losing control, having heart attack

3. significant changes in behavior

A: recurrent, unpredictable and

intense


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