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Anxiety Disorders
Panic attacksPhobias
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Objectives
• Break anxiety disorders into 3 categories• Describe panic disorders• Analyze fears and phobias• Synthesize obsessions and compulsions
Anxiety and Panic
• Generalized anxiety disorder is a continuous (majority of days- six month period) state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration, and signs of motor tension
• Some have G.A.D. Without having specific anxiety producing event
Generalized anxiety disorder
Continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration, and signs of motor tension
chapter 11
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder in which a person who has experienced a traumatic or life-threatening event has symptoms such as psychic numbing, reliving of the trauma, and increased physiological arousal
Posttraumatic stress disorder
An anxiety disorder in which a person who has experienced a traumatic or life-threatening event has symptoms such as psychic numbing, reliving the trauma, and increased physiological arousal
Diagnosed only if symptoms persist for six months or longer
May immediately follow event or occur later
chapter 11
PTSD Factors
• 60% of American's surveyed- traumatic experience- 8% of men, 20% women develop PTSD
• Huge genetic predisposition- Behavioral genetic studies of twins in general population and combat veterans
• Prior family history of psychological problems, traumatic experiences with poor emotional adjustment
• PTSD sufferers- hippocampus is apt to be smaller than average
Panic Disorder
• Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurring panic attacks, periods of intense fear, and feelings of impending doom or death, accompanied by physiological symptoms such as rapid heart rate and dizziness
Panic disorder
An anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurring panic attacksPanic attack: a feeling of impending doom or death, accompanied by physiological symptoms such as rapid breathing and dizziness
chapter 11
Panic Disorder
• Few minutes, more rarely hour• Chest pain, similar to heart attack• Usually occur after stress, prolonged emotion,
specific worries, or frightening experiences• Throughout the world but culture a factor• Chocking, smothered= Latin America• Public places- Europe, America • Greenland- dizziness during kayak fishing
Fears and Phobias
• A phobia is an exaggerated , unrealistic fear of a specific situation, activity, or object
• Bugs, snakes, dogs, heights, the # 13, • vaguely afraid or can’t be in same room
Fears and phobias
PhobiaAn exaggerated, unrealistic fear of a specific situation, activity, or object
chapter 11
How get phobias?
• Classical conditioning- fear of cats , scratched by cat
• Observational learning- watching freighting event happen
• Personality factors, cultural • Social phobia- anxious when observed by
others- eating in restaurant , speaking to crowd, perform in font of others
Phobias continued
• Agoraphobia is a set of phobias, often set off by a panic attack, involving the basic fear of being away from a safe place or person
• Agora – Greek open market• Specific fears, parties, driving in traffic, movie
theater • Typically begins with panic attack seems to have
no cause• Then avoid that situation
Agoraphobia
A set of phobias, often set off by a panic attack, involving the basic fear of being away from a safe place or person.
chapter 11
Obsessions and compulsions
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder in which a person feels trapped in persistent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive, ritualized behaviors (compulsions) designed to reduce anxiety
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
An anxiety disorder in which a person feels trapped in repetitive, persistent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive, ritualized behaviors (compulsions) designed to reduce anxiety
Person understands that the ritual behavior is senseless but guilt mounts if the behavior is not performed.
chapter 11
OCD factors
• Uncontrollable and interfere everyday life• People may feel frightened or repugnant: F.E.
Thoughts of killing a child, contaminated by a handshake
• Feel have no control over them: most common counting, touching, checking, hand washing
• Prefrontal cortex is depleted of serotonin= cognitive rigidity- can’t let go of certain thoughts
• Not a single unified disorder= subtype hoarders
Science of OCD
• Prefrontal cortex is depleted of serotonin= cognitive rigidity- can’t let go of certain thoughts
• Not a single unified disorder= subtype- hoarders
• PET scan shows obsessive hoarders have less activity in parts of brain that make decisions
Your turn
If you have the persistent thought that gremlins are sabotaging any airplane you are on or will be on, then you have a _____. If you cannot stop asking for more water during flights, then you have a _____.1. Obsession; compulsion2. Compulsion; obsession3. Phobia; obsession4. Plane ticket; pet camel
chapter 11
Your turn
If you have the persistent thought that gremlins are sabotaging any airplane you are on or will be on, then you have a _____. If you cannot stop asking for more water during flights, then you have a _____.1. Obsession; compulsion2. Compulsion; obsession3. Phobia; obsession4. Plane ticket; pet camel
chapter 11
Summary
• Panic attacks• Phobias• OCD