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ÅßÙèÍÅßÙïÌËëÌäÈÇ

ÈáâÌêÌ×ÞÀäÈÇ

Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research North-South

Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research North-South Switzerland

Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern

LAO DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS

ÀíÓÅßÊéÉé, ÀßÆ×à ãÏÌÀàÌ ãÖß ÀàÌÖíÃËëÌ, ÅÎÎ Öà×

ÀÜÃâÖÁàÂßÌßÀáÓßÀàÌ ãÓŠÌŸÁÜÃãØŠÃÆàÈÖà×, ÜíÃÀàÌÆèÍÑßÇàÀÜÌÌŸ

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ÝÞÍÝÞÃäÈÇ

Peter Messerli, Andreas Heinimann, Michael Epprecht, ËŠàÌ Ìàà ÑÜÌÅàÖê ÅîÀÅßØ×èÈ, ËŠàÌ Ìàà ËéÖàÂà ÄèÌËßÖàÌî×íÃ, Nicholas Minot

Socio-economic ATLAS of the Lao PDR

An analysis based on the 2005

Population and Housing Census

Edited by

Peter Messerli, Andreas Heinimann, Michael Epprecht, Phonesaly Souksavath, Thiraka Chanthalanouvong, Nicholas Minot

Prepared by

Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research North-South

Swiss National Centre of

Competence in Research

North-South Switzerland

Centre for Development

and Environment,

University of Bern

LAO DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS

Department of Statistics

Ministry of Planning

and Investment

Government of the Lao PDR

Lao National Mekong

Committee Secretariat,

Water Resources and

Environmental Administration,

Prime Minister’s Office

Government of the Lao PDR

Funded By

ÀàÌ–Í¡–ÝèÍ–ÝÜÃ: âÁÈâƲÜÓÉ¡ÉŠàÃ, ÅêÉŠàÃ, ÀàÌÀáÌíÈÉŠàà ãÖß Á§ÓïÌܲ̃ ˯æÈ‹ÅßãÈÃÔïŠåÌãÏÌ˯ÁÜÃκÓãÏÌ˯̸ Í¡æÈ‹ÚàÇÂ×àÓ׊àËîÀƒ ÀàÌÉèÈÅéÌãÓŠÌæÈ‹ÎßÉéÍèÈ ÉàÓÛèÀÀàÌÈ‹àÌÀíÈÚàÇ ÔŠàÃÊìÀÉ‹ÜÃÀŠÞ×ÀèÍ ÁÜÍâÁÈÆàÇãÈÌ Ûì ÇèÃÍ¡ËèÌæÈ‹ÝèÍ ÀàÌÝèÍÝÜà ãÖß ÇÜÓÝèÍ ÀŠÞ×ÀèÍ âÁÈâƲÜÓÉ¡ÉŠàà ԊàÃâÎèÌËàÃÀàÌ ÄàÀÖèÈÊßÍàÌ ÅÎÎ Öà×â˲Ü.

© 2008 Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South, Switzerland and Geographica Bernensia; ÀíÓÅßÊéÉé, ÀßÆ×à ãÏÌÀàÌ ãÖß ÀàÌÖíÃËëÌ; ÀÜÃâÖÁàÂßÌßÀáÓßÀàÌãÓŠÌŸÁÜÃãØŠÃÆàÈÖà×, ÜíÃÀàÌ ÆèÍÑßÇàÀÜÌÌŸ ãÖß ÅªÃã×ÈÖ‹ÜÓ, ÅáÌèÀÃàÌÌàÇíÀÖèÈÊßÓíÌÉê, ÅÎÎ Öà×.

ÅßØÃ×ÌÖéÁßÅéÈ

ÄèÈÑéÓ´ÃËáÜéÈ ÄáÌ×Ì, 1,000 Øí×

ÍàÃâË²Ü ËŠàÌÜàÈÄßÜèÈÅáâÌíàÍàÃÑàÀÅŠ×ÌÁÜÃκÓãÏÌ˯ÅßÍèÍ̸æÈ‹Ê‹àØàÀ׊à ËŠàÌæÈ‹ÅßãÈÃÂ×àÓÁÜÍåÄÉ¡ÀèÍ Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South, Switzerland, ÀíÓÅßÊéÉé ãÖß ÀÜÃâÖÁàÂßÌßÀáÓßÀàÌãÓŠÌŸÁÜÃãØŠÃÆàÈÖà×.

ÂßÌßÀßÀÞÓÄèÈËá: Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South, ÀíÓ–Åß–Êé–Éé (DOS) Àß–Æ×à ãÏÌ–ÀàÌ ãÖß ÀàÌ–ÖíÖËëÌ (MPI), ÀÜÖâÖ–Áà–Âß–Ìß–Àá–Óß–ÀàÌ ãÓŠ–ÌŸ–ÁÜÖã؊ÖÆà–ÈÖà× (LNMCS) ÜíÖÀàÌ ÆèÍ–Ñß–Çà–ÀÜÌ–ÌŸ ãÖß ÅªÃ–ã×–ÈÖ‹ÜÓ (WREA) Åá–ÌèÀ–ÃàÌ–Ìà–ÇíÀ–ÖèÈ–Êß–ÓíÌ–Éê (PMO)

ÍèÌ–Èà–ËŠàÌ–Ï˯–ÁÞÌ–ÍíÈ–Üß–Ëé–ÍàÇ–ãÏ̖˯: Jim Chamberlain, Ëé–Öà–Âà ÄèÌ–Ëß–Öà–Ìî–×íà (DOS), Michael Epprecht (NCCR North-South), Åß–Ø×èÌ ØàÌ–ÑíÓ (MAF), Andreas Heinimann (NCCR North-South), Üî–Öà–×èÌ ãÀ‹×–×é–Öé–Çà–×íà (NCCR North-South), Å–Ø×èÈ–Èê ÀéÖãÀ‹× (MPH), Âá–äÅ Àî–äÑ–Âá (MEM), Thor Erik Maeder (UNDP) Nicholas Minot (IFPRI), Peter Messerli (NCCR North-South), Kay Panzer, ÅíÓ–ÄèÌ ãÑÖæÆ (DOS), Jo Pereira (COPE), ×é–æÖ–ÅîÀ Åê–Åî–ÖàÈ (DOS), Ìé–Óß–Öà ÅîÀ–ÅÜÌ (LWU), äÑÌ–âÃêÌ Åî–Öé–Çà (LWU), ÅèÖÂàÌ ËŠÞÖËá–Óß–×íà (LNMCS), ×é–ÖÜÌ ×é–ãÑÖæÆ (DOS), Îß–Åíà ×íÖÂá–ÄèÌ (MLSW)

ÝÞÍ–ÝÞÖäÈÇ: Peter Messerli (NCCR North-South), Andreas Heinimann (NCCR North-South), Michael Epprecht (NCCR North-South), ËŠàÌ Ìàà ÑÜÌ–Åà–Öê ÅîÀ–Åß–Ø×èÈ (DOS), ËŠàÌ Ìàà Ëé–Öà–Âà ÄèÌ–Ëß–Öà–Ìî–×íà (DOS), Nicholas Minot (IFPRI)

À×È–Àà–â̺ܖåÌ–äÈÇ: Peter Messerli and Kay Panzer

À×È–Àà–Ñà–Åà ãÖß ÀàÌ–ãΖÑà–Åà äÈÇ: Maureen Brown, Technical Language Associates

ãÉ‹Ó–ãÏ̖˯–äÈÇ: Andreas Heinimann (NCCR North-South), Adrian Weber (Institute of Cartography, ETH Zurich), Cornelia Hett (CDE), Peter Messerli (NCCR North-South), Michael Epprecht (NCCR North-South), Kaspar Hurni (CDE)

À×È–Àà–ÂìÌ–äÈÇ: ËŠàÌ ÄèÌ–Ëß–×íà æÆ–Çà–ÅéÈ Øí×–Ù‹à LNMCS, ËŠàÌ Åß–æÙ–ÄèÌ Íî–Ïà Øí×–Ù‹à–ÀíÓ Åß–Êé–Éé, MPI; Thomas Kohler, Codirector, CDE, University of Bern

ÜÜÀ–ãÍÍ–ÝïÍ–ÝŠàà ãÖß Ù‹à–ÎíÀ–äÈÇ: Robert Brown, Technical Language Associates

Üß–Ìî–ÇàÈ–åØ‹–ÑéÓ–äÈÇ: Àß–Æ×à Êß–ãØÖÖÁŠà×-×èÈ–Ëß–Ìß–Ëá, âÖÀ–Ëß–ÍÞÌ–ÑéÓ IE.AI 145/EDB 15092008

ÑéÓ–äÈÇ: Phongwarin Printing Limited, Bangkok, Thailand

ÄèÈ–ÑéÓ–Äá–ÙàÇ–äÈÇ: Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South and Geographica Bernensia

ISBN: 978-3-905835-03-8

Contact details: National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North–-South, Hallerstrasse 10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; T: +41 31 631 52 72; Email: nccr-north-south@cde.unide.ch; Web: www.north-south.unibe.ch

ÀíÓÅßÊéÉé, ÀßÆ×à ãÏÌÀàÌ ãÖß ÀàÌÖíÃËëÌ (MPI), ÊßÙíÌ Û×ÃÑßÍàÃ, ÌßÂÜÌÛ×Ã×ÞÃÄèÌ, ÅÎÎ Öà×; T: +856 21 219 219; Email: nscp@etllao.com; Web: www.nsc.gov.la

ÀÜÃâÖÁàÂßÌßÀáÓßÀàÌ ãÓŠÌŸÁÜÃãØŠÃÆàÈÖà×, ÅáÌèÀÃàÌÌàÇíÀÖèÈÊß ÓíÌÉê, ÊßÙíÌÖ‹àÌÆ‹àÃ, ÌßÂÜÌÛ×Ã×ÞÃÄèÌ, ÅÎÎ Öà×; T: +856 21 260 981; Email: lnmc@lnmc.gov.la; Web: www.lnmc.gov.la

Citation: Messerli P, Heinimann A, Epprecht M, Phonesaly S, Thiraka C, Minot N, editors. 2008: Socio-Economic Atlas of the Lao PDR – an Analysis based on the 2005 Population and Housing Census. Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South, University of Bern, Bern and Vientiane: Geographica Bernensia

© 2008 Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South, Switzerland and Geographica Bernensia;

Department of Statistics of the Ministry of Planning and Investment; Lao National Mekong Committee Secretariat of the Water Resources and

Environmental Administration of the Office of the Prime Minister of the Lao PDR

All rights reserved

First edition, 1,000 copies

Sections of this atlas may be reproduced provided that full acknowledgement is given to the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research

(NCCR) North-South, Switzerland, the Department of Statistics (DOS) and the Lao National Mekong Committee Secretariat (LNMCS).

Prepared by: Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South,

Department of Statistics (DOS) of the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI),

Lao National Mekong Committee Secretariat (LNMCS) of the Water Resources and

Environmental Administration (WREA) of the Office of the Prime Minister of the Lao PDR (PMO)

Contributing authors: Jim Chamberlain, Thiraka Chanthalanouvong (DOS), Michael Epprecht (NCCR North-South),

Savanh Hanephom (MAF), Andreas Heinimann (NCCR North-South),

Oulavanh Keovilignavon (NCCR North-South), Swady Kingkeo (MPH), Khamso Kouphokham (MEM ),

Thor Erik Maeder (UNDP), Nicholas Minot (IFPRI), Peter Messerli (NCCR North-South), Kay Panzer,

Jo Pereira (COPE), Somchanh Phengxay (DOS), Vilaysook Sisourath (DOS), Nimala Souksone (LWU),

Phongeun Souliya (LWU), Sangkhane Thiangthammavong (LNMCS), Vilon Viphongxay (DOS),

Prasong Vongkhamchanh (MLSW)

Edited by: Peter Messerli (NCCR North-South), Andreas Heinimann (NCCR North-South),

Michael Epprecht (NCCR North-South), Phonesaly Souksavath (DOS),

Thiraka Chanthalanouvong (DOS), Nicholas Minot (IFPRI)

Text Editing: Peter Messerli and Kay Panzer

Language Editing and Translations: Maureen Brown, Technical Language Associates

Cartography: Andreas Heinimann (NCCR North-South), Adrian Weber (Institute of Cartography, ETH Zürich),

Cornelia Hett (CDE), Peter Messerli (NCCR North-South), Michael Epprecht (NCCR North-South),

Kaspar Hurni (CDE)

Reviewers: Chanthavong Saingasith, Director General, LNMCS;

Samaychanh Boupha, Director General, DOS, MPI;

Thomas Kohler, Co-director, CDE, University of Bern

Layout and Cover Design: Robert Brown, Technical Language Associates

Authorised by: The Ministry of Information and Culture, Registration No. IE.AI 145/EDB 15092008

Printed by: Phongwarin Printing Limited, Bangkok, Thailand

Published by: Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South and Geographica Bernensia

ISBN: 978-3-905835-03-8

Contact details: National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South,

Hallerstrasse 10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;

T: +41 31 631 52 72; Email: nccr-north-south@cde.unibe.ch; Web: www.north-south.unibe.ch

Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI),

Luang Prabang Road, Vientiane, Lao PDR;

T: +856 21 219 219; Email: nscp@etllao.com; Web: www.nsc.gov.la

Lao National Mekong Committee Secretariat, Office of the Prime Minister,

Lane Xang Avenue, Vientiane, Lao PDR;

T: +856 21 260 981; Email: lnmc@lnmc.gov.la; Web: www.lnmc.gov.la

Citation:

Messerli P, Heinimann A, Epprecht M, Phonesaly S, Thiraka C, Minot N, editors. 2008: Socio-Economic Atlas of the Lao PDR – an Analysis based on

the 2005 Population and Housing Census. Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South, University of Bern, Bern and

Vientiane: Geographica Bernensia

Disclaimer:

The boundaries, colours, denominations, and any other information shown on the maps of this atlas do not imply any judgment on the legal

status of any territory, or any official endorsement or acceptance of the boundaries on the part of the government of Lao PDR.

ÀŠÞ×ÀèÍÅßÊàÍèÌ

ÀíÓÅßÊéÉé, ÀßÆ×ÃãÏÌÀàÌ ãÖß ÀàÌÖíÃËëÌ

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Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South

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ÀàÌÖ×ÓâÜíàÀàÌ¿ÌÂ׋àåÌ×éÆà, ÖßØ׊àÃ×éÆà ãÖß Á‹àÓ×éÆà•

ãÖÀΊÞÌÀàÌ¿ÌÂ׋à ãÖß ãÌ×ËàÃÀàÌÎßÉéÍèÈåÌÈ‹àÌÀàÌÑèÈËßÌà•

Àà̖¿̖Â׋à–˯–ÄèȖɴÖÎß–Éé–ÍèÈ–ÑàÇ–åÉ‹–ÀàÌ–Âî‹Ó–ÂÜÖÁÜÖÅïÌ–Àà̖¿̖Â׋à–Â×àÓ–Åà–ÓàÈ–ã؊ÖÆàÈ–ÁÜÖÎß–âËÈ Åß–×éÈÅš âÙìÜ–åÉ‹ æÈ‹–ÝèÍ–ÀàÌ–Îß–ÅàÌ–ÃàÌ. ƱÖÓèÌ–âÝèÈ–åØ‹–âÎèÌ–æΖæÈ‹–˯–Äß–Àá–ÌíÈ–ËéÈ–Ëàà Ìß–äÇ–ÍàÇ–äÈÇ ÜêÖåÅŠ–ÀàÌ–ÅíÓ–ËÞÍ–ÏíÌ–ÁÜÖÀàÌ–×é âÂàß, ×é–Ëê–ÀàÌ ãÖß ËŠà–ãÝÖâѲܖۇȖϊÜÌ–ÏíÌ Àß–ËíÍ–É¡–Àà̖ΊÞÌ–ãÎÖÁÜà äÖÀ–˯–âÎèÌ–Üî–Îß–ÅèÀ–É¡–ÀàÌ ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà–ãÍÍ–ÇìÌ–ÇíÃ.

Department of Statistics (DOS), Ministry of Planning and Investment

The Department of Statistics (DOS) belongs to Ministry of Planning and Investment and is charged with the coordination of the production and

the dissemination of statistics and information within the national statistical system. It has the task of collecting, compiling, processing, analys-

ing and reporting official statistics on the socio-economic situation within the country within various time periods. The Department of Statistics

supplies socio-economic statistics to all government organisations and various sectors, both domestic and others, who are involved in research for

policy formulation, managing the socio-economic situation, setting up socio-economic development plans and analysing specific issues. The need

to depend on statistics in decision-making has increased not only in socio-economic development planning but also in follow-ups and evaluations

of the national objectives such as the eradication of poverty by 2010, and freeing the Lao PDR from the status of a least developed country by

2020. Statistics are also required in helping the Lao P.D.R. to fulfil its responsibilities within the regionalisation and globalisation frameworks.

Lao National Mekong Committee Secretariat (LNMCS), Prime Minister’s Office

The Lao National Mekong Committee (LNMC) is a governmental organisation of the Lao PDR. Its secretariat (LNMCS) is attached to the Water

Resources and Environmental Administration (WREA) under the Prime Minister’s Office. The role of the LNMC is to formulate policy, strategic

plans, projects and programs, related to water resources development in the Mekong River basin in order to protect the environment, to main-

tain an environmental balance, and to ensure community participation and development co-operation with other Mekong riparian countries, and

other countries and donors. It aims at ensuring the fruitful implementation of development projects within the territory of the Lao PDR.

Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South

The NCCR North-South is one of twenty National Centres of Competence in Research currently supported by the Swiss National Science Foun-

dation (SNSF). The NCCR North-South supports research on issues relating to sustainable development, particularly in developing and transition

countries, but also in Switzerland. The most salient features of the program are:

North-South partnerships for scientific research•

Integration of disciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research•

Interactive exchange of development research and practice•

Research conducted under the auspices of the NCCR North-South is coordinated so as to allow for policy-oriented comparative analysis of path-

ways and potentials for mitigating the effects of global change that hinder sustainable development.

About the Institutions

Âá–Ìá ................................................................................................................................................................xviiÁçÅßãÈÃ×Â×àÓÁÜÍåÄ ........................................................................................................................................xixÍíÈ–Ìá ............................................................................................................................................................... xxiii

SECTION AË̄–É´ÃÑïÓÅèÌÊàÌäÈÇÅèÖâÁ–Í ............................................................................................................ 1

ÑàÍÊŠàÇ ÅÎÎ Öà× ÄàÀÜà×ßÀàÈA.1 ...........................................................................................................2ÀàÌãÍŠÃâÁÈÀàÌÎíÀÂÜÃA.2 .........................................................................................................................4ÖßÈèÍÙ‹àÈéÌ ãÖß ÀàÌÁíÌųÃA.3 ...................................................................................................................6ÀàÌÎíÀÂîÓË̄ÈéÌåÌ Îê 2002A.4 ......................................................................................................................8Â×àÓÅàÓàÈâÁ¿àâÊéÃÁÜÃãÁ×ÃA.5 ..............................................................................................................10ÉàÉßÖàà 1: ÜèÈÉàÅŠ×ÌÑíÌÖßâÓìÜà ãÖß ÑºÌË̄ÁÜÃÎßâËÈÑàÇåÌÖßÈèÍÂ×àÓÅàÓàÈåÌÀàÌâÁ¿àâÊéÃâËÈ ÅßÍàÌãÁ×à 10

Â×àÓÅàÓàÈâÁ¿àâÊéÃâÓìÜÃA.6 .....................................................................................................................12ÉàÉßÖàà 2: ÜèÈÉàÅŠ×ÌÁÜÃÑíÌÖßâÓìÜà ãÖß ÑºÌË̄ÈéÌÁÜÃÎßâËÈ ÑàÇåÌÖßÈèÍ Â×àÓÅàÓàÈâÁ¿àâÊéà ãÖß ÄàÀâËÈÅßÍàÌâÓìÜÃ. 12

ÅßÑàÍÖ×ÓÁÜÃÍ‹àÌA.7 ............................................................................................................................14âÓìÜÃ˯ÄèÈÔïŠåÌÖßÈèÍÂ×àÓËîÀA.8 ...............................................................................................................16

SECTION BÍèÌÈàÖèÀÅßÌß–ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–ÅßÊéÉé–ÁÜÃÑíÌÖßâÓìÜÃäÈÇ˳×æÎ ................................................................. 19

Â×àÓ–Ùà–ãÙ‹Ì––ÑíÌÖß–âÓìÜÃB.1 ................................................................................................................................................20ÉàÉßÖàà 3: Â×àÓÙàãÙ‹Ì ãÖß ÀàÌ–ã͊Öâ̺ÜË̄–ÁÜà –ÅÎÎ Öà× 20

ÀàÌ–ÀßÄàÇ–ÁÜÖÑíÌÖß–âÓìÜÃB.2 ..............................................................................................................................................22ÝïÍ–Åß–ãÈÖËê 1: ÀàÌ–ãÄÀ–ÔàÇÁÜÃÑíÌÖß–âÓìÜÖåÌ ÅÎÎ Öà×. 22

ÑíÌÖß–âÓìÜÖ–åÌâÀÌÜàÇî 5 Îê ãÖß ÉœÀ׊àB.3 ............................................................................................................................24ÑíÌÖß–âÓìÜÖåÌ–âÀÌ–ÜàÇî 65 Îê ãÖß ÅïÖÀ׊àB.4 ..........................................................................................................................26ÜèÈÉà–ÅŠ×Ì–ÀàÌ–âѪÃÑàÜàåÅB.5 ...............................................................................................................................................28ÜèÈÉàÅŠ×ÌËàÃâÑÈB.6 ...........................................................................................................................................................30ÜèÈÉà–ÅŠ×Ì–ËàÖâÑÈ–åÌ–ÀîŠÓ–âÈèÀÌ‹ÜÇ–ÜàÇî 5 Îê ãÖß Éœ–À׊àB.7 .....................................................................................................32ÅßÊàÌß–ÑàÍ–ÀàÌãÉŠÃÃàÌ–ÁÜÖÑíÌÖß–âÓìÜÖÖà×B.8 ...................................................................................................................34ÁßÙàÈÅßâÖŠÇâÝìÜÌÅŠ×ÍîÀÂíÌB.9 ...........................................................................................................................................36Øí×Ù‹à–Âí×–âÝìÜÌ–âÑÈ–ÇéÃB.10 ......................................................................................................................................................38

SECTION CÀàÌâ²ÜÌÇ‹àÇÁÜÃÑíÌÖßâÓìÜà .................................................................................................... 41

ÀàÌ–ÇíÀÇ‹àÇÑàÇåÌC.1 ..........................................................................................................................................................42ÀàÌÇíÀÇ‹àÇâÁ¿àâÓìÜÃC.2 ........................................................................................................................................................44ÀàÌÇíÀÇ‹àÇâÁ¿àÍ‹àÌC.3 .........................................................................................................................................................46ÀàÌÇíÀÇ‹àÇÜÜÀÌÜÀÍ‹àÌC.4 .................................................................................................................................................48ÀàÌÇíÀÇ‹àÇ–ËèÖÚíÈC.5 ............................................................................................................................................................50ÀàÌÇíÀÇ‹àÇâÁ¿àæÎåÌÌßÂÜÌØÖ×Ã×ÞÃÄèÌC.6 ..........................................................................................................................52

SECTION DÀàÌÝï‹ÙèÃÅì ãÖß ÀàÌÅëÀÅà ......................................................................................................... 55

ÀàÌ–Ýï‹–ÙèÃÅì ãÖß –äÝÃÝÞÌD.1 ...................................................................................................................................................56Â×àÓ–ÅàÓàÈ–âÁ¿à––æÎâÊéÃäÝÃÝÞÌÎßÊíÓD.2 ...............................................................................................................................58ÉàÉßÖàà 4: Â×àÓ–ÅàÓàÈ–åÌ–ÀàÌ–âÁ¿à–æΖÝÜÈ–æΖâÊéÃÁÜÃÍ‹àÌ ãÖß ÎßÆàÆíÌåÆ‹åÌÀàÌ âÈêÌËàÃæÎâÊéÃäÝÃÝÞÌË̄åÀ‹ÅîÈåÌâÁÈ ÑºÌË̄ÉŠàÃÀèÌ (Á́Ì Î 1 Øà Î 5). 58

ÜèÈÉàÅŠ×ÌËàÃâÑÈÁÜÃÑíÌÖßâÓìÜÃ˯Ýï‹ÙèÃÅìD.3 ........................................................................................................................60ÑíÌÖßâÓìÜà ãÖß ÜèÈÉàÅŠ×ÌËàÃâÑÈÁÜÃÏï‹Ë¯ÝÞÌÄíÍÄàÀäÝÃÝÞÌD.4 ..........................................................................................62ÀàÌâÁ¿àäÝÃÝÞÌÁÜÃâÈèÀ˯ÓêÜàÇî 6, 10– ãÖß 15– ÎêD.5 ...............................................................................................................64ÜèÈÉàÅŠ×ÌËàÃâÑÈÁÜÃâÈèÀÜàÇî 6 Øà 15 Îê˯âÁ¿àäÝÃÝÞÌD.6 ....................................................................................................66

SECTION EÅîÁßÑàÍ ãÖß Â×àÓÑéÀàÌ ......................................................................................................... 69

Ë̄É´ÃÁÜÃÅïÌÅîÁßÑàÍ ãÖß Â×àÓÅàÓàÈâÁ¿àæÎØàE.1 ..................................................................................70ÉàÉßÖàà 5: Â×àÓ–ÅàÓàÈÀàÌâÁ¿àæÎØàÁÜÃÍ‹àÌ ãÖß ÎßÆàÆíÌ ØàÅïÌÅîÁßÑàÍË̄æÀ‹Ë̄ÅîÈ È‹×ÇÎßâÑÈË̄ãÉÀÉŠàÃÀèÌÁÜÃâ×Öà–åÌÀàÌâÈêÌËàà 70

ÂîÌÖèÀÅßÌß˳×æÎÈ‹àÌÅîÁßÑàÍE.2 ............................................................................................................72Âí×âÝìÜÌË̄ÓêÂíÌÑéÀàÌE.3 ............................................................................................................................74ÎßâÑÈÉ¿ÌÉçÁÜÃÂ×àÓÑéÀàÌE.4 ..................................................................................................................76ÝïÍ–Åß–ãÈÖËê 2: ÀàÌÓêÔïŠË³×æÎÁÜÃÎßâÑÈÂ×àÓÑéÀàÌË̄ãÉÀÉŠàÃÀèÌ 76

ÅàâØÈÉ¿ÌÉç–ÁÜÃÂ×àÓÑéÀàÌ E.5 .................................................................................................................78ÝïÍ–Åß–ãÈÖËê 3: ÀàÌ–Óê–Ô˳זæΖÁÜÃÅà–âØÈ–ÁÜÃÂ×àÓÑéÀàÌË̄ãÉÀÉŠàÃÀèÌ 78

ÅàÖßÍàÌ xiii

SECTION FÆíÌ–âÏ³à –ãÖß ÅàÈÅßÙà .............................................................................................................. 81ÉàÉßÖàà 6: ÀàÌÄèÈÀîŠÓÆíÌâϳàÉàÓÚ×ÈÑàÅà ãÖß ÎßâÑÈâϳàË̄ÓêÅàÇÑí×ÑèÌÀèÍ 49 ÀîŠÓÆíÌâϳàË̄æÈ‹ÝèÍÝï‹ÔŠàÃâÎèÌËàÃÀàÌÄàÀÅïÌÀàÃãÌ×Öà×Å‹àÃÆàÈ. 81

ÀàÌãÄÀÔàÇÀîŠÓÆíÌâϳàÉàÓÚ×ÈÑàÅàF.1 .............................................................................................................................82äÂÃÎßÀÜÍÁÜÃÍ‹àÌÜêÃÉàÓÚ×ÈÑàÅàÁÜÃÀîŠÓÆíÌâϳàF.2 .........................................................................................................84ÀàÌãÄÀÔàÇÎßâÑÈÆíÌâϳàÉàÓÚ×ÈÑàÅàF.3 ........................................................................................................................86ÀàÌÎßÀÜÍÁÜÖ͋àÌÉàÓ–Îß–âÑÈÆíÌ––âϳà–ÑàÅà F.4 ...................................................................................................................88ÅàÈÅßÙàF.5 .......................................................................................................................................................................90ÅŠ×ÌÎßÀÜÍÅàÈÅßÙàÁÜÃÍ‹àÌF.6 ........................................................................................................................................92

SECTION GÀéÈÄßÀáÈ‹àÌâÅÈÊßÀéÈ .............................................................................................................. 95

ÑíÌÖß–âÓìÜÃÏ˯–âÝèÈ–×ÞÀ–ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–ÀéÈÄß–ÀáâÅÈÊßÀéÈG.1 ...............................................................................................................96–Éà–Éß–ÖàÖ 7: ÀàÌãÄÀÔàÇÁÜÃÑíÌÖßâÓìÜÃÜêÃÉàÓÀéÈÄßÀáØÖèÀÅáÂèÌ. 96

ÜèÈÉà–ÅŠ×ÌËàÖâÑÈ–ÁÜÖÑíÌÖß–âÓìÜÖÏ˯âÝèÈ–×ÞÀ–ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–ÀéÈÄß–ÀáâÅÈÊßÀéÈ–G.2 .............................................................................98ÉàÉßÖàà 8: ÄáÌ×Ì–Ïï‹–Óê–×ÞÀ–âÝèÈ–ÃàÌ–Ëá –ãÖß ÜèÈÉà–ÅŠ×ÌËàÖâÑÈ. 98

ÑíÌÖß–âÓìÜÖÏ˯–âÁ¿àÍáÌàÌ, –âÄèÍ–æÁ‹ Ûì –ãÀŠ–âÀêÌÀ׊à–˯Äß–âÝèÈ–×ÞÀ–ÃàÌ–æÈ‹ G.3 ................................................................................100ÀàÌ–Ø׊àÖÃàÌG.4 ................................................................................................................................................................102ÀàÌ–Óê–×ÞÀ–âÝèÈ–ÃàÌ–ËáG.5 ......................................................................................................................................................104ÀéÈÄßÀá–É¿ÌÉçÍ¡–ãÓŠÌ–ÀßÅéÀáG.6 .............................................................................................................................................106Âí×âÝìÜÌÓêÈéÌÀßÅéÀáâÎèÌÁÜÃÉíÌâÜÃG.7 ................................................................................................................................108ÁßÙàÈÅßâÖŠÇÁÜÃâ̺Ü˯ÀàÌÀßÅéÀáÉ¡Âí×âÝìÜÌG.8 ................................................................................................................110

SECTION HâòÜÌæÁåÌÀàÌÈáÖíÃÆê×éÈ ......................................................................................................... 113

Îß–âÑÈ–ØÖèÃÂà–âÝìÜÌÉ¿ÌÉçH.1 .................................................................................................................................................114ÎßâÑÈѺÌâÝìÜÌÉ¿ÌÉçH.2 ......................................................................................................................................................116Îß–âÑÈ–Ðà–âÝìÜÌ–É¿ÌÉçH.3 .......................................................................................................................................................118ãØ–ÖŠÃÌŸ–åÆ‹É¿ÌÉçH.4 .............................................................................................................................................................120ÎßâÑÈÁÜÃØ‹ÜÃÌŸÅŠ×ÌåØÇŠH.5 ............................................................................................................................................122ÀàÌÌáåÆ‹æÒÒ‹àH.6 .............................................................................................................................................................124ãÛŠÃÑßÖèÃÃàÌåÆ‹ÅáÖèÍãÉŠÃÔïŠÂí×ÀéÌH.7 ..................................................................................................................................126ѺÌ˯–ÔÜà–æÅÅß–âÖŠÇÉ¡–Øí×–ÂíÌH.8 .............................................................................................................................................128

SECTION IÂ×àÓËîÀ ãÖß Â×àÓÍ¡ÅßâÙêÑàÍ .............................................................................................. 131

ÜèÈÉà–ÀàÌ–âÀêÈÁºÌÁÜÃÂ×àÓËîÀI.1 .......................................................................................................................................132Â×àÓÙàãÙ‹ÌÁÜÃÂ×àÓËîÀI.2 ...........................................................................................................................................134ÈèÈÆßÌêÁÜÃÂ×àÓÍ¡ÅßâÚêÑàÍ (Éí×âÖÀ˯ɋÜÃÂïÌÁÜà Gini)I.3 ...............................................................................................136ÀàÌÅßâÖŠÇÀàÌåÆ‹ÄŠàÇÉ¡Øí×ÂíÌI.4 .......................................................................................................................................138

ANNEXE 1:ÂáØǧ§ ãÖß Æ²ØÇ ...................................................................................................................... 141

ANNEXE 2:ãÛŠÃÁ§ÓïÌÉŠàà ˯æÈ‹ÅßãÈÃÔïŠåÌÍèÌÈàãÏÌ˯ .............................................................................. 143

ANNEXE 3:âÜÀÀßÅàÌÜ‹àÃÜêà .................................................................................................................... 145

ÅàÖßÍàÌxiv

Foreword ......................................................................................................................................................... xviiAcknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................... xxiIntroduction .................................................................................................................................................... xxv

SECTION AGeographical overview ............................................................................................................. 1

Lao PDR from spaceA.1 ............................................................................................................................2Administrative divisionsA.2 ......................................................................................................................4Relief and transportationA.3 ...................................................................................................................6Land cover 2002A.4 ..................................................................................................................................8Province accessibilityA.5 .........................................................................................................................10Table 1: Percentages of the population and country land areas within different accessibility classes to and from provincial capitals 10

District accessibilityA.6 ............................................................................................................................12Table 2: Percentages of population and country land area within different accessibility classes to and from district capitals 12

Overview of villagesA.7 ...........................................................................................................................14Districts identified as poorA.8 ................................................................................................................16

SECTION BGeneral demographic characteristics .................................................................................... 19

Population densityB.1 ............................................................................................................................20Table 3: Population densities and respective shares of the territory of the Lao PDR 20

Population distributionB.2 .....................................................................................................................22Figure 1: Relation between share of population and share of land area of the Lao PDR 22

Population aged 5 years and youngerB.3 ..............................................................................................24Population aged 65 years and olderB.4 .................................................................................................26Dependency ratioB.5 ..............................................................................................................................28Sex ratioB.6 .............................................................................................................................................30Sex ratio of children aged 5 years and youngerB.7 ...............................................................................32Marital status of the populationB.8 ......................................................................................................34Average private household sizeB.9 ........................................................................................................36Female head of householdB.10 ................................................................................................................38

SECTION CMigration ................................................................................................................................ 41

Internal migrationC.1 .............................................................................................................................42District migrationC.2 ..............................................................................................................................44Village in-migrationC.3 ...........................................................................................................................46Village out-migrationC.4 ........................................................................................................................48Total migrationC.5 ..................................................................................................................................50Migration to Vientiane capitalC.6 ..........................................................................................................52

SECTION DLiteracy and education ........................................................................................................... 55

Literacy and schoolsD.1 ..........................................................................................................................56Accessibility of primary schoolsD.2 .........................................................................................................58Table 4: Accessibility of villages and people to the nearest primary school (grade 1 to 5) in terms of different classes of travel time 58

Sex ratio of the literate populationD.3 ..................................................................................................60Population and sex ratio of school completionD.4 ...............................................................................62School attendance of 6, 10 and 15 year oldsD.5 ...................................................................................64Sex ratios of 6 to 15 year olds attending schoolD.6 ..............................................................................66

SECTION EHealth & disabilities ................................................................................................................ 69

Location and accessibility of health centresE.1 ....................................................................................70Table 5: Accessibility of villages and people to the nearest health centres by different classes of travel time 70

General health characteristicsE.2 ..........................................................................................................72Households with disabled peopleE.3 .....................................................................................................74Main types of disabilityE.4 ......................................................................................................................76Figure 2: Prevalence of different types of disabilities 76

Main causes of disabilityE.5 ....................................................................................................................78Figure 3: Prevalence of different causes of disabilities 78

Contents xv

SECTION FEthnicity and religion .............................................................................................................. 81Table 6: Grouping of the ethno-linguistic families and categories relating to the 49 groups officially recognised by the Lao Front for National Construction (LFNC). 81

Distribution by ethno-linguistic familiesF.1 ..........................................................................................82Composition of villages by ethno-linguistic familiesF.2 .......................................................................84Distribution of ethno-linguistic categoriesF.3 ......................................................................................86Composition of villages by ethno-linguistic categoriesF.4 ...................................................................88ReligionF.5 ..............................................................................................................................................90Religious composition of villagesF.6 ......................................................................................................92

SECTION GEconomic activities ................................................................................................................. 95

Economically active populationG.1 ........................................................................................................96Table 7: Distribution of the population according to main activities. 96

Sex ratio of the economically active populationG.2 ..............................................................................98Table 8: Number of employed and sex ratios. 98

Population retired, sick or too old to workG.3 ....................................................................................100UnemploymentG.4 ...............................................................................................................................102EmploymentG.5 ....................................................................................................................................104Non-agricultural activitiesG.6 ...............................................................................................................106Households operating agricultural landG.7 .........................................................................................108Average size of agricultural land per householdG.8 ............................................................................110

SECTION HLiving conditions ................................................................................................................... 113

Main type of house roofH.1 .................................................................................................................114Main type of house floorH.2 .................................................................................................................116Main type of house wallsH.3 ................................................................................................................118Main water sourcesH.4 .........................................................................................................................120Type of toiletH.5 ...................................................................................................................................122Use of electricityH.6 ..............................................................................................................................124Source of energy for cookingH.7 ..........................................................................................................126Average living space per capitaH.8 .......................................................................................................128

SECTION IPoverty and inequality .......................................................................................................... 131

Incidence of povertyI.1 ........................................................................................................................132Density of povertyI.2 ...........................................................................................................................134Index of inequality (Gini coefficient)I.3 ...............................................................................................136Average per capita expenditureI.4 ......................................................................................................138

ANNEXE 1:Abbreviations & Acronyms ................................................................................................... 141

ANNEXE 2:Data sources of spatial information displayed on maps .................................................... 143

ANNEXE 3:References ............................................................................................................................. 145

Contentsxvi

Âá–Ìá Foreword

ÌèÍ–ãÉŠ–æÈ‹–Óê–ÀàÌ–Îß–Éé–ÝïÍ–ËàÖȋàÌ–âÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ–åÌ–Ë‹àÇ–ËíÈ–Åß–×èÈ–Ëê–ê 80 âÎèÌ–É¿Ì–Óà âÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ–ÁÜà ÅÎÎ Öà× æÈ‹–âÉêÍ–åØÇŠ–Áß–ØÇàÇ–Éí×–ÔŠàÖÅß–Úœ–Åß–âÚê ãÖß Í¡–ÔîÈ–Ô´Ã. ÌÜÀ–ÄàÀ–Àà̖ΊÞÌ–ãÎÖËàÖȋàÌ–âÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ ãÖ‹×, ÀàÌ–âÉêÍ–äÉ–ÁÜÖâÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ–ÇèÖâÎèÌ–ÎèÈ–åÄ–Ìá–âÜíà–Àà̖ΊÞÌ–ãÎÖåÚŠ–Åá–ÂèÌ–Óà–ÅÎß–Æà–ÆíÌ–ÜèÌ–âÝèÈ åØ‹–âÁíà–âÄ¿à–Åà–ÓàÈ–Èá–âÌêÌ–ÀàÌ–Èá–ÖíÖÆê–×éÈ–ÁÜÖÉíÌ åØ‹–Óê–Â×àÓ–ÇìÌ–Çíà ãÖß Åà–ÓàÈ–ãÀ‹–æÁ–Åß–ÑàÍ–ÍèÌ–Øà Æê–×éÈ Îß–Äá–×èÌ–ÁÜÖÉíÌ–æÈ‹. âÊéÖԊàÖåÈ–À¡–ÉàÓ, Ç‹Ü̖׊à–Àà̖ΊÞÌ–ãÎÖâÛ³à–̸–Óê–Öß–ÈèÍ–ãÉÀ–ÉŠàÖÀèÌ–æΖåÌ ÁÜÍ–âÁȖ˳זÎß–âËÈ ÅÎÎ Öà× âƨ̖׊à–ÍàÖˋÜÖʪ̖À¡–Óê–Àà̖ΊÞÌ–ãÎÖæ×–ÀŠ×–à–Ë‹ÜÖʪ̖ܲÌ, ÍèÌ–Øà ãÖß ËŠà–ãÝÖåÌ–ÀàÌ–ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà åÌ ÅÎÎ Öà× ÜàÈ–Óê–ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìß–ãÉÀ–ÉŠàÖÀèÌ–æΖÜêÖÉàÓ–Åß–ÑàÍ–ÁÜÖˋÜÖʪÌ.

ÖèÈ–Êß–ÍàÌ ÅÎÎ Öà× ÑàÇ–åÉ‹–ÀàÌ–ÝŠ×Ó–Óì–ÀèÍ–Ïï‹–ÝŠ×Ó–ÃàÌ–È‹àÌ–ÀàÌ–ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà–Åà–ÀíÌ–æÈ‹–Üî–ËéÈ–ÉíÌ–åØ‹–ÀàÌ–ÆîÀ–Çï‹–Åß–ÙèÍ–Åß–ÙîÌ ãÖß Æ¸–ãÌß–ÍèÌ–Èà–Àà̖ΊÞÌ–ãÎÖâÛ³à–̸–äÈÇ–ÏŠàÌ–ÀÜÍ–Ìß–äÇ–ÍàÇ ãÖß Áß–Í×Ì–ÀàÌ ÉèÈ–ÅéÌ–åĖ˯–Óê–ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìß–ÂíÍ–Ê‹×Ì–ÑÞÖÑç–âѲܖåØ‹–ÍèÌ–Öî–Â×àÓ–É‹ÜÖÀàÌ. Ç‹ÜÌ–ãÌ×–Ì´Ì–ÄîÈ–Óî‹Ã–ÚàÇ–ÁÜà ÖèÈ–Êß–ÍàÌ–Í¡–ÑÞÖãÉŠ–Äß–ãÌŠ–åÅŠ–Å‹àÖÂ×àÓ–ÈîŠÌ–ÈŠÞÖËàÖȋàÌ–âÅÈ–Êß–ÀéȖ˯–â֨Öâοà–ÚàÇ–åÅŠ–È‹àÌ–ÅèÖÂíÓ ãÖß ÅªÃ–ã×–ÈÖ‹ÜÓ–â˳à–Ì´Ì ãÉŠ–ÇèÖØàÀ–ÇèÖÖ×Ó–æΖâÊéÖÂ×àÓ–Äá–âÎèÌ ãÖß ËŠà–ãÝÖÁÜÖâÁȖѺ̖˯–ÉŠàà Ìá–ÜêÀ–È‹×Ç. âÑàß–Åß–Ì´Ì, ÀàÌ–ÉèÈ–ÅéÌ–åÄ–ÉŠàà Äß–É‹Üà Èá–âÌêÌ–æΖÍí̖Ѻ̖ÊàÌ–Â×àÓ–Ýï‹–Îß–ÅíÍ–ÀàÌ–ÄàÀ–Áß–Í×Ì–ÀàÌ ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà–˯–æÈ‹–Èá–âÌêÌ–æΖåÌ ãÉŠ–Öß–Ë‹ÜÃ–ÊªÌ ÉŠàÖÀèÌ–åÌ–Îß–âËÈ ãÖß Íí̖Ѻ̖ÊàÌ–ÏíÌ–ÂàÈ–Àߖ׊à–Äß–æÈ‹–ÝèÍ–åÌ Üß–Ìà–ÂíÈ–ÄàÀ–ÀàÌ–Îß–Éé–ÍèÈ Ìß–äÇ–ÍàÇ ãÖß ÀàÌ–ÉèÈ–ÅéÌ–åÄ.

ÅÎÎ Öà× äÈÇ–Óê–ÀíÓ–Åß–Êé–Éé, Àß–Æ×ÖãÏÌ–ÀàÌ ãÖß ÀàÌ–ÖíÖËëÌ–æÈ‹–Èá–âÌêÌ–ÀàÌ–âÀèÍ–Àá ãÖß Ö×–ÍÖ×Ó Åß–Êé–Éé–Á§–ÓïÌ–ÔŠàÖÓê–Â×àÓ–ÂìÍ–Ù‹à ãÖß æÈ‹–Îß–ÅíÍ–ÏíÌ–Åá–âÖèÈ–âÎèÌ–ÔŠàÖÈê. ÀàÌ–Åá–ØÖ×È–ÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜà ãÖß Ë¯–ÔÜà–åŖ´ÖØÖ‹à–ÅîȖ˯–æÈ‹–Èá–âÌêÌ–æΖåÌ–âÈìÜÌ–Óê–Ìà Îê 2005 Ì´Ì–æÈ‹–Åß–ÙÜÖÅß–Êé–Éé–Á§–ÓïÌ–åÚŠ–ØÖ‹à–ÅîÈ ÁÜÖÂí×–âÝìÜÌ–ÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜÖÖà×–ËèÖÚíÈ–Ë³× Îß–âËÈ. ÀàÌ–Åá–ØÖ×È–ÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜà ãÖß Ë¯–ÔÜà–åÅ–æÈ‹–âÀèÍ–Àá ãÖß Ö×–ÍÖ×Ó–âÜíà–Åß–Êé–Éé–Åá–ÂèÌ ÛàÇ–È‹à̖Ʊà Á§–ÓïÌ–Åß–Êé–Éé–ȨÖÀŠà×–Ì´Ì–æÈ‹–Ìá–Óà–×é–æÄ ãÖß Åß–âÙê–åØ‹–âØèÌ ÔåÌ–Éà–Éß–ÖàÖÅèÖÖ×Ó Åß–Êé–Éé–Á§–ÓïÌ ãÖß åÌ–ÍíÈ–ÖàÇ–ÃàÌ–ÛàÇ–Åß–ÍèÍ.

Óà–ÝÜÈ–ÈÞז̸, âѯ̖æÈ‹–Ñß–Çà–ÇàÓ–Åß–âÙê ãÖß ×é–æÄ–Á§–Óï̸̖–âÎèÌ–ãÉŠ–Öß–æÖ–Çß–Óà–ËèÖ̸–À¡–âѲܖâÝèÈ–åØ‹–ÏíÌ–ÁÜÖÀàÌ–×é–æÄ–Ì´Ì–æΖÝÜÈ–æΖâÊéÖÍèÌ–Èà–ÌèÀ–¿̖Â׋à ãÖß Ïï‹–Àá–ÌíÈ–Ìß–äÇ–ÍàÇ–åØ‹–À׋àÖæÀ–ÁºÌ–ɲÓ. Îß–Äî–ÍèÌ–Â×àÓ–Ñß–Çà–ÇàÓ–å̖ŪÖȨÖÀŠàז̸–Åà–ÓàÈ–âÀêÈ–âÎèÌ–ÄéÖæÈ‹–ò–ÑàÇ–åÉ‹–ÀàÌ–ÝŠ×Ó–Óì–ÀèÍ–Âß–Ìß–Àá–Óà–Ëé–ÀàÌ–ãÓŠ–ÌŸ–ÁÜÖã؊ÖÆà–ÈÖà× ãÖß ÅïÌ–ã؊ÖÆàÈ–ÁÜÖÎß–âËÈ–Åß–×éÈ–âÆê–ãÖèÌ È‹àÌ–Àà̖ųÖâÅêÓ–Â×àÓ–Åà–ÓàÈ (NCCR) ãÖß ÀàÌ–Åß–ÙèÍ–Åß–ÙîÌ–ÜèÌ–Óê–Šà–ÄàÀ–ÜíÖÀàÌ ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà ãÖß ÀàÌ–ÝŠ×Ó–Óì–ÁÜÖÎß–âËÈ–Åß–×éÈ–âÆê–ãÖÌ (SDC).

ÀàÌ–ÝŠ×Ó–Óì–˯–Óê–ê–ÚàÀ–ÏíÌ ãÖß Óê–Àà̖ΊÞÌ–ãÎÖåÚŠ–åÌ–ËàÖŋàÖÅèÌ–Öß–Ø׊àÖÜíÖÀàÌ–ÄèȖɴÖÁÜÖÖà× ãÖß ÀàÌ–Áß–ØÇàÇ–ÀàÌ–ÝŠ×Ó–Óì–ÜèÌ–Èê–ÁÜÖÀàÌ–ÄèȖɴÖЊàÇ–Öà×–ÝŠ×Ó–ÀèÍ–Â݊×Ó–Ãà̖ЊàÇ–Åß–×êÈ–âÆê–ãÖ̸̖–ÓèÌ–æÈ‹–Åß–ÙÜÖâòÜÌ–æÁ–åØ‹–Óê–Éà–Éß–ÖàÖÅß–Êé–Éé–Á§–ÓïÌ–ÂíÍ–Ê‹×̖˯–Üî–ÈíÓ–ÅíÓ–ÍïÌ ãÖß âÎèÌ–Öß–ÍíÍ–Èê–âѲܖÉê–Â×àÓ–ÚàÇ–Óà–âÎèÌ–Á§–ÓïÌ–åÌ–ÝïÍ–ãÍÍ–ÀàÌ–ãÄÀ–ÔàÇ. ÊàÌ–Á§–Óï̸̖–âÎèÌ–ÎèÈ–åÄ Ñà–åØ‹–âÀêÈ–Óê–ÆîÈ–ãÏ̖˯–Èê–Äê–Éç–˯–Óê–Á§–ÓïÌ–Öß–ÜÞÈ–ÂíÍ–Ê‹×Ì ãÖß Åà–ÓàÈ–Ìá–æΖåÆ‹–âѲܖÅß–ãÈÖÁ§–ÓïÌ–æÈ‹. ãÏ̖˯–Èê–Äê–Éç–̸–ÇèÖâÎè̖ŪÖâܺܖÜá–Ì×Ç–åØ‹–ãÀŠ–ÀàÌ–×é–æÄ–ÔÑàÇ åÌ–ÆîÈ–Á§–ÓïÌ–ÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜÖыÜÓ È‹×Ç Á§–ÓïÌ–Ü‹àÖÜêÖ˯–Óê–ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìß–ãÄÀ–ÔàÇ–ÄàÀ–ãØ֊ÖÁ§–Óï̖ܲ̃ Ìá–ÜêÀ–È‹×Ç. Åß–ÚîÈ–ãÏ̖˯ âÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ - ÅèÖÂíÓ–ÁÜà ÅÎÎ Öà× åÌ–Îß–Äî–ÍèÌ–ãÓŠÌ–Åß–ÚîÈ–ãÏ̖˯–Æß–ÌéÈ–Ëê–ÅÜÖŋàÖÁºÌ–Óà âѲܖÄîÈ–Îß–ÅíÖÅÜÖԊàÖÂì: ÜèÌ–Ëê–ٱÖãÓŠÌ–âѲܖÌá–åÆ‹–âÁ¿à–åÌ–ÀàÌ–Üß–Ëé–ÍàÇ ãÖß Æ¸–ãÄÖÁ§–ÓïÌ–äÈÇ–Óê–ÑàÍ Îß–ÀÜ͖˯–ãËÈ–âÚàß–ÀèÍ–Åß–ÑàÍ–Â×àÓ–âÎèÌ–Äêà ãÖß ÜèÌ–Ëê–ÅÜÖãÓŠÌ–âѲܖåÆ‹–âÎèÌ–Ñà–Øß–Ìß–Çï‹–ÙïÌ–åØ‹–âÀêÈ–ÀàÌ Ìá–åÆ‹–ãÏ̖˯–Ì´Ì–âÁ¿à–åÌ–ÀàÌ–ÅëÀ–Åà, Àà̖¿̖Â׋à ãÖß ÀàÌ–Å‹àà Ìß–äÇ–ÍàÇ–åÌ ÅÎÎ Öà×.

ËŠàÌ ÍîÌËß×ê ÅêÅîÑèÌËÜà ÖèÈÊßÓíÌÉêÆŠ×Ç׊àÀàÌ ÀßÆ×ÃãÏÌÀàÌ ãÖß ÀàÌÖíÃËëÌ

Since the economic reforms in the late 80’s, the Lao PDR has been experienc-

ing steadily increasing and continuous economic growth. Apart from economic

changes, such growth also brings about important changes in the way people

sustain their livelihoods and how they go about their daily lives. However, since

these changes are not the same throughout the whole territory of the Lao PDR and

as some places change more rapidly than others, the problems and potentials for

development in the Lao PDR may become more heterogeneous.

The Government of the Lao PDR in cooperation with international development

partners is committed to support and guide these changes through adequate poli-

cies and decision-making. It thereby aims not only at balancing economic objec-

tives with social and environmental goals, but also wants to take into account the

needs and potential of the different regions. Therefore, decisions must be based

on knowledge of the development processes going on in different places of the

country and of the expected consequences of future policies and decisions.

The Lao PDR through its Department of Statistics (DOS) of the Ministry of Plan-

ning and Investment has made considerable progress in collecting and compiling

statistical data. The latest National Population and Housing Census, carried out in

March 2005, presents the most recent data covering the totality of Lao households.

The results include a wide range of important statistics, which have been analysed

and presented in aggregated tabular form and through a series of reports.

So far few attempts have been made to spatially represent and analyse this

data, in order to make the results more readily accessible to researchers and policy

makers. This has now become possible through a close collaboration with the Lao

National Mekong Committee Secretariat (LNMCS) and the Swiss National Centre of

Competence (NCCR) North-South with invaluable support from the Swiss Agency

for Development and Cooperation (SDC).

This fruitful and innovative partnership between Lao institutions and the

further expansion to include Swiss partners has allowed the rich tabular data to be

translated into spatial information. The database led to a set of detailed digital

maps that can be used not only to present data but also to facilitate analysis, both

within the census data set and with spatially referenced data from other sources.

The present Socio-economic Atlas of Lao PDR, the second of its kind, is intended

first to serve as a practical illustration of the data and also as a means of stimulat-

ing its use in education, research and policy making in the Lao PDR.

Mr. Bounthavy Sisouphanthong

Vice Minister

Ministry of Planning and Investment

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ÁçÅßãÈÃ×Â×àÓÁÜÍåÄ

ÌÜÀ–ÄàÀ–ÀàÌ–ÆŠ×Ç–âÛìÜ–×é–Æà–ãÉ‹Ó–ãÏ̖˯–ÅïÌ–âѲܖÀàÌ–ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà ãÖß ÅªÃ–ã×–ÈÖ‹ÜÓ (CDE) Óß–Øà–×é–Ëß–Çà–æÖ–âÍêÌ, Îß–âËÈ–Åß–×éÈÅš–âÆê–ãÖÌ–Åß–ÙÜÖåØ‹–ãÖ‹×, Âç–âÌ–âÖÇ âÝÈ ãÖß ÀàÈ–Å–Îà âÝê–̯ æÈ‹–Îß–ÀÜÍ–ÅŠ×Ì–ÔŠàÖÅá–Âè̖ƱÖÑ×À–âÝíà–Åß–ãÈÖÂ×àÓ–ÁÜÍ–åÄ–Ìá–Ûàǃ.

–ãÏ̖˯–âÛ³à–̸–Äß–Í¡–Óê–Îß–äØÇÈ Ê‹à–ØàÀ–ÁàÈ–â̺ܖâÖ²ÜÖ˯–ÁÞÌ–Âá–Üß–Ëé–ÍàÇ–Â×Í–ÂÀèÍ–ãÏ̖˯. Ñ×À–âÝíà–Áç–Åß–ãÈÖÂ×àÓ–Ýï‹–ÍîÌ–ÂîÌ–ÔŠàÖÅîÈ–åÄ–Ìá–Ïï‹–ÁÞ̖˯–æÈ‹–Îß–ÀÜÍ–ÅŠ×Ì–ËîŠÓ–âË–Â×àÓ–Ñß–Çà–ÇàÓ–åÅŠ–åÌ–ÀàÌ–ÁÞÌ–ÍíȖƱÖæÈ‹–Öß–Íî–æ׋–åÌ–Ù‹à–˯ 5. ÍíÈ–ÁÞÌ–âÛ³à–̸–æÈ‹–Ìá–Óà–À×È–ãÀ‹–ÂìÌ–åÚŠ äÈÇ ÈÕ. â ÎèÌ–âÆê ã؊ÖÎß–âËÈ–âÔÇ–Öß–ÓèÌ âѯ̖æÈ‹–ËîŠÓ–âË–â×–Öà ãÖß Â×àÓ–ÓîŠÃ–Ú´Ì–ÔŠàÖÛ×ÖÛàÇ–åØ‹–ãÀŠ–×ÞÀ–Ãà̖ȨÖÀŠà× ãÖß Ñ×À–âÝíà–ÔàÀ–Åß–ãÈÖÂ×àÓ–ÁÜÍ–åÄ–Ìá–âѯ̖ȋ×Ç–Â×àÓ–ÄéÖåÄ. åÌ–Áß–Ìß–ÈÞ×–ÀèÌ–Ñ×À–âÝíà–À¡–Áç–ÆíÓ–âÆêÇ–åÌ–Íç–Öé–Àà̖˯–âÎèÌ–Óì–Üà–ÆêÍ ãÖß âÉèӖΊÞÓ–æΖȋ×Ç–Â×àÓ–Åà–ÓàÈ–ÁÜà ˊàÌ Ìàà Óç–ÕêÌ Íðà× ãÖß ËêÓ–ÃàÌ–ÁÜÖâѯ̖˯–ÝÞÍ–ÝÞÖÑà–Åà–ÜèÖÀéÈ ãÖß ãΖÑà–Åà–ÜèÖÀéÈ–âÎèÌ–Ñà–Åà–Öà× ãÖß ÄàÀ–Ñà–Åà–Öà×–âÎèÌ–Ñà–Åà–ÜèÖÀéÈ Æ±Ã–É‹ÜÖÜà–æÅ–Â×àÓ–Ýï‹ ãÖß Â×àÓ–âÁ¿à–åÄ–âÎèÌ–ÔŠàÖÈê–âѲܖåØ‹–æÈ‹–ÏíÌ–Ãà̖˯–Èê–âÖêÈ.

Ñ×À–âÝíà–Áç–Åß–ãÈÖÂ×àÓ–Ýï‹–ÍîÌ–ÂîÌ–Ìá–ËŠàÌ äÕ–âÍêÈËš Íðà× Ë¯–âÎèÌ–Ïï‹–ÜÜÀ–ãÍÍ–ÀðàÍ–ÒéÀ ãÖß ÝèÍ–ÏéÈ–ÆÜÍ–ãÏÌ–ÃàÌ–Ñ‹ÜÓ–ËèÖÜÜÀ–ãÍÍ–Ù‹à–ÎíÀ–ÁÜÖκӖãÏ̖˯–̸–Ìá. âѯ̖æÈ‹–ËîŠÓ–â×–Öà ãÖß Â×àÓ–Àß–Éì–Öì–Ö¿Ì–ÔŠàÖÛ×ÖÛàÇ–åØ‹–ãÀŠ–äÂÖÀà̸̖ ƱÖÏíÌ–æÈ‹–ÝèÍ–À¡–Âì ÏíÌ–ÃàÌ–ÀàÌ–ÜÜÀ–ãÍÍ–ÁÜÖâѯ̖Èê–âÀêÌ–Â×àÓ–ÂàÈ–ÚàÇ–ÁÜÖÑ×À–âÝíà. Ñ×À–âÝíà–Áç–ÆíÓ–âÆêÇ ãÖß ÁÜÍ–åÄ–Ìá–âѯ̖Ûàǃ.

ÅîÈ–Ë‹àǖ̸ Ñ×À–âÝíà–ÔàÀ–ÁÜÍ–åÄ–Ï˯–À×È–Àà–κӖØíז̸ ˯–Ëá–ÀàÌ–À×È–Àà–ÔŠàÖÖß–ÜÞȖ˳זâÊéà ÀŠÜÌ–Äß–ÄèÈ–ÑéÓ ãÖß ÇèÖÓê–Á§–ãÌß–Ìá–Åß–âÙê–âѲܖÎèÍ–ÎîÖåØ‹–ÓèÌ–Èê–ÁºÌ. Ñ×À–âÝíà–Áç–Åß–ãÈÖÂ×àÓ–Ýï‹–ÍîÌ–ÂîÌ–Ìá ËŠàÌ ÄèÌ–Ëß–×íà æÆ–Çß–ÅéÈ, ËŠàÌ Åß–æÓ–ÄèÌ ÍîÍ–Ïà ãÖß ÈÕ. äËÓ–èÅ äÀ–âÖ¯ Åá–ÖèÍ–ÀàÌ– Îß–ÀÜÍ–ÅŠ×Ì–Âá–âØèÌ–ÜèÌ–Óê–Šà–ÁÜÖÑ×À–âѯÌ.

–ãÖß ÅîÈ–Ë‹àǖ˯–Åá–ÂèÌ–Í¡–Ù‹ÜÇ–æΖÀ׊à–ÀèÌ–ãÓŠÌ–Ñ×À–âÝíà–ÔàÀ–Åß–ãÈÖÂ×àÓ–ÁÜÍ–åÄ–Ìá–ÜíÖÀàÌ–ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà ãÖß ÝŠ×Ó–Óì–ÁÜÖÎß–âËÈ–Åß–×éÈÅš (SDC) ˯–âÝèÈ–åØ‹–ÀàÌ–ÄèÈ–ÑéӖκӖãÏ̖˯–̸–âÀêÈ–ÁºÌ–æÈ‹, Í¡–Åß–âÑàß–ÀàÌ–Åß–ÙèÍ Åß–ÙïÌ–ËàÖȋàÌ–ÀàÌ–âÃéÌ–â˳à–Ì´Ì–ãÉŠ–ÇèÖåØ‹–Â×àÓ–Ù´Ì–åÄ ãÖß ÀàÌ–ÆŠ×Ç–âÛìÜ–ãÀŠ–Ñ×À–âÝíà–ÔŠàÖɡ–â̲ÜÖÉß–ÛÜÈ–æÖ–Çߖ˯–Èá–âÌêÌ–äÂÖÀàÌ. Ñ×À–âÝíà–ÔàÀ–Áç–ÁÜÍ–åÄ–Ìá–ÓïÌ–Ìé–Ëé–×é–Ëß–Çà–ÅàÈ–ã؊ÖÆàÈ–ÁÜÖÎß–âËÈ–Åß–×éÈÅš (SNSF) ãÖß ÅïÌ–âѲܖÀàÌ–ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà ãÖß ÅªÃ–ã×–ÈÖ‹ÜÓ (CDE) Åá–ÖèÍ–ÀàÌ–Åß–ÙèÍ–Åß–ÙïÌ–âѯӖâÉêÓ–È‹àÌ–ÀàÌ–âÃéÌ–ãÀŠ–äÂÖÀàÌ ãÖß ÀàÌ–ÉÜÍ–Åß–ÙÜÖȋà̖ܲ̃ ãÖß âÝèÈ–åØ‹–Àà̖¿̖Â׋à–âÎèÌ–æΖæÈ‹, ƱÖÓèÌ–æÈ‹–Ƹ–ËéÈ–âÇìÜÖËàÖåØ‹–âØèÌ–ÍèÌ–Øà–Éí×–ÄéÖåÌ–äÖÀ ãÖß Îß–ÀÜÍ–ÅŠ×Ì–âÁ¿à–åÌ–ÀàÌ–ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà–ãÍÍ–ÇìÌ–ÇíÃ.

Peter Messerli, Andreas Heinimann, Michael Epprecht, ËŠàÌ Ìàà ÑÜÌÅàÖê ÅîÀÅßØ×èÈ, ËŠàÌ Ìàà ËéÖàÂà ÄèÌËßÖàÌî×íà ãÖß Nicholas MinotâÈìÜÌ ÀèÌÇà 2008

åÌ–Áß–Ìߖ˯–Ñ×À–âÝíà–Êì–κӖ̸–ÔåÌ–Óì, ÜàÈ–Äß–Öì–Ó׊à–Óê–ÛàÇ–Âí̖˯–æÈ‹–Îß–ÀÜÍ–ÅŠ×Ì–ÔŠàÖÛ×ÖÛàÇ–âÁ¿à–åÌ–ÎºÓ Øíז̸; ƱÖÑ×À–âѯ̖æÈ‹–ËîŠÓ–âË–Â×àÓ–ÓîŠÃ–Ú´Ì ãÖß â×–Öà–âÎèÌ–â×–Öà–ÛàÇ–âÈìÜÌ åÌ–æÖ–Çß–ÅÜÖÎê–˯–ÏŠàÌ–Óà. ÀàÌ–Å‹àÖκӖãÏ̖˯–̸–ÁºÌ–Óà–âÎèÌ–Îß–ÅíÍ–Àà̖˯–Ù‹à–ɲ̖âÉ´Ì, ãÉŠ–ÓèÌ–Äß–âÎèÌ–æΖ͡–æÈ‹–Ê‹à–ØàÀ–ÁàÈ–ÀàÌ–Üî–ËéÈ–ÉíÌ ÁÜÖÍîÀ–ÂíÌ–âÛ³à–̸.

ÀŠÜ̖̖ܲÚíÈ–Ñ×À–âÝíà–Áç–Åß–ãÈÖÂ×àÓ–åÄ–É¡–Ñß–ÌèÀ–ÃàÌ–ÁÜÖÀíÓ–Åß–Êé–Éé, Àß–Æ×ÖãÏÌ–ÀàÌ ãÖß ÀàÌ–ÖíÖËëÌ, âÎèÌ–Ïï‹–Óê–ÍíÈ–ÍàȖ˯–Óê–Âî̖Šà–Åá–Âè̖ƱÖ͡–ÑÞÖãÉŠ–Å‹àÖÏíÌ–Åá–âÖèÈ–åÌ–ÀàÌ–Åá–Û×È ÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜà ãÖß Ë¯–ÔÜà–åÅ åÌ–Îê 2005 æ׋–åØ‹, ãÉŠ–ÇèÖæÈ‹–Îß–ÀÜÍ–ÅŠ×Ì–ÔŠàÖɴÖًà–åØ‹–ãÀŠ–äÂÖÀàÌ åÌ–Ûàǃ È‹à̖˯–ãÉÀ–ÉŠàÖÀèÌ. ÑàÇ–åÉ‹–Àà̖Ƹ–Ìá–ÁÜÖˊàÌ–Øí×–Ù‹à–ÀíÓ, ËŠàÌ ÈÕ. Åß–æÓ–ÄèÌ ÍîÍ–Ïà, Ñ×À–âÝíà–æÈ‹–ÝèÍ–ÏíÌ–Îß–äØÇÈ–ÄàÀ ÀàÌ–ÝŠ×Ó–Óì–ÀèÍ ËŠàÌ Ìàà Ëé–Öß–Âà ÄèÌ–Ëß–Öà–Ìî–×íà ƱÖåØ‹–Â×àÓ–æÀ‹–ÆéÈ–ÉéÈ–ãËÈ ÔŠàÖÓê–Îß–ÅéÈ–Ëé–ÑàÍ. ǪÖæΖÀŠ×–à–Ì´Ì, ËŠàÌ ÀªÃ–âÑèÈ ÜèÈ–Åß–Ìß–×íà æÈ‹–åØ‹–ÀàÌ–ÆŠ×Ç–âÛìÜ–È‹àÌ–âÉèÀ–ÌéÀ–˯–Åá–ÂèÌ–åÌ–ÀàÌ–Àß–ÀÞÓ ãÖß ×é–âÂàß–Á§–ÓïÌ. Ñ×À–âÝíà–Åß–ãÈÖÂ×àÓ–ÁÜÍ–åÄ–Ìá–ËîÀƒ–ËŠàÌ–Åá–ÖèÍ–×ÞÀ–ÃàÌ–ÜèÌ–Ñ¿Ì–âȨ̖ÁÜÖÑ×À–âѯ̖Ñé–âÅÈ ËêÓ–ÃàÌ–×é–Æà–ÀàÌ. Áç–Åß–ãÈÖÂ×àÓ–Ýï‹–ÍîÌ–ÂîÌ–É¡ ËŠàÌ ÍîÌ–Ëß–×ê Åê–Åî–ÑèÌ–ËÜÃ, ÝÜÖÖèÈ–Êß–ÓíÌ–Éê Àß–Æ×ÖãÏÌ–ÀàÌ ãÖß ÀàÌ–ÖíÖËëÌ æÈ‹–åØ‹–ÀàÌ–ÆŠ×Ç–âÛìܖ˯–Óê–Âî̖Šà–É¡–ÀàÌ–Å‹àÖκӖãÏ̖˯–Øíז̸. äÈÇ–Åß–âÑàß–Âá–Ƹ–ãÌß–Ëàà ×àÓ–ÆŠÞ×–ÆàÌ ãÖß Â×àÓ–Àß–Éì–Öì–Ö¿Ì–ÁÜÖˊàÌ–â˳à–Ì´Ì ãÉŠ–ÇèÖãÓŠÌ ×é–æÅ–ËèȖ˯–Çà×–æÀ ãÖß Â×àÓ–ÆŠ×Ç–âÛìÜ åÌ–ÀàÌ–Üß–Ëé–ÍàÇ–Á§–ÓïÌ–ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–Á§–ÓïÌ–Åß–Êé–Éé–ÔŠàÖÄß–ãÄ‹Ã ãÖß ÀàÌ–Å‹àÖåØ‹–Óê–Á§–ÓïÌ–Åá–ÖèÍ–Ï˯–Å‹àÖÂ×àÓ ÉèÈ–ÅéÌ–åÄ ãÖß Åà–Ëß–Öß–Ìß–ÆíÌ.

äÂÖÀà̖ȨÖÀŠàז̸–Äß–ÄèȖɴÖÁºÌ–Óà–Í¡–æÈ‹–Ê‹à–ÁàÈ–ÀàÌ–ÆŠ×Ç–âÛìÜ–ÔŠàÖâÁ´Ó–ãÁà ãÖß É¡–â̲ÜÖÄàÀ–ÀÜÖâÖ–Áà Âß–Ìß–Àá–Óà–Ëé–ÀàÌ–ãÓŠ–ÌŸ–ÁÜÖã؊ÖÆà–ÈÖà× ÑàÇ–åÉ–Àà̖Ƹ–Ìá–ÄàÀ, ËŠàÌ ÄèÌ–Ëß–×íà æÆ–Çß–ÅéÈ. Ñ×À–âÝíà Áç–Åß–ãÈÖÂ×àÓ–Ýï‹–ÍîÌ–ÂîÌ–âÎèÌ–Ñé–âÅÈ–É¡–ÝÜÖÏï‹–Üá–Ì×Ç–ÀàÌ–åØÇŠ, ËŠàÌ Åî–Öß–æÆ Ñï–Óß–×íà âƪÖâÎèÌ–Ï˯–Öé–âÖ¯Ó–ãÌ× Â×àÓ–ÂéÈ–åÌ–ÀàÌ–Å‹àÖκӖãÏ̖˯–ȨÖÀŠà× ãÖß æÈ‹–åØ‹–ãÌ×–ÂéÈ ÝŠ×Ó–ÀèÍ–Ñ×À–âÝíà ãÖß åØ‹–ÀàÌ–ÆŠ×Ç–âÛìÜ–ÔŠàà âÉèÓ–ÅŠ×Ì–âѲܖâÝèÈ–åØ‹–ÓèÌ–Îß–ÀíÈ–ÏíÌ–âÎèÌ–ÄéÃ. ËŠàÌ ÅèÖÁàÌ ËŠÞÖËá–Óß–×íà À¡–Óê–ÍíÈ–ÍàÈ–Åá–ÂèÌ–åÌ–ÀàÌ ÝèÍ–ÏéÈ–ÆÜÍ–É¡–Ù‹à–×ÞÀ–˯–Åá–ÂèÌ–åØ‹–ãÀŠ–äÂÖÀàÌ. ÀàÌ–Îß–ÅàÌ–ÃàÌ–ÁÜÖäÂÖÀà̖˯–Óê–Îß–ÅéÈ–Ëé–ÑàÍ–Ç‹ÜÌ–ÀàÌ âÝèÈ–×ÞÀ–ÁÜÖËêÓ–ÃàÌ–ÁÜà Swiss NCCR North-South åÌÌßÂÜÌÛ×Ã×ÞÃÄèÌ, ƱÃÓê ËŠàÌ Ìàà ÓßÌêÖà ×çÖßÅàÌ. ÀàÌÆŠ×ÇâÛìÜ˯âÎèÌÎßäØÇÈÁÜà ˊàÌ ÜîÖà×èÌ ãÀ‹××éÖéÇß×íà åÌÛàÇÈ‹àÌ˯ãÉÀÉŠàÃÀèÌ À¡ÓêÂ×àÓÅáÂèÌâƨÌÈÞ×ÀèÌ.

ãÏ̖˯–ÛàÇ–ãϊ̖˯–Ìá–Åß–âÙê–Ôå̖κӖØíז̸–Äß–Í¡–Óê–Â×àÓ–âÎèÌ–Óì–Üà–ÆêÍ–Ê‹à–ØàÀ–ÁàÈ–Â×àÓ–Æá–ÌàÌ–È‹àÌ–×é–Æà–ÀàÌ ÁÜà ˊàÌ âÜ–ÈðŠÞÌ â×Í–âÍê ã؊ÖÅß–Êà–ÍèÌ–âÉèÀ–äÌ–äÖ–Æê ã؊ÖÖèÈ–Îß–âËÈ–Åß–×éÈÅš åÌ–Æï–Õé–Ä, Îß–âËÈ Åß–×éÈÅš–âÆê–ãÖÌ. ËŠàÌ–Í¡–ÑÞÖãÉŠ–ÆŠ×Ç–âÛìÜ–Ñ×À–âÝíà–åÌ–È‹àÌ–×é–Æà–ãÉ‹Ó–ãÏ̖˯ ãÖß GIS â˳à–Ì´Ì, ãÉŠ–âѯ̖Çèà Ñß–Çà–ÇàÓ–ÎèÍ–ÎîÖÂîÌ–Ìß–ÑàÍ–Á§–ÓïÌ–ÄàÀ–ÛàÇ–ãۊÖ˯–ãÉÀ–ÉŠàÖÀèÌ–åØ‹–Èê–ÁºÌ–Ìá–ÜêÀ.

xix

Acknowledgements

Further support in cartography was also provided by the Centre for Develop-

ment and Environment (CDE) at the University of Bern, Switzerland. Cornelia Hett

and Kaspar Hurni made important contributions, for which we would like to thank

them very much.

These maps would not be very useful if there were not the explanatory texts ac-

companying them. Tremendous efforts were put into these texts and we are most

grateful to all contributing authors mentioned on page 7. These texts were care-

fully revised by Dr. Kay Panzer of Germany, who invested a lot of time and com-

mitment and we would like to express our most sincere thanks to him. At the same

time we enjoyed the exceptionally efficient and professional services of Ms. Mau-

reen Brown and her team who managed the English editing and all Lao to English

translations and vice versa with so much knowledge and understanding leading to

an excellent result.

We owe a lot to Mr. Robert Brown, graphic designer, who was responsible for

the layout as well as the design of the front cover of this Atlas. He has invested an

incredible amount of time and personal enthusiasm into this project leading to a

result, which is far above our initial expectations in terms of design. We highly ap-

preciate this and thank him very much.

Finally we would also like to thank the reviewers of this book who checked it

thoroughly before print and made important suggestions for improvement. We are

grateful to Mr. Chanthavong Saignasit, Mr. Samaychanh Boupha and Dr. Thomas

Kohler for their work and comments.

Last but not least, we would like to express our thanks to the Swiss Agency

for Development and Cooperation (SDC) for making this Atlas possible, not only

through the financial support but also by providing us continuous support and

confidence throughout the project. We would also like to thank the Swiss National

Science Foundation (SNSF) and the Centre for Development and Environment (CDE)

for further financial and in-kind support of the project and for making research

possible, which is oriented towards concrete real-world problems and committed

to sustainable development.

Peter Messerli, Andreas Heinimann, Michael Epprecht,

Phongsaly Souksavath, Thiraka Chanthalanouvong and Nicholas Minot.

September 2008

As we hold this book in our hands, it may be easy to forget the many people

who have contributed so much to it; who have invested so much time and commit-

ment for several months over the past two years. The production of this atlas has

been a very exciting experience, yet it would not have been possible without the

dedication of the following people.

First we would like to thank the staff of the Department of Statistics (DOS) of

the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI), who played an invaluable role not

only in making the Population Census 2005 available, but also by making active

contributions to the project in many different ways. Under the guidance of the

Director General, Mr. Samaychan Boupha we benefited from a very close and ef-

ficient collaboration with Mrs. Phonsaly Souksavath, Deputy Director General, and

Mrs. Thiraka Chanthalanouvong. Furthermore, Mr Kingphet Atsanavong provided

crucial technical assistance in data preparation and analysis. We would like to

thank all of them for their outstanding work. Mr. Bounthavy Sisouphanthong, Vice-

Minister of the Ministry for Planning and Investment also gave us valuable support.

We would like to thank him not only for his expertise and enthusiasm but also for

his foresight and support in making the statistical data spatially explicit and avail-

able to decision-makers and the public.

This project could not have been set up without the strong and continuous

help provided by the Lao National Mekong Committee Secretariat (LNMCS) under

its Director General, Mr. Chanthavong Saignasit. We are especially grateful to the

Deputy Director General, Mr. Sourasay Phoumavong, for sharing with us the idea

of the atlas from the very beginning and giving us his full support to make it hap-

pen. Mr Sangkahne Thiangthammavong also played an important role in handling

many important tasks for the project. The project coordination was efficient thanks

to the team of the NCCR North-South office in Vientiane, namely Ms. Manila

Vorasarn. The flexible support of Mr. Oulavanh Keovilignavong in many different

domains was very important as well.

Many of the maps presented in this book would not look so professional with-

out the expertise of Mr. Adrian Weber of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

in Zurich, Switzerland. Not only did he support us very competently in cartography

and GIS, but he also made extraordinary efforts to improve data quality from dif-

ferent sources.

xxi

ÍíÈ–Ìá

ÜèÈ–Éà–ÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜÖ˯–Óê–ÂîÌ–ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìß Åß–âÑàß Ûì Îß–âÑÈ–ÁÜÖÉíזƸ–×èÈ–ØÖèÀ–åÈ–Ù±Ã. ×é–Ëêƒ ÅÜÃ, âѯ̖æÈ‹–åÆ‹–ÄîÈ–Ì‹Üǃ ãÖß â²ÜÖÚàÇ–Åß–ãÈà ÍÜÀ–Éí×–âÖÀ–Á§–ÓïÌ âƨ̖׊à Âí̖˯–Óê–ÂîÌ–ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìß–Åß–âÑàß. ÄàÀ–ÀàÌ–Åß–ãÈÖÄá–Ì×Ì–Åß–âÑàß–ÁÜÖÂíÌ–Öíà åÅŠ–ÄîÈ–Ù±Ã, À¡–Äß–âØèÌ–æÈ‹–ÀàÌ–ãÄÀ–ÔàÇ–Äá–Ì×Ì–ÄîÈ–ËèÖÚíÈ–ãÍÍ–Åß–Úœ–Åß–âÚê–å̖˳זÝïÍ–ÛàÇ–È‹àÌ–ÁÜÖ͋àÌ. Ç‹Ü̖׊à–Åß–ÚîÈ–ãÏ̖˯–̸–Óê–ÄîÈ–ÚàÇ–Äß–Àá–ÌíÈ–åØ‹–âØèÌ–ÝïÍ–ãÍÍ–ËàÖȋàÌ–ÑïÓ–ÅèÌ–ÊàÌ–ÜêÖÉàÓ–ÂîÌ–ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìß ÁÜÖâÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ-ÅèÖÂíÓ ÛàÇ–À׊à–˯–Äß–Åß–ãÈ֊à–ÜèÌ–ãÌŠ–ÌÜ̖˯–Åà–ÓàÈ–Ñé–ÅïÈ–æÈ‹–åÌ–Åß–âÑàß–Í‹àÌ–åȖٱà Åß–Ì´Ì–äÈÇ–Ë³× æΖãÖ‹× âѯ̖Äß–Í¡–ÇíÀ–âÜíà–ãÏ–Ì×àÈ–âÅ´Ì–Åß–ãÈÖ͋à̖˯–Óê–ÛàÇ–È‹àÌ–ÁºÌ–Óà–åØ‹–âØèÌ–âÎèÌ–ÄîÈ–âȨÌ.

κӖãÏ̖˯–̸–æÈ‹–ã͊ÖÜÜÀ–âÎèÌ 9 ÑàÀ–˯–Åá–ÂèÌ. ÑàÀ–˯–ٱÖÂì–ÑàÀ A âÎèÌ–ÑàÀ–Åß–ãÈÖÑà–ÍÖ×Ó–È‹àÌ–ÉŠàà ÁÜÖÑïÓ–ÅèÌ–ÊàÌ–ÁÜà ÅÎÎ Öà× âƨÌ: Ýï–ÍÖèÀ–Åß–ÌߖѺ̖˯–Ù‹à–ÈéÌ, ÀàÌ–ÂíÓ Óß–Ìà–ÂíÓ–Áí̖ųÃ, ˯–ÈéÌ ãÖß ÑºÌ–Ë¯–Ίà–æÓ‹–ÎíÀ–ÂîÓ, âÁÈ–ÀàÌ–ÎíÀ–ÂÜÃ, ãÖß Ü²Ìƒ. ãÏ̖˯–åÌ–ÑàÀ–̸ ãÓŠÌ–æÈ‹–Á§–ÓïÌ–Óà–ÄàÀ–ãۊÖɊàà ãÖß æÈ‹–Åß–ãÈÖæ׋–åÌ–â²ÜÖÚàÇ–ÁÜÖãÏ̖˯. ÑàÀ–Ëê–ÅÜà Âì ÑàÀ B âÎèÌ ÑàÀ–Îß–ÀÜÍ–È‹×Ç–ãÏ̖˯–ÂîÌ ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìߖ˳זæΖÁÜÖÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜà ãÖß ÑàÀ–˯–ÅàÓ Âì ÑàÀ C Åß–ãÈÖåØ‹–âØèÌ–ÍèÌ–Øà–ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–ÀàÌ–ÇíÀ–Ç‹àÇ ÁÜÖÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜÃ. ÑàÀ–Ëê 4 Âì ÑàÀ D âÎèÌ–Ñà–ÀÖ×Í Ö×Ó–âÜíà–È‹àÌ–ÉŠàà ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–ÀàÌ–Ýï‹–ÙèÖÅì ãÖß ÀàÌ–ÅëÀ–Åà. ÅŠ×Ì–ÑàÀ–É¡–æÎ Âì ÑàÀ E âÎèÌ–ÑàÀ–Üß–Ëé–ÍàÇ–ÂîÌ–ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìß–Åá–ÂèÌ–ËàÖȋàÌ–Åà–Ëà–Öß–Ìß–ÅîÀ. ÑàÀ–Ëê 6 Âì ÑàÀ F âÎèÌ–ÑàÀ–Åß–ãÈÖÁ§–ÓïÌ–ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–ÀîŠÓ–ÆíÌ–âϳà ãÖß ÅàÈ–Åß–Ùà–ÀŠÜ̖˯–Äß–Åß–ãÈà åØ‹–âØèÌ–ÉíזƸ–ÍÜÀ–ÉŠàÖÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–ÀéÈ–Äß–Àá–âÅÈ–Êß ÀéÈ–ÔåÌ–ÑàÀ G. ÑàÀ H âÎèÌ–ÑàÀ–ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–Åß–ÑàÍ âòÜÌ–æÁ–È‹àÌ–ÀàÌ–âÎèÌ–ÔÁÜÖÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜà âƪÖâÎèÌ ãÏ̖˯–ÆîÈ–ÅîÈ–Ë‹àÇ–ÄàÀ–Á§–ÓïÌ–ÀàÌ–Åá–ØÖ×È–Îß–Æà–ÀÜÌ åÌ–Îê 2005. ÅîÈ–Ë‹àÇ, ÑàÀ–Ëê I Åß–ãÈÖãÏ̖˯–ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìß–æÖ–Çß–ÀàÌ–ãÄÀ–ÔàÇ–âÁȖѺ̖˯–Â×àÓ ËîÀ–ÇàÀ–åÌ ÅÎÎ Öà×

ÍíÈ–Üß–Ëé–ÍàÇ–Îß–ÀÜÍ–ÀèÍ–ãÉŠ–Öß–ãÏ̖˯ å̖κӖØíז̸–ãÓŠÌ–æÈ‹–ÁÞÌ ãÖß ÝÞÍ–ÝÞÖäÈÇ–ÛàÇ–ËŠàÌ–ÄàÀ–ÛàÇ–Åß–Êà–ÍèÌ. ÄîÈ–Îß–ÅíÖÁÜÖÍíÈ–Üß–Ëé–Íàǖ̸–ãÓŠÌ–âѲܖãÌß–Ìá ËŠàÌ–Ïï‹–ÜŠàÌ–åÌ–â×–Öà–âͪà ãÏ̖˯ ãÖß Ñ‹ÜÓ–ÀèÌ Ì´Ì–ÍíȖȨÖÀŠà×–À¡–ÇèÖÇíÀ–åØ‹–âØèÌ–Á§–ÓïÌ–ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–ÉíזƸ–ÍÜÀ–Åß–âÑàß–Ìá–ÜêÀ–È‹×Ç. ÌÜÀ–ÄàÀ–Ì´Ì, Ïï‹–ÁÞÌ–ÍàÖˊàÌ À¡–ÇèÖƸ–ãÌß–åØ‹–Ýï‹–Â×àÓ–ÚàÇ–ÁÜÖãÏ̖˯–âÛ³à–Ì´Ì–Ìá. Â×Ì–âÁ¿à–åĖ׊à–ÀàÌ–åØ‹–Âá ãÌß–Ìá–åÌ–ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìߖ̸–À¡–ãÓŠÌ âѲܖÀß–ÉîÀ–ÆîÀ–Çï‹–ËŠàÌ–Ïï‹–ÜŠàÌ–åØ‹–Éê–Â×àÓ–ÚàÇ–ÝïÍ–ãÍÍ–ÀàÌ–Àß–Äàǖ˯–ɴÖåÌ–ãÏ̖˯–ãÉŠ–Öß–Åß–ÍèÍ. ÜêÀ–È‹àÌ–Ù±Ã, Áç–Åß–âÙê–åØ‹–Ïï‹–ÜŠà̖ijÖÎÞÍ–ËÞÍ–ãÏ̖˯–äÈÇ–âÎêÈ–æΖâÎéÈ–Óà–âͪÖåØ‹–˳זå̖ιӖÅß–ÚîÈ–ãÏ̖˯–âѲܖÀ×È–Øà–Â×àÓ Åá–ÑèÌ–ÀèÌ, ÀàÌ–É¡–âÉêÓ–âÅêÓ–ÀèÌ ãÖß ÀàÌ–ÆŸ Æ‹ÜÌ–ÀèÌ ÁÜÖÂîÌ–ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìß–ËàÖȋàÌ–âÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ–ÅèÖÂíÓ.

κӖãÏ̖˯–̸–Å‹àÖÁºÌ–Óà–À¡–âѲܖÄîÈ–Îß–ÅíÖãÌŠ–åÅŠ–âÝèÈ–ãÌ×–åÈ–åØ‹–ÀàÌ–ãÄÀ–ÔàÇ–æΖÝÜÈ–æΖâÊéÖÓì–ÁÜÖˊàÌ–Ïï‹–ÜŠàÌ–ÛàÇ–ÂíÌ–â˳à–˯–Äß–ÛàÇ–æÈ‹. ãÏ̖˯–̸–Îß–ÀÜÍ–È‹×Ç–Åß–Êé–Éé–Á§–ÓïÌ–ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–ÂîÌ–ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìß–âÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ–ÅèÖÂíÓ ãÖß ÀàÌ–ãÄÀ–ÔàÇ–ÁÜÖÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜÖÖàז˯–âÎèÌ–Ù‹à–ÅíÌ–åÄ–ÔŠàÖǪÖÅá–ÖèÍ–ÍèÌ–Èà ËŠàÌ Ïï‹–ÜŠà̖˳זæÎ, ÌèèÀ–ÅëÀ–Åà ãÖß ÌèÀ–¿̖Â׋à, Ïï‹–ÉèÈ–ÅéÌ–ÍèÌ–Øà ãÖß Ïï‹–Àá–ÌíÈ–Ìß–äÇ–ÍàÇ. ÌÜÀ–ÄàÀ–̸–Ñ×À–âÝíà–ÇèÖÑß–Çà–ÇàÓ–ÎèÍ–ÎîÖâѲܖâÁ¿à–æΖØà–Á§–ÓïÌ–Éí×–ÄêÖ˯–Óê–ÔïŠ ãÖß ËèÖ̸–À¡–âѲܖÎèÍ–Îîà ãÖß âÅêÓ–Áß–ØÇàÇ–Â×àÓ–Ý˳זæΖÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–Åß–ÑàÍ âÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ-ÅèÖÂíÓ–È‹×Ç–×é–Ëê–ÀàÌ–ãÄÀ–ÔàÇ–Åß–ÚîÈ–ãÏ̖˯ ̸–ÜÜÀ–ÅÅèÖÂíÓ–åØ‹–À׋àÖÁ×àÖäÈÇ–ÏŠàÌ–ÜíÖÀàÌ ÄèȖɴÖÀàÌ–ÎíÀ–ÂÜÖÁÜÖÖèÈ–Êß–ÍàÌ ãÖß ÜíÖÀàÌ–Íç–Öé–ØàÌ ãÖß Åß–Êà–ÍèÌ–ÀàÌ–ÅëÀ–Åà–ÉŠàà ыÜÓ–Ëèà ãÄÀ–ÔàÇ–æΖÅ؋ÜÖÅß–ÚîÈ–Åà–Ëà–Öß–Ìß ãÖß ÏŠàÌ–ËàÖÜéÌ–âÉê–âÌèÈ–âѲܖåØ‹–ÍîÀ–ÂíÌ–Ï˯–Óê Â×àÓ–ÅíÌ–åĖ˳זæΖåÌ ÅèÖÂíÓ–Óê–äÜ–ÀàÈ–æÈ‹–ÜŠàÌ ãÖß ÆíÓ–åÆ‹–ÀèÌ–ÔŠàÖ˳זâÊéÃ. Ñ×À–âÝíà–Ø×èÖ׊à–ÎºÓ ãÏ̖˯–ÆîȖ̸–Äß–âÎèÌ–ÎèÈ–åÄ Ù±Ã–Ë¯–ÆŠ×Ç–Àß–ÉîÀ ÆîÀ–Çï‹–ÅèÖÂíÓ–åØ‹–âÀêÈ–ÀàÌ–ÅíÌ–Ëß–Ìà–ÀèÌ–ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–ÂîÌ–ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìß–âÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ–ÅèÖÂíÓ–ÁÜÖÎß–âËÈ ãÖß ÀàÌ–ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà–Îß–âËÈ–ÆàÈ–åÌ–Üß–Ìà–ÂíÈ. È‹×Ç–×ê–Ëê–Àà̸̖ Ñ×À–âÝíà–Ø×èÖ׊à Äß–âÎèÌ–ÀàÌ–Îß–ÀÜÍ ÅŠ×Ì–Åá–ÂèÌ–âÁ¿à–åÌ–ÀàÌ–âƲÜÓ É¡–Â×àÓ–Ýï‹ ãÖß ÀàÌ–ÉèÈ–ÅéÌ–åÄ Æ±Ã–Äß–Ìá–æΖÅÀàÌ–ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà ÜèÌ–ÇìÌ–Çíà ãÖß Óê–Â×àÓ–Åß–âÚê–ÑàÍ–åÌ–ÅèÖÂíÓ–ÁÜà ÅÎÎ Öà×.

ÖèÈ–Êß–ÍàÌ ÅÎÎ Öà× Ñ‹ÜÓ–È‹×Ç–Â݊×Ó–ÃàÌ–È‹àÌ–ÀàÌ–ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà–Åà–ÀíÌ–æÈ‹–åØ‹–Âá–Ù´Ì–ÅèÌ–Çà–׊à–ÀàÌ–Èá–âÌêÌ–ÀàÌ–Øè̖ΊÞÌ–äÜ–ÀàÈ–ÀàÌ–ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà–âÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ–åÌ–Îß–Äî–ÍèÌ–æΖÅÀàÌ–ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà–ãÍÍ–ÇìÌ–ÇíÖâѲܖÌá–âÜíà–ÏíÌ–Îß–äØÇÈ–Óà–ÅÎß–âËÈ–ÆàÈ. âÄÈ–Äá–ÌíÖÜè̸̖–ÓèÌ–ÅŠÜÖãÅÖåØ‹–âØè̖׊à–ÀàÌ–ÉèÈ–ÅéÌ–åÄ–åÌ–ÀàÌ–ãÆÀ–ãÆÖÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ ×ÞÀ–ÃàÌ–ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà ãÖß ×ÞÀ–ÃàÌ–Ìß–äÇ–ÍàÇ–ÁÜÖÖèÈ–Êß–ÍàÌ–ãÓŠÌ–æÈ‹–Èá–âÌêÌ–æΖÍí̖Ѻ̖ÊàÌ–Â×àÓ–Ýï‹–Â×àÓ–âÁ¿à–åÄ–ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–Áß–Í×Ì–ÀàÌ–ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà–ÉŠàà ˯–æÈ‹–Èá–âÌêÌ–Óà ãÖß ÜêÖåÅŠ–ÏíÌ–æÈ‹–ÝèÍ, Åß–Êà–Ìß–ÑàÍ–Ëàà ȋàÌ–âÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ ãÖß ÅèÖÂíÓ. Â×àÓ–Ýï‹–Îß–ÅíÍ–Àà̖ȨÖÀŠà×–ÌÜÀ–ÄàÀ–Äß–Åß–Ë‹ÜÌ–åØ‹–âØèÌ–Ñà–ÍÖ×Ó–ÁÜÖˊà–ÜŠÞà ãÖ‹×–À¡–Çèà Åß–ÙÜÖÑàÍ–Öß–ÜÞÈ–ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–ÝïÍ–ãÍÍ–ÀàÌ–Àß–ÄàÇ–Â×àÓ–ãÉÀ–ÉŠàÖËàÖȋàÌ–âÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ–ÅèÖÂíÓ Ìá–ÜêÀ–È‹×Ç.

κӖãÏ̖˯–âÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ-ÅèÖÂíÓ–Øíז̸–æÈ‹–Åß–ãÈÖåØ‹–âØèÌ–ÍàÖÉíזƸ–ÍÜÀ–ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–Åß–ÑàÍ–Óß–ÌîÈ–äÈÇ–Åß–âÑàß–ãÓŠÌ–É¡–ÀèÍ–Îß–Æà–ÆíÌ–Öà×. ÉíזƸ–ÍÜÀ–âÛ³à–Ì´Ì–Îß–ÀÜÍ–È‹×Ç–ÆîÈ–ãÏ̖˯–ÜèÌ–Öß–ÜÞÈ–ÂíÍ–Ê‹×̖˯–Åß–ãÈÖåØ‹–âØèÌ Îß–âÈèÌ–ÍèÌ–Øà–âÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ-ÅèÖÂíÓ–ÁÜÖÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜÖÖà×–åÌ–È‹àÌ–ÉŠàà ԊàÖÀ׋àÖÁ×àÃ. âÎè̖´ÖËá–ÜéȖ˯–æÈ‹–Ìá–âÜíà–Åß–Êé–Éé–Á§–ÓïÌ–ÄàÀ–ÀàÌ–Åá–Û×È–ÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜÖÓà–Àá–ÌíÈ–Å‹àÖâÎèÌ ãÏ̖˯ƒÓê–ÂîÌ–Ìß–ÑàÍ–ÅïÖÅß–ãÈÖåØ‹–âØèÌ–Åß–ÑàÍ–âÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ-ÅèÖÂíÓ–åÌ–ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìß–âÖéÀ–âƪÖÀ׋àÖÁ×àà ãÖß ËèÖãÇÀ–åØ‹–âØèÌ–ÀàÌ–ãÄÀ–ÔàÇ–ËàÖȋàÌ–Á§–ÓïÌ ãÖß Ë¯–ɴÖԊàà Öß–ÜÞÈ. ãÏ̖˯–ÅŠ×Ì–åØÇŠ ãÓŠÌ–æÈ‹–Åß–ãÈÖÑà–ÍÖ×Ó–åÌ–Öß–ÈèÍ–Í‹àÌ.

ãÏ̖˯–ËèÖÚíȖ˯–ÍèÌ–Äî–Ôå̖κӖãÏ̖˯–̸–ãÓŠÌ–ÜêÖåÅŠ–Á§–ÓïÌ–ÀàÌ–Åá–ØÖ×È–ÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜà ãÖß Ë¯–ÔÜà–åÅ åÌ–Îê 2005 äÈÇ–ãÓŠÌ–ÀíÓ–Åß–Êé–Éé (DOS) ÁÜÖÀß–Æ×ÖãÏÌ–ÀàÌ ãÖß ÀàÌ–ÖíÖËëÌ (MPI) âÎèÌ–Ïï‹–Èá–âÌêÌ–ÀàÌ Åá–ØÖ×È–ÇíÀ–â×´Ì–ãÏ̖˯–ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–Â×àÓ–ËîÀ–ÇàÀ–åÌ–ÑàÀ I ãÖß ãÏ̖˯–Ö×Ó–åÌ–ÑàÀ A. ÀàÌ–Åá–ØÖ×È ÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜà ãÖß Ë¯–ÔÜà–åÅ–åÌ–Îê 2005 ãÓŠÌ–æÈ‹–ÝèÍ–ÀàÌ–Åß–ÙèÍ–Åß–ÙîÌ–ÆŠ×Ç–âØÖìÜ–ËàÖȋàÌ–ÀàÌ–âÃéÌ ãÖß ×é–Æà–ÀàÌ–ÄàÀ–ÜíÖÀàÌ–ÑèÈ–Ëß–Ìà–Åà–ÀíÌ–ã؊ÖÎß–âËÈ–Åß–×ê–âÈèÌ (SIDA) ãÖß æÈ‹–À×Ó–âÜíà–ÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜÖËèÖÚíÈ Äá–Ì×Ì 5.6 Ö‹àÌ–ÂíÌ Üà–æÅ–ÔåÌ 950,251 Âí×–âÝìÜÌ–åÌ–Äá–Ì×Ì 10,547 Í‹àÌ. ËŠàÌ–Åà–ÓàÈ–âͪÖãÍÍ ÅÜÍ–ÊàÓ–æÈ‹–åÌ–ÑàÀ–âÜÀ–Àß–ÅàÌ–Æ‹ÜÌ–Ë‹àÇ–ÁÜÖÍíÈ–ÖàÇ–ÃàÌ–ÏíÌ–ÀàÌ–Åá–ØÖ×È–ÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜÖÎê 2005 (DOS, 2005). ÍíÈ–ÅÜÍ–ÊàÓ È¨Ã–ÀŠà×–Îß–ÀÜÍ È‹×Ç–Âá–ÊàÓ ÇŠÜÇ–Äá–Ì×Ì 34 Á§–˯–ÊàÓ–âÊéÖÂîÌ–ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìß–ÁÜà ÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜà ãÖß Âí×–âÝìÜÌ, ÀàÌ–ÅëÀ–Åà, ÀéÈ–Äß–Àá–âÅÈ–Êß–ÀéÈ, ÀàÌ–ÇíÀ–Ç‹àÇ–ÁÜÖÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜÃ, Åî–Áß–ÑàÍ ãÖß ÀàÌ–âÎèÌ–Ñé–ÀàÌ, ÍÜŠÌ–ÔÜà–æÅ ãÖß ÍèÌ–Øà–ܲ̃.

ÉíזƸ–ÍÜÀ–Â×àÓ–ËîÀ–ÇàÀ–ãÓŠÌ–ÜêÖåÅŠ–Éí×–âÖÀ–ÂàÈ–Âß–â̖˯–æÈ‹–Àá–ÌíÈ–ÁºÌ–äÈÇ–ÀàÌ–Ö×Ó–âÜíà–Éí×–ãΖÁÜà ÂîÌ–ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìß–ÁÜÖÂí×–âÝìÜÌ ãÖß Á§–ÓïÌ–ÀàÌ–åÆ‹–ÅÜÇ–åÌ–Âí×–âÝìÜÌ–ÄàÀ–ÀàÌ–Åá–ØÖ×Ȗ´Ö˯ III ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ ÀàÌ–åÆ‹–ÄŠàÇ ãÖß ÀàÌ–ÆíÓ–åÆ‹–ÁÜÖÂí×–âÝìÜ̖˯–æÈ‹–Îß–Éé–ÍèÈ–åÌ–Îê 2002/3 Ñ‹ÜÓ–È‹×Ç–Éí×–ãΖÂîÌ–ÖèÀ–Åß–Ìß ÁÜÖÂí×–âÝìÜÌ–ÄàÀ–ÀàÌ–Åá–ØÖ×È–ÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜà ãÖß Ë¯–ÔÜà–åÅ–åÌ–Îê 2005. Á§–ÓïÌ–âÛ³à–̸–ÆŠ×Ç–åØ‹–âÝíà Åà–ÓàÈ–ÂàÈ–Âß–âÌ–ÖàÇ–ÝèÍ–É¡–Øí×–ÂíÌ–ÁÜÖÑíÌ–Öß–âÓìÜÖÖà×–ËèÖÚíÈ. Swiss NCCR North-South ãÖß Åß–Êà–Íè̖¿̖Â׋à–Ìß–äÇ–ÍàÇ–Üà–ØàÌ–Åà–ÀíÌ (IFPRI) âÝèÈ–×ÞÀ–æΖыÜÓ–ÀèÌ–âѲܖŋàÖÉí×–ÂàÈ–Âß–âÌ–ÁºÌ–Óà–äÈÇ–Ìá–åÆ‹ ×é–Ëê–ÀàÌ–ÂàÈ–Âß–â̖Ѻ̖˯–Ì‹Üǃ. Á§–ÓïÌ–âѸӖâÉêÓ–Åà–ÓàÈ–ÆÜÀ–âͪÖæÈ‹–åÌ–ÑàÀ–Åß–âÑàß (ÑàÀ I) Ûì åÌ–ÍíÈ–ÖàÇ–ÃàÌ–âѸӖâÉêӖ˯–æÈ‹–ÄèÈ–ÑêÓ–ÂÞÖÂÀèÌ–ÀèÍ–Åß–ÚîÈ–ãÏ̖˯–˯–Óê–Ʋ–×Šà “Â×àÓ–ËîÀ–ÇàÀ ãÖß Â×àÓ Í¡–Åß–âÚê–ÑàÍ–åÌ ÅÎÎ Öà×: ÝïÍ–ãÍÍ–æÖ–Çß–ÀàÌ–ãÄÀ–ÔàÇ–ÉàÓ–ãÌז˯–É´Ã ãÖß Éí×–Àá–ÌíÈ ËàÖȋàÌ ÑïÓ–ÅèÌ–ÊàÌ” (Epprecht et al., 2008).

â׿à–Ö×Ó–ãÖ‹× ãÏ̖˯–âÛ³à–̸–ãÓŠÌ–Åß–ãÈÖåØ‹–âØèÌ–Á§–ÓïÌ–åÌ–Öß–ÈèÍ–Í‹àÌ. Á§–ÓïÌ–ÖàÇ–Öß–ÜÞȖ˯–ɴÖ͋àÌ ãÖß âÅ´Ì–×àÈ–ÁÜÖÝïÍ–ÛàÇ–Á‹àÖ˯–Åß–ãÈÖâÁȖѺ̖˯–ÁÜÖ͋àÌ–Äß–Åà–ÓàÈ–âØèÌ–æÈ‹–ÔåÌ–ÍíÈ–Üß–Ëé–ÍàÇ–ãÏ̖˯ A7. äÈǖ˳זæΖãÖ‹× ãÏ̖˯–åÆ‹–ÅÜÖ×é–Ëê–âѲܖÅß–ãÈÖÁ§–ÓïÌ–Í‹àÌ. ×é–Ëê–ٲÖ̴̖âѯ̖æÈ‹–åÆ‹–×é–Ëê–ÀàÌ–Öß–ÍàÇ–Åê–ÁÜÖÝïÍ Í‹à̖˯–Óê–ÛàÇ–È‹àÌ–âѲܖÜß–Ëé–ÍàÇ–Åß–Êé–Éé–Á§–ÓïÌ–äÈÇ–ÜêÖåÅŠ–Šà–Åß–âÖ¨Ç,

xxiii

Introduction

and markers are used to represent absolute numbers of data such as persons with

specific characteristics. By attributing a certain number of persons to one dot, the

total number of dots is then evenly distributed across the village polygon. Since it is

the intention of this Atlas to identify geographic patterns based on socio-economic

characteristics rather than to show exact values identifiable in a specific village, the

delineations of village polygons are generally not highlighted.

The Atlas is divided into nine main sections. The first, Section A provides an

overview of the geographical aspects of the Lao PDR, such as relief, transporta-

tion, land and forest cover, administrative divisions, etc. These maps are derived

from different sources indicated in the legends of the maps. The second, Section B

provides maps on the general demographic characteristics, while the third, Section

C illustrates migration issues. The fourth, Section D encompasses aspects of literacy

and education while the following section, Section E depicts major health charac-

teristics. The sixth section, Section F shows information on ethnicity and religion

before the different indicators on economic activities are presented in Section G.

Section H on living conditions shows the last set of maps referring to the 2005 Cen-

sus. Lastly, Section I presents maps relating to the spatial distribution of poverty in

the Lao PDR.

The explanatory texts accompanying the maps were prepared by a number of

different authors from different institutions. The aim of these texts is to guide the

reader when looking at the maps as well as providing general information on the

particular indicator. Moreover, some of the authors also provide basic interpre-

tations of the maps. These should be thought of as a means of stimulating and

encouraging the reader to interpret the spatial patterns on each map. Moreover, a

comparison of the different maps by browsing back and forth through the book in

order to detect correlations, supplements, and overlaps of different socio-economic

characteristics is strongly recommended.

This Atlas is intended to reach as wide an audience as is possible. It provides

interested general readers, students and researchers, policy- and decision-makers

with information on the socio-economic characteristics of the Lao population and

their spatial distribution. We have also tried to improve access to the existing infor-

mation and hence to improve general knowledge of the socio-economic situation

through making this atlas generally available by distributing it as widely as possible

through governmental and administrative channels, but also to educational institu-

tions, and to interested individuals through public libraries and the internet. We

hope that this Atlas will serve as a basis for stimulating discussions on the current

socio-economic characteristics of the country and on any future developments. In

this way we hope to have made an important contribution to linking knowledge

and decision-making and hence leading to the sustainable and equitable develop-

ment of the Lao PDR.

The Government of the Lao PDR and the international development partners

are committed to the transformation of the current opportunities for economic

development into sustainable development benefiting the whole country. This in-

tention implies that decisions on development interventions and policies are based

on the understanding and knowledge of the on-going development processes and

their outcomes in terms of the socio-economic situation. Such knowledge should

allow not only seeing the big picture of the overall trends but also providing a

detailed image of the spatial patterns of socio-economic disparities.

This Socio-Economic Atlas presents selected indicators of the human condition

of the peoples of the Lao PDR. It contains a comprehensive set of maps showing

a wide range of socio-economic aspects of the population of the Lao PDR. For the

first time, census data have been mapped with a high degree of spatial disaggrega-

tion. The majority of the maps presented are at the village level.

All the maps in this Atlas, with the exception of the poverty maps in Section

I and the general maps in Section A, are based on the National Population and

Housing Census of 2005 carried out by the Department of Statistics (DOS) of the

Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI). This was supported both financially and

technically by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and covered

more than 5.6 million individuals living in 950,251 households in 10,547 villages.

The questionnaire, which can be found as an annex to the report on the results

of the 2005 Census (DOS, 2005), comprised 34 questions covering population and

household characteristics, education, economic activities, migration, health and dis-

abilities, housing characteristics, etc.

The poverty indicators are based on estimates generated by combining variables

of household characteristics and expenditure data from the 2002/3 Lao Expendi-

ture and Consumption Survey (LECS) III with variables in household characteristics

from the 2005 National Population and Housing Census. This allowed an estimation

of the per capita income for the whole population. Using small-area estimation

methods, the estimates were generated in a collaborative effort undertaken by the

Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South and the In-

ternational Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Further information can be found

in the corresponding section (Section I) or in a complementary report published in

parallel to this Atlas entitled “Poverty and Inequality in the Lao PDR: Spatial pat-

terns and geographic determinants” (Epprecht et al., 2008).

The maps generally show data at the village level. Detailed information on vil-

lage locations and the delineation of polygons showing village areas can be found

in the descriptive text of Map A.7. In general the maps use two ways to represent

village data. On one hand the colouring of village polygons is used to depict sta-

tistical information based on average values, percentages of the population with

certain characteristics, or the main types of an indicator. On the other hand dots

xxv