“Soil fauna: key to soil organic matter
dynamics and modelling (KEYSOM)”
COST Action ES1406
Juan J. Jiménez (Chair), Juliane Filser (Vice chair)
@KeysomAction
Coimbra, 11-13 March 2019
Final Meeting
2
COST Actiono Main proposer (Action
chair)
o 96 preliminar
o 12 full proposal
o 7 selected for CSO hearings
o 4 finally selected
o Ours ranked 2nd !!!
o 16 march 2015, 1st MC (Bruselas)
PF
C
HS
SOM
Turnover
Molecular structure
Physical
heterogeneity
Humic
substances
Fire-
derived C
Soil
depth
Roots
Permafrost
Soil micro-
organisms
Main elements (Schmidt et al. 2011)
Soil fauna totally ignored!
Soil animals are crucial but not sufficiently acknowledged in SOM modelling.
COST Action ES1406: “Soil fauna: key to soil organic matter dynamics and modelling (KEYSOM)”
Filser, J. et al. 2016, Soil fauna: key to new carbon models. SOIL 2, 565-582.
COST Action ES1406
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Rationale
COST Action ES1406
Various forms & age
CO2
Litter
Soil
Organic carbon
Shoots
Roots
Soil biota
Exudates
Respiration
Photosynthesis
C-in C-out
leaching
C- sequestration
C in C out>erosion
De Deyn (2013)
• Biological transformation of SOM
• Stabilization of SOM in organo-mineral complexes (Δ turnover rates)
• Biogeochemical SOM models oversimplify soil community (or reduced to microbial
component)
• Soil fauna role in SOM dynamics: two rather different ways to explain processes: “food-
web vs. self-organization”
• The situation becomes perpetual.
Understanding and modelling SOM dynamics is essential for managing soilfertility, agricultural productivity and soil ecosystem services like nutrient cyclingand C sequestration.
COST Full proposal
Initial attempts by Sanders et al. (2014)
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A few challenges ……Literature Review and Gap Analysis
• How animal groups should be represented
• Geographical differences, site-specific effects
• Data
– Laboratory vs. field Scale
• How to cope with
– different methods, foci?
– the huge complexity?
• How much detail is needed?
COST Action ES1406
5
Trophic based below- and aboveground interactions
(Wardle et al. 2004; Osler and Sommerkorn 2007)
- Significant effects on nutrient pools and fluxes- Integration of biogeochemical and soil food web
models- Protists and bacteria-feeding nematodes
important for N mineralization- Enchytraeids and fungal-feeding micro-
arthropods important for DOM production
Focus: Element fluxes
direct pathway to plants indirect pathway to plants
root feeding fauna
mycorrhiza
pathogens
belowground
aboveground
food web
Macro-
aggregates
(>250 μm)
Micro-aggregates
(<250 μm)
Increased
mineralization
CO2 flux
Reduced
mineralization
CO2 flux
Larger macro-aggregates (casts, fecal pellets)
iPOM-clay
interaction
Fresh residues-micro-
organisms’ interaction
+ biogenic structures
iPOM
Fresh residues, litter
Macro-aggregate
Micro-aggregate
Focus: Habitat structure / physical conditions
Non-trophic interactions: Soil ecosystem engineering (sensu Jones et al. 1994)
Soil aggregate’s turnover affecting
SOM dynamics (soil fauna)
Soil Ecology views on soil fauna and SOM interactions
COST Action ES1406
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Which conceptual model to be
proposed?
De Ruiter et al. (1994)
NOT a single one, accepted by all of usCAN WE PROPOSE A SIMPLE AND OPERATIONAL MODEL
FOODWEBS SELF-ORGANIZED SOIL
Short sightedAllows precise modelingIgnores soil (structure)
Long sightedNo modeling done so far
Lavelle et al., 2006Microorganisms
Microfoodweb
Functionaldomain
Soil profile
Biogenic structures
Meso-aggregates
Microbialaggregates
Mosaic offunctionaldomains
4
5
3
1
Soil catena
Landscape
2
A theoretical attempt bySanders et al. (2014)
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Simple Model
EW example
Litter fragmentation and
distribution within
the soil profile
SOM
Digestion of a fraction
of the ingested SOM Stimulation
of some
micro-organisms
CO2CO2
Digestion of a fraction
of the ingested
micro-organisms
Protection of SOM
within soil aggregates ?
Positive
effect
on plant
growth
Feedbacks on
organic matter
inputs
(Barot et al., in prep.)
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Simple Model
EW example
(Barot et al., in prep.)
The model must incorporate the most important processes
controlled by soil fauna
The model relatively simple to allow mathematical analyses
The model to be used for any group of soil fauna or combination
of soil fauna groups (guilds, functional groups)
Litter fragmentation
Bioturbation
Consumption of SOM and stimulation of microorganisms
Protection of SOM in casts / pellets
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Simple Model
EW example
(Barot et al., in prep.)
Preliminary results
111
f btot
f f b S
S Rm m
Total stock of C without fauna
Total stock of C with fauna achieving all functions
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
en
f an b ep an f f
tot
ep an f f an b en oc
an b ep a
ep ep an an
yc
yc
e
ep an
ep e
n
n fp an a f
S en
e
n
n oc
m E E E
a aS R
E E m E
f f
f f
f
E m w
E E E
a wam E
E m
b
b c
m
b
wc
f
mc
Simple, right?
10
KEYLINK Model
(Deckmyn et al. and Flores et al. accepted)
A soil model conceived in COST actions BIOLINK (FP1305) and KEYSOM (ES1406) Gaby Deckmyn, Omar Flores and many more
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12
SOM (black) and litter (grey) for ten years of simulation with KEYLINK.
As executable or through Python
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COST Action ES1406
Working groups and tasks
Gender balance
WG 4 (Profs. J. P. Sousa/M.J.I. Briones)
Dissemination of results, knowledge management and material for training
and stakeholder purposes (effective decision-making influence);
WG1 (Prof. Juliane Filser)
Data sharing and information, state-of-the-art and gap
analysis of SOM – soil fauna interactions;
WG2 (Drs. S. Barot/G. Deckmyn)
Review existing global SOM models and analysis of their potentials and limitations for inclusion of soil fauna effects;
WG 3 (Dr. D. Hackenberger/Paul H. Krogh))
Assembling data from the different sites (studies) in a meta-database for further
analyses;
Expected benefits:
1. A network of experts in biogeosciences, soil ecology, SOM turnover,
microbiology, nutrient dynamics (N, P cycles), and modelling across Europe
2. knowledge gaps analysis and conceptual framework development for
guiding future research;
3. training the next generation of researchers;
Objective:
To implement the role of soil fauna into existing SOM models for
land use and natural resource management
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Status of Action: start and end dates of Action
16/03/2015 – 15/03/2019
Participating COST Countries, including ITC
28 countries (March 2018), including Turkey and Israel
ITC = Inclusiveness Target Countries
COST Action ES1406
Openness and inclusiveness
unrestricted access to
knowledge and information
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-Fully operative since February 2016 / last update March 2019;
-Info and ppts from Trainers for dissemination;
- Login access for all participants
(lack of contributions)
Webpage
www.keysom.eu
ESSEM COST Action ES1406
@KeysomAction
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GP4• Work and Budget Plan
Grant Amount allocated for GP4: ca. 125,000 € (later extended to 140 K €)
3rd Training School (Tartu; January 2019): 35-40K € (30 Trainees, 8-10 Trainers); From Soil Biodiversity assessment (methods and techniques) to SOM
dynamics; Trainer selection by Chair and Vice-chair; Invitations to other MC participants.
STSMs (6-7 ?): 17.5K € (focus on field experimentation and analysis)
Dissemination Activities:- Webpage maintenance: 1,450 €- ITC Meetings (3 candidates): 8,000 €- Others: 5,000 €
Italy MC and WG meeting: 36K € (Doodle poll) – September 2018
OERSA: 800 € (Bank fees)
COST Action ES1406
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Working Plan and Budget GP4(Grant period 4 : May 1 2018, 15 March 2019)
A – COST Networking Tools Estimated So far Forecast
(1) MEETINGS (MC and WG meetings) € 42,250 30,272.02 28,200
(2) TRAINING SCHOOLS € 36,970 31,795.95
(3) SHORT-TERM SCIENTIFIC MISSIONS € 17,500 22,600.00 2,500
(4) DISSEMINATION, PUBLICATIONS € 11,400 1,961.00 2,800
(5) OERSA (Othe Expenses Related to Scientific Activities) € 800
B – TOTAL SCIENCE EXPENDITURE [Σ (1) to (5)] € 108,920 77,198.97 122,392.1
C – FSAC (Financial and Scientific Administration and Coordination) (max.
15% of B)€ 16,080 11,579.85 18,358.82
B – TOTAL EXPENDITURE (B + C) € 125,000 88,778.82 140,750.93
COST Action ES1406
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- the same institution is not eligible for hosting more than one STSM within the same Grant Period;
- Announcement can be really open, applicants can do anything related to the MoU;
STSM for GP4 - Estimated
-Soil cores assessment (Monika Joschko);
-Isotope analysis (Lilian Ruess); Spanish PhD student: A. Rodriguez (UdL)
-One PhD student (Visa Nuutinen) – failed
-EW taxonmy skills (Maria Briones)
-Modelling issues (Gaby Deckmyn; J. Curiel’s PhD student: Omar Flores)
-Data matrix preparation of field experimentation (Juliane Filser);
-There is room for 5 more (please, participate!)
COST Action ES1406
!
12 STSMs
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Final Action Dissemination (FAD)
Final Action Dissemination (FAD) refers to outputs produced after the end
date of the Action in order to share and promote the COST Action’s results
among wider research community, policy makers, other stakeholders or EU
citizens. A fixed Grant up to 10,000 €.
FAD must be a direct result of work performed by the Action and must be co-
authored by Action Participants
Requests for a FAD Grant of up to EUR 10,000 takes shape in the form of a
FAD Grant request which must be sent to the Action Science Officer by the
Action Chair on behalf of the Action’s Action MC by no later than 6 months
before the official end date of the Action.
at: http://www.cost.eu/FAD_application_template.
FAD must be approved by both the Action MC and the
Action’s Science Officer
COST Action ES1406
Approved!
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Handbook of methods
- Links to short videos, Juliane Filser
a) Contents; introductory part
b) Field- and lab-based protocols?
c) Modelling protocols;
d) Addressing site-specific variations, i.e.
from Northern to Southern European
sites;
e) Downloadable from KEYSOM Website
and others.
f) List of contributors, institutions
Dissemination and advocacy training materials
COST Action ES1406
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COST Action ES1406
Common experimentation
protocol
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COST Action ES1406
Common experiment data compilation
- Basic soil data + functionality, i.e. NIR row scores + isotopes
At least 3 data matrices:
- EW data abundance and biomass
- DNA data (functional groups)
To be combined into one -> global analysis (mixed models?)
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Handbook – revise and edit each protocol, including the new
ones.
Final Action Dissemination (during the year)
Handbook
15 p. booklet (Core Group)
Papers writing (leading authors)
AOB?
Pending work
COST Action ES1406
“Soil fauna: key to soil organic matter
dynamics and modelling (KEYSOM)”
COST Action ES1406
@KeysomAction
25
Action facts:
COST Action ES1406
Start and end dates of Action. 16/03/2015 – 15/03/2019
Implementation of COST policies on:
a) Promotion of gender balance (2 WG Leaders) and Early Career Investigators (ECI)
b) Inclusiveness (MC and WG meetings in Inclusiveness Target Countries during
Grant Period 1, Croatia, Czech Republic, and Estonia during GP2; Training School in
Coimbra, Portugal during October 2016; MC and WG meeting in Romania during
GP3)
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From 01/06/2015 to 30/04/2016
Grant Period 1
COST Action ES1406
MC, WG & other Meetings
27
From 01/05/2016 to 30/04/2017
Grant Period 2
COST Action ES1406
MC, WG & other Meetings
28
From 01/05/2017 to 30/04/2018
Grant Period 3
COST Action ES1406
MC, WG & other Meetings
29
From 01/05/2017 to 15/03/2019
Grant Period 4
COST Action ES1406
MC, WG & other Meetings
30
COST Action ES1406
Training SchoolsGP2
Coimbra, Portugal4-7 Oct 2016
28 Trainees, 11 Trainers
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COST Action ES1406
Training Schools
GP3 Birmensdorf, Switzerland20-23 March 2017
27 Trainees, 10 Trainers
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COST Action ES1406
Training Schools
GP4 Tartu, Estonia22-24 January 2019
28 Trainees, 7 Trainers + 6 locals
83 Trainees in total
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COST Action ES1406
STSMs GP2Candidates Home Institution / Host Institution Contributed to
1. Daniela Alves (PT) University of Coimbra, Coimbra (Portugal)/ University of Bremen, Germany (JulianeFilser);
Bibliographic research on soil organisms, belonging to macro and mesofauna and
their interactions with organic matter2. Pedro Farias (PT) University of Coimbra, Coimbra (Portugal)
/ eDNA Center, Denmark, P. H. Krogh;KEYSOM soil biodiversity of European
transect3. Petr Heděnec (CZ) Institute of Environmental Studies, Prague
(CZ) / IPE-CSIC , Spain, Juan J. Jiménez;Bibliographic research on soil organisms, belonging to macro and mesofauna and
their interactions with organic matter4. Cornelia Rissmann (DE) University of Technology Cottbus-
Senftenberg, Germany / Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland (Beat Frey);
DNA metabarcoding and morphological identification of main soil fauna groups.
5. Karen Vancampenhout(BE)
KU Leuven, Geel (BE) / Univ. Vigo (ES) M.J.I. Briones;
Soil fauna vs soil organic matter dynamics - a review
6. Olga Vinduskova (CZ) Faculty of Science, Prague (CZ) / University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (BE), G. Deckmyn;
Incorporation of soil fauna model into ANAFORE forest model
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COST Action ES1406
STSMs GP3Candidates Home Institution / Host Institution Contributes to
1. Eduardo Nascimento (PT) University of Coimbra (PT) / Univ. Vigo (Maria J. Briones)
EW id. from Common experimentation;Taxonomical and ecological identification of earthworms;
2. Hind Khalili (DE) Univ. Bremen (Germany) / IPE-CSIC, Spain (Juan J. Jiménez)
Comm. experimentation; NIR signaturesand analysis;
3. Lenka Petrakova (CZ) Masaryk University, Czech Rep. / Aarhus University (Paul H. Krogh)
DNA metabarcoding; Regulatory role by predators of the decomposer food web;
4. Dalila Costa (PT) University of Coimbra (PT) / Aarhus University, Denmark (Paul H. Krogh)
Metabarcoding analyses of soilinvertebrates;
5. Carmen Fdez. Lago (ES) Univ. Vigo (Spain) / Çankırı KaratekinUniversity (Meric Çakir), (TR)
Soil fauna in different agroecosystems;
6. Dragana Stamenov (RS) University of Novi Sad (Serbia) / Maarja Öpik (EE)
Technical analyses & methods. Mycorrhizalfungal identification;
7. Sławomir Głuszek (PL) Research Institute of Horticulture(Poland) / Tine Grebenc, SlovenianForestry Institute (Slovenia)
Data to be used in KEYLINK model; Soil fauna on the dynamics of symbiotic fungi and fine roots;
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COST Action ES1406
STSMs GP4 (I)Candidates Home Institution / Host Institution Contributes to
1. Angela Amuza(RO)
Research-Development Institute for Plant Protection (Bucharest) (Romania) / J.J. StrossmayerUniversity, Osijek, Croatia (Davorka Hackenberger);
Earthworm diversity and interactions with SOM;
2. Angelika Kliszcz(PL)
University of Agriculture in Kraków, Kraków (Poland)/ Univ. Vigo (Maria J. Briones);
Earthworms in SOM incorporation in intercropping systems;
3. Antonio Rodriguez (ES)
University of Lleida (Spain) / Humboldt-University,Berlin, Germany, (Lilian Ruess);
Training in PLFAs and isotope techniques
4. Cosmin Braga (RO) National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Dracea" (Mihaesti), Romania / BC3-Basque Centre for ClimateChange (Jorge Curiel);
Understanding the role of soil fauna on soil CO2 emissions from
European beech forests
5. Filipa Reis(PT) University Coimbra (PT) / IPE-CSIC (ES) Juan J. Jiménez;
Data collection and analysis of the excrements produced by soil
engineers for SOM dynamics and modelling
6. Oscar Franken(NL)
Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam (The Netherlands) / University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin (Ireland), O. Schmidt;
Quantifying soil macro-fauna bioturbation by X-ray CT scanning
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COST Action ES1406
STSMs GP4 (II)Candidates Home Institution / Host Institution Contributes to
7. Omar Flores (ES) MNCN-CSIC, Madrid (Spain) / Univ. Antwerpen, Belgium, (Gaby Deckmyn);
Development of KEYLINK model;
8. Stephan Jänsch (GE) ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH (Germany) / Univ. Aarhus (Denmark) (Paul H. Krogh);
Earthworm Database collection (Edaphobase contribution);
9. Tarja Silfver (FI) University of Helsinki (Finland) / SwissFederal Research Institute, (Beat Frey);
The role of soil microbial communities in soil organic matter turnover under
warming climate;
10.M.J.I. Briones (ES) Univ. Vigo, Spain (Maria J. Briones) / Univ. Bremen, Germany (Juliane Filser);
Linking earthworm abundance and functional structure across different
European landscapes;
11. Andrey Zuev (RU) Insitute of Ecology and Evolution (Russia) / Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia (Maarja Öpik);
Fungal-invertebrate interactions in forest soil;
12. Zeljka Loncaric (HR) J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia / Institute of Ecology and Environmental Eciences, Paris (France) (Sébastien Barot)
Modelling SOM dynamics;
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COST Action ES1406
Total Eligible Networking expenditure 69 401.99 45 916.53 -23 485.46
Total FSAC 15% of Eligible Networking expenditure
10 410.30 6 887.48 -3 522.82
Total Eligible Costs 79 812.29 52 804.01 -27 008.28
Grantbudget
Totalexpenditure Delta
From 01/06/2015 to 30/04/2016
Grant Period 1
38
COST Action ES1406
Total Eligible Networking expenditure 92 110.00 84 385.85 -7 724.15
Total FSAC 15% of Eligible Networking expenditure
13 816.50 12 657.88 -1 158.62
Total Eligible Costs 105 926.50 97 043.73 -8 882.77
Grantbudget
Totalexpenditure Delta
From 01/05/2016 to 30/04/2017
Grant Period 2
39
COST Action ES1406
Total Eligible Networking expenditure 115 913.05 87 440.99 -28 472.06
Total FSAC 15% of Eligible Networking expenditure
17 386.96 13 116.15 -4 270.81
Total Eligible Costs 133 300.01 100 557.1 -32 742.87
Grantbudget
Totalexpenditure Delta
From 01/05/2017 to 30/04/2018
Grant Period 3
40
COST Action ES1406
Total Eligible Networking expenditure 122 392.11 88 078.97 ---
Total FSAC 15% of Eligible Networking expenditure
18 358.82 13 211.85 ---
Total Eligible Costs 140 750.93 101 290.8 ---
Grantbudget
Totalexpenditure Delta
From 01/05/2018 to 15/03/2019
Grant Period 4 (in process)
41
Please, remember that you have ONLY a few days to submit your Travel
Reimbursement Request (TRR) through the eCOST online tool.!
COST Action ES1406
Grant Holder Susana Guía, administration
Mayte Gálvez
https://www.araid.es/
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Thank you to everybody for thislearning-by-doing trip!
“Soil fauna: key to soil
organic matter dynamics and
modelling (KEYSOM)”
COST Action ES1406
Thanks to all who contributed!
@KeysomAction