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AP American HistoryAP American History
Review: Brinkley: Chapters 6 and 7
(And a little of Ch. 5)
Review: Brinkley: Chapters 6 and 7
(And a little of Ch. 5)
Ch 6: Constitution and the New Republic
Ch 6: Constitution and the New Republic
Page 158Page 158
Declaration Constitution of Independence
Declaration Constitution of Independence• A radical
document• Stating rights of
men• That people have
a right to revolution if government becomes abusive
• A radical document
• Stating rights of men
• That people have a right to revolution if government becomes abusive
• A conservative document
• Fear of unrestrained popular power
• Shay’s rebellion
• A conservative document
• Fear of unrestrained popular power
• Shay’s rebellion
TopicsTopics
• Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia 1787
• Federalists versus Anti – Federalists• Separation of Powers/checks and
balances• Bill of Rights• Hamilton’s Report on Manufacture • Foreign and domestic problems• Political Parties• John Adam’s Presidency: see topic outline
• Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia 1787
• Federalists versus Anti – Federalists• Separation of Powers/checks and
balances• Bill of Rights• Hamilton’s Report on Manufacture • Foreign and domestic problems• Political Parties• John Adam’s Presidency: see topic outline
Constitutional Convention of 1787
Constitutional Convention of 1787
• Philadelphia• James Madison 1) solved question of sovereignty 2) separation of powers to prevent
tyranny a) federal structure b) checks and balances – 3 branches 3) Bill of Rights added later in 1791
under pressure from Anti - federalists
• Philadelphia• James Madison 1) solved question of sovereignty 2) separation of powers to prevent
tyranny a) federal structure b) checks and balances – 3 branches 3) Bill of Rights added later in 1791
under pressure from Anti - federalists
Federalists vs. Anti - Federalists
Federalists vs. Anti - Federalists
Federalists: “Centralizers”Federalists: “Centralizers”
• “Why has government been instituted at all? Because the passions of men will not conform to the dictates of reason and justice, without constraint.”
Alexander Hamilton
How does this quote reflect the ideas of Hamilton and the Federalists? How is it the opposite
of of sentiments expressed in the
Declaration of Independence?
• “Why has government been instituted at all? Because the passions of men will not conform to the dictates of reason and justice, without constraint.”
Alexander Hamilton
How does this quote reflect the ideas of Hamilton and the Federalists? How is it the opposite
of of sentiments expressed in the
Declaration of Independence?
Federalists Anti – Federalists
“Battle between two fears”
Federalists Anti – Federalists
“Battle between two fears”• Alexander Hamilton• Feared unchecked
power of masses• Mistrust of human
nature• Wanted large
central government• Report on
Manufacture
• Alexander Hamilton• Feared unchecked
power of masses• Mistrust of human
nature• Wanted large
central government• Report on
Manufacture
• Thomas Jefferson• Feared large,
tyrannical government
• Concerned that the Constitution lacked a Bill of Rights
• Thomas Jefferson• Feared large,
tyrannical government
• Concerned that the Constitution lacked a Bill of Rights
Strict Construction: interprets the Constitution as narrowly
as possible
Strict Construction: interprets the Constitution as narrowly
as possible • Plessy v Ferguson
(1896)
• Interpreted the 14th amendment (= protection under the law and citizenship) to allow “separate but equal”
• Plessy v Ferguson (1896)
• Interpreted the 14th amendment (= protection under the law and citizenship) to allow “separate but equal”
Loose construction: Constitution as a “living
document”: Constitution must change to meet current needs
Loose construction: Constitution as a “living
document”: Constitution must change to meet current needs
• Roe v. Wade
• Legalized abortion by interpreting the Constitution to include privacy rights. Joined together the 4th, 9th and 14th amendments to give women this right.
• Roe v. Wade
• Legalized abortion by interpreting the Constitution to include privacy rights. Joined together the 4th, 9th and 14th amendments to give women this right.
Jefferson’s visionJefferson’s vision
Felt a nation of small farmers with some industry was best
He feared large cities and masses of property -less workers packed in cities
Envisioned decentralized society with small property owners working in farming (agrarian activities)
Universal education based on scientific rationalism of the Enlightenment
Felt a nation of small farmers with some industry was best
He feared large cities and masses of property -less workers packed in cities
Envisioned decentralized society with small property owners working in farming (agrarian activities)
Universal education based on scientific rationalism of the Enlightenment
Federalists: Hamilton, Madison, Jay
Federalists: Hamilton, Madison, Jay
Anti-Federalists: Jefferson, Monroe, Adams
Anti-Federalists: Jefferson, Monroe, Adams
• Feared unchecked power
• Wanted a Bill of Rights
• Feared unchecked power
• Wanted a Bill of Rights
Jefferson’s vision of America: A nation of virtuous, small
farmers
Jefferson’s vision of America: A nation of virtuous, small
farmers
Hamilton’s vision: Industrial development, manufacturingHamilton’s vision: Industrial development, manufacturing
Hamilton’s report on manufacture
Hamilton’s report on manufacture
• Envisioned a strong industrialized country with a strong central government
• A national deficit that was funded • National bank• Subsidies to business
• Envisioned a strong industrialized country with a strong central government
• A national deficit that was funded • National bank• Subsidies to business
To what extent has America incorporated Jeffersonian(anti-fed)/Hamiltonian (fed) ideals?
To what extent has America incorporated Jeffersonian(anti-fed)/Hamiltonian (fed) ideals?
• Hamilton • Hamilton • Jefferson • Jefferson