AP Art HistoryAP Art History

Chapter 12 – Rome in the EastChapter 12 – Rome in the East

The Art of ByzantiumThe Art of Byzantium

© Kevan Nitzberg© Kevan Nitzberg

ChronologyChronologyEarly Byzantine: 527-725Early Byzantine: 527-725 Justinian – r. 527-565Nika riots in Constantinople – 532Belasarius captures Ravenna – 539Heraclius defeats Persians – 627Arabs besiege Constantinople – 717-718Iconoclasm: 726-842Iconoclasm: 726-842Leo III prohibits image making – 726Ravenna falls to the Lombards – 751Middle Byzantine: 843-1203Middle Byzantine: 843-1203Restoration of images – 843Basil I – r. 867-886 (founder of Macedonian Dynasty)Basil II – r. 980-1001(revival of Byzantine power)Schism between Byzantine and Roman churches – 1054Norman conquest of Sicily – 1060-1092Seljuk Turks capture Byzantine Asia Minor – 1073First Crusade – 1095-1099Fourth Crusade and the Frankish Conquest – 1202-1204Late Byzantine: 1204-1453Late Byzantine: 1204-1453Michael VIII Palaeologus recaptures Constantinople from the Franks – 1261Ottonian Turks capture Constantinople, end of Byzantine Empire - 1453

Map of Europe and the Byzantine Empire – ca. 1000

Justinian as world conqueror – mid 6th century

Detail of Justinian and beardless Christ

St. Michael the Archangel, right leaf of a diptych – early 6th century

Anthemius of Tralles and Isidsorus of Miletus: Hagia SophiaConstantinople (Istanbul), Turkey – 532-537

Alternate view of Hagia Sophia from the south

Interior view of Hagia Sophia

Interior view of Hagia Sophia facing southwest

Longitudinal section and plan of Hagia Sophia

San Vitale

Ravenna, Italy – 526-547

Alternate view of San Vitale

Plan of San Vitale

Interior of San Vitale – view from the apse to the choir

Choir and apse of San Vitale with mosaic of Christ between two angels, St. Vitalis and Bishop Ecclesius

Ravenna, Italy – 526-547

Justinian, Bishop Maximianus and attendants, mosaic from the north wall of the apse

San VitaleRavenna, Italy – ca. 547

Theodora and attendants, mosaic from the south wall of the apse

San VitaleRavenna, Italy – ca. 547

Saint Apollinaris amid sheep,apse mosaic – Sant’Apollinaris in Classe

Ravenna, Italy – ca. 533-549

Alternate view of apse mosaic from Sant’Apollinaris in Classe

Transfiguration of Jesus – apse mosaicChurch of the Virgin, monastery of St. Catherine

Mount Sinai, Egypt – ca. 548-565

Ascension of Christ, folio 13 verso of the Rabbula GospelsZagba, Syria - 586

Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and GeorgeMonastery of St. Catherine – 6th or early 7th century

Virgin (Theotokotos) and Child enthroned – apse mosaicHagia, Sophia, Constantinople, Turkey

Dedicated 867

Monastery churches at Hosios Loukas, GreeceKatholikon (left): 1st quarter of the 11th century /

Church of the Theotokos 2nd half of the 10th century

Plans of the Church of the Theotokos (top) And Katholikon (bottom)

Interior of Katholikon (view facing east)

Christ as PantokraterDome mosaic in the Church of the Dormition

Daphni, Greece – ca. 1090-1100

Crucifixion mosaic in the Church of the DormitionDaphni, Greece – ca. 1090-1100

Interior of St. Mark’s (view facing east)Venice, Italy – begun 1063

Exterior view of St. Mark’s

Pantokrator, Theotokos and Child, angels and saintsapse mosaic in the cathedral at Monreale, Italy – ca. 1180-1190

Empress Irene, detail of the Pula D’Oro, St. Mark’s

Venice, Italy – ca. 1105

Christ enthroned with saints (Harbaville Triptych)ca. 950

Lamentation over the Dead Christwall painting

Saint Pantaleimon, Nerezi, Macedonia - 1164

David composing the Psalms, folio of the Paris Psalterca. 950-970

Virgin (Theotokos), and Child, icon (Vladmir Virgin)

late 11th – early 12th century

Church of Saint CatherineThessaloniki, Greece – ca. 1280

Anastasis, apse fresco in the parekklesion of Christ in ChoraConstantinople (Istanbul), Turkey – ca. 1310-1320

Christ as Savior of Souls, icon from the church of Saint Clement

Ohrid, Macedonia – early 14th century

Annunciation, reverse of two sided icon from church of Saint ClementOhrid, Macedonia – early 14th century

Andrei Rublyev: Three angels (Old Testament Trinity)ca. 1410

Large sakkos of Photius

ca. 1417

Comparison SectionComparison Section

Empress Irene (Fig. 12-25)Theodora from San Vitale (Fig. 12-11)

Compare the image of Empress Irene from the Pala d’Oro with the mosaic ofCompare the image of Empress Irene from the Pala d’Oro with the mosaic ofTheodora from San Vitale. What charcteristics identify them both as Byzantine?Theodora from San Vitale. What charcteristics identify them both as Byzantine?

Annunciation (Fig. 12-33) Anastasis (Fig. 12-31)

What stylistic features of the Annunciation from Ohrid, Macedonia link the image to theWhat stylistic features of the Annunciation from Ohrid, Macedonia link the image to theByzantine style as seen in the fresco from the chapel of the Church of Christ in Chora inByzantine style as seen in the fresco from the chapel of the Church of Christ in Chora inIstanbul (Anastasis)?Istanbul (Anastasis)?

Paris Psalter (Fig. 12-28)Rublyev’s Old Testament

Trinity (Fig. 12-34)

Ixion Room in Pompeii (Fig. 10-21)

Compare the scenes from the Paris Psalter and Rublyev’s Old Testament Trinity with theCompare the scenes from the Paris Psalter and Rublyev’s Old Testament Trinity with theclassical painting from the Ixion Room in Pompeii. What similarities and what differencesclassical painting from the Ixion Room in Pompeii. What similarities and what differencesdo you see? Note the way the space is depicted and the way the figures are modeled. Whatdo you see? Note the way the space is depicted and the way the figures are modeled. Whatfeatures of the Paris Psalter show the influence of classical painting?features of the Paris Psalter show the influence of classical painting?