AP Biology

Enzymes, Cellular Respiration, and Digestive System Test Review

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EnzymesCellularResp I

CellularResp II

DigestiveSystem

Misc.

What do you call the cellular processes of breaking down large

molecules into smaller ones?

catabolism

How does an enzyme catalyze a chemical

reaction?

It speeds up the reaction by lowering the

activation energy.

How does a non-competitive inhibitor

decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction?

By changing the structure of the enzyme so the substrate can no longer bind to the active

site.

Hoe do you overcome competitive inhibition?

Add more substrate

A series of enzymes catalyze thereaction X -> Y -> Z -> A. Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the activity of the enzyme. What is substance A functions as a ….?

Allosteric inhibitor

What metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration

and fermetation?

glycolysis

Where are the proteins of the electron transport

chain located?

The mitochondrial inner membrane

What part of cellular respiration produces the most ATP when glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and

water?

Oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)

the electron transport chain

Which stages of cellular respiration release

carbon dioxide?

The oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the Kreb’s cycle

alcoholic fermentation also

In the equation for cellular respiration, what is oxidized and

what is reduced?

Glucose is oxidizedoxygen is reduced

What is the term for the metabolic pathway in

which glucose is degraded to carbon dioxide and water?

Cellular respiration

During cellular respiration, where does acetyl CoA accumulate?

In the mitochondrial matrix

Where is oxygen used in cellular respiration? What is it used for?

Oxygen is used to accept electrons at the

end of the electron transport chain.

How is water produced in cellular respiration?

Oxygen accepts electrons and hydrogen ions at the end of the

electron transport chain, forming water.

What is the purpose of alcoholic fermentation

and lactic acid fermentation?

Oxidize NADH to NAD+

Name at least one function of the digestive

system

Chemically & mecha-nically break down foodAbsorb nutrients

Where do most of the enzymes and chemicals secreted by the upper

end of the small intestine come from?

The liver and pancreas

Where are the agents that help emulsify fat

produced?

The liver

Where in the digestive system do you find

bacteria that produce vitamins as by-products

of their metabolism?

The large intestine

Where does most enzymatic hydrolysis of the macromolecules in

food occur?

The small intestine

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

What is peristalsis?

Smooth muscle contractions that move

food through the alimentary canal

What type of phosphorylation

generates the ATP in glycolysis?

Substrate-level phosphorylation

During ATP synthesis, what is the proton

gradient established primarily by the

diffusion of protons used for?

Synthesis of ATP

Why are cattle able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant

material?

They have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their

stomachs

Final Jeopardy

Describe cellular respiration in as much detail as you can before time is called.

Final Jeopardy Question