AP Biology

Transition to Land Biomes

Hadley Cell Model

Meristematic Tissues

Darwin’s experiment on Phototropism

Phytochrome activation

Signal Transduction Response

Long night plants

Short night plants

Transpiration

Guard Cell operation

Amino Acid structure(Remove the amine on the left)

Nitrogenous Waste forms

Countercurrent Heat Exchange

Blood flow

VeinArtery

Pacific bottlenose dolphin

Canadagoose

VeinArtery

33°

27°

18°

9°

35°C

30°

20°

10°

Temperature controlThermostat inhypothalamusactivates coolingmechanisms.

Increased bodytemperature (suchas when exercising

or in hotsurroundings)

Body temperaturedecreases;thermostat

shuts off coolingmechanisms.

Sweat glands secretesweat that evaporates,cooling the body.

Blood vesselsin skin dilate:capillaries fillwith warm blood;heat radiates fromskin surface.

Body temperatureincreases;thermostat

shuts off warmingmechanisms.

Decreased bodytemperature

(such as whenin cold

surroundings)

Blood vessels in skin constrict, diverting bloodfrom skin to deeper tissuesand reducing heat lossfrom skin surface.

Skeletal muscles rapidlycontract, causing shivering,which generates heat.

Thermostat in hypothalamusactivateswarmingmechanisms.

Homeostasis:Internal body temperatureof approximately 36–38°C

Gas Exchange in Many Forms…

one-celled amphibians echinoderms

insects fish mammals

endotherm vs. ectothermsize

cilia

water vs. land ••