The Duel for North America

1608-1763

American Pageant Chapter 6

Introduction

1688-1763Four world wars

New World involved in each

Set the stage for American Independence

France Finds a Foothold in Canada

Latecomer to AmericasForeign war

Domestic strife

Catholics vs. Protestants

France Finds a Foothold in Canada

St. Bartholomews Day Massacre 157210,000 Huguenots butchered

France Finds a Foothold in Canada

Latecomer to Americas continued1598Edict of NantesLimited toleration of French

Huguenots (protestants)

King Louis XIV (1643-1715)

France Finds a Foothold in Canada

Quebec New France

St. Lawrence River

Samuel de Champlain

Huron Indian alliance (against Iroquois Confederacy)

Autocratic government

Slow populationonly 60,000 by 1750Little economic motive

No religious motiveonly Catholics

France Finds a Foothold in Canada

New France Fans Out

BeaverCoureurs de boisIndian recruitment

Disease & alcohol

Ecological damage

Jesuits marginally successful missionariesExplorers & geographers

New France Fans Out

ExplorersAntoine Cadillac1701, Detroit

Robert de La Salle1682, Mississippi to Louisiana

New Orleans 1718

block Spanish

Strategic location

The Clash of Empires

King Williams War (1689-1697) &Queen Annes War (1702-1713)British colonists vs.

coureurs de bois

Primitive guerrilla warfare

French Indian alliesbrutal attacks on settlers

The Clash of Empires

British failureQuebec & Montreal

British successPort Royal in Acadia (Nova Scotia)

Treaty of Utrecht 1713

Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Hudson Bay

Pinched St. Lawrence settlements

Limited Trading rights in Spanish America

The Clash of Empires

War of Jenkins's Ear--1739

Limited trading rights with Spanish America

Smuggling

British Captain Jenkins lost ear to Spanish revenue

authority

Caribbean sea & Georgia

James Oglethorpe (kicked their trash)

Robert Jenkins shows his severed ear to

British Prime Minister Robert Walpole in a

1738 depiction of his presentation at

Parliament

The Clash of Empires

Became King Georges Warlarge scaleFrance allied with Spain

N.E. Captured impregnable Fortress of Louisbourg

Peace treaty 1748 returned Louisbourg to French

New Englanders--outraged

George Washington Inaugurates War with

France

Yes. Its all Georges fault!

(According to your book, anyway).

George Washington Inaugurates War with

France

Ohio ValleyBritish colonistswant to

move west

Frenchkey to continent

Links Canada with Mississippi holdings

1749 British speculators secured legal rights to 500,000 acres

French--building Fort Duquesne

George Washington Inaugurates War with

France

1754 Lieutenant colonel George

Washington sent to

secure VA claim

Virginians fire first

French retreat

George Washington Inaugurates War with

France

Fort NecessityFrench return and

Washington forced to

surrender entire

command July 4, 1754

4000 French Acadians forced to move to

southbecome Cajuns

Rebuilt Fort Necessity. Its easy to see why it wasnt very defensible.

Do you get the irony?

Global War & Colonial Disunity

French & Indian War1st Anglo-French war started in New World

Started with G. Washington1754

Became Europes Seven Years War

Britain & Prussia vs. France, Spain, Austria, & Russia

Fought on 7 seas

[French] America was conquered in Germany. ~~William Pitt

Global War & Colonial Disunity

1754Albany CongressKeep Iroquois Tribes loyal to British

Inter-colonial unity--unsuccessful

Join, or Die ~~Benjamin Franklin

From

Pennsylvania

Gazette

Braddocks Blundering & Its Aftermath

General Bulldog Braddock17552000 men to Fort Duquesne

French & Indian kill him & destroy his forces in forest fight (guerilla warfare)

Braddocks Blundering & Its Aftermath

George WashingtonBraddocks aide2

horses shot out from under him & 4 bullets pierced his coat

He is left with 300 men to defend scorched frontier from Indian raids

See George Washington IS cool.!!

Braddocks Blundering & Its Aftermath

1756 British launch full invasion of Canada

British errdont attack main forts of Quebec & Montreal which would have cut

off supplies to other outposts

Pitts Palms of Victory

William PittGreat Commoner & Organizer of Victory 1757Back off French West Indies

Concentrate on Quebec-Montreal area

Pitts Palms of Victory

1758Fort Louisbourg fell after siege

Pitts Palms of Victory

Quebec--1759James Wolfe---scaled cliff

with men at night

Plains of Abrahamnext morning

Marquis de Montcalm vs. James Wolfe

Both died, but French defeated

Montreal fell 1760

France lost all power in New World

James Wolfes death at the Plains of Abraham

Pitts Palms of Victory

Treaty of Paris 1763French kept sugar islands in

West Indies

French ceded Mississippi-Louisiana area to Spain

Spain exchanged Florida for Cuba with British

British dominant in North America & in oceans

Pitts Palms of Victory

Restless Colonists

Colonists--Increased confidence & military strength (20,000 American recruits in

military)

Shattered myth of British invincibility

Restless Colonists

Friction between British & Americans:British arrogance vs. Americans as cutting edge

British refused to recognize militia commissions above captain (i.e. George Washington)

Colonial reluctance to unite to causeAmerican shippers & smuggling

Colonists distant from the war

Restless Colonists

Intercolonial disunityRivers, religion, distances, etc.

French & Indian Wardiscovered similarities

Wars fateful Aftermath

New spirit of independence

IndiansTreatyharsh blow to

Iroquois, Creeks, etc.

Removed Spain from Florida & French from

Canadaplayed countries against each other

Wars fateful Aftermath

Pontiac 1763Wanted to lead British

out of Ohio country

British retaliationharsh & quick I.E. British infected

blankets with smallpox

British keep regular troops along frontierwhich colonists pay for

Wars fateful Aftermath

Land-hungry colonistsmove past Appalachian Mountains

Proclamation of 1763PurposeIndian problems

Americansdefiance & destiny

Wars fateful Aftermath

Energetic Americans + proud, successful British=future conflict