SolubilitySolubility Mole Mole FractionFraction MolarityMolarity Colligative Colligative
PropertiesPropertiesFP, BP, FP, BP,
VPVP SurpriseSurprise
100 100 100 100 100 100
200 200 200 200 200 200
300 300 300 300 300 300
400 400 400 400 400 400
500 500 500 500 500 500
Solubility 100Solubility 100
If the formation of a solution is If the formation of a solution is endothermic, then how can it be endothermic, then how can it be
spontaneous?spontaneous?
Increase in entropyIncrease in entropy
Solubility 200Solubility 200
Based on intermolecular forces, Based on intermolecular forces, why does Cwhy does C88HH1818 not dissolve in not dissolve in
HH22O?O?HH22O has hydrogen bonding and O has hydrogen bonding and
CC88HH1818 has London dispersion. has London dispersion.
These intermolecular forces are These intermolecular forces are very different. (Like dissolves like.)very different. (Like dissolves like.)
Solubility 300Solubility 300Gases are the most soluble in Gases are the most soluble in liquids a _______ pressures and liquids a _______ pressures and
_______ temperatures._______ temperatures.
High, lowHigh, low
Solubility 400Solubility 400
Which of the following substances Which of the following substances would be the most soluble in would be the most soluble in
CClCCl44??
CHCH33CHCH22OH, HOH, H22O, NHO, NH33, C, C1010HH2222, NaCl, NaCl
CC1010HH2222
Solubility 500Solubility 500
Which of the following substances Which of the following substances would be most soluble in hexane would be most soluble in hexane
(C(C66HH1414)?)?
CHCH33OH, CHOH, CH33CHCH22CHCH22OH, OH,
CHCH33CHCH22OH, CHOH, CH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22OH, OH,
CHCH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22OHOHCHCH33CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22OHOH
Mole Fraction 100Mole Fraction 100
What is the mole fraction of He in a What is the mole fraction of He in a gaseous solution prepared from gaseous solution prepared from 4.0g of He, 6.5g of Ar, and 10.0g 4.0g of He, 6.5g of Ar, and 10.0g
of Ne? of Ne?
0.6010.601
Mole Fraction 200Mole Fraction 200
What is the mole fraction of urea What is the mole fraction of urea (molar mass = 60 g/mol) in a (molar mass = 60 g/mol) in a
solution prepared by dissolving solution prepared by dissolving 16g of urea in 39g of H16g of urea in 39g of H22O?O?
0.110.11
Mole Fraction 300Mole Fraction 300
Calculate the mole fraction of Calculate the mole fraction of hydrochloric acid in a 10% by hydrochloric acid in a 10% by
mass aqueous solution.mass aqueous solution.
0.053 0.053
Mole Fraction 400Mole Fraction 400
Calculate the mole fraction of Calculate the mole fraction of phosphoric acid in a 25.4% by phosphoric acid in a 25.4% by
mass aqueous solution.mass aqueous solution.
0.0590.059
Mole Fraction 500Mole Fraction 500
What is the mole fraction of NHWhat is the mole fraction of NH33 in in
a solution prepared by dissolving a solution prepared by dissolving 15g of NH15g of NH33 in 250g of H in 250g of H22O? The O? The
density of the resulting solution is density of the resulting solution is 0.974 g/mL.0.974 g/mL.
0.05960.0596
Molarity 100Molarity 100
What is the molarity of a solution What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 5.5g of prepared by dissolving 5.5g of
HCl in 200g of CHCl in 200g of C22HH66O? (D = 0.79 O? (D = 0.79
g/mL)g/mL)
0.588M0.588M
Molarity 200Molarity 200
What is the molarity of sodium chloride What is the molarity of sodium chloride in a solution that is 13% by mass in a solution that is 13% by mass
NaCl? (D = 1.10 g/mL)NaCl? (D = 1.10 g/mL)
2.49M2.49M
Molarity 300Molarity 300
What is the molarity of ammonium What is the molarity of ammonium chloride in a aqueous solution chloride in a aqueous solution
that is 24.0% by mass ammonium that is 24.0% by mass ammonium chloride? (D = 1.0674 g/mol)chloride? (D = 1.0674 g/mol)
4.79M4.79M
Molarity 400Molarity 400What is the mass % of ammonium What is the mass % of ammonium
chloride in a 0.376M aqueous chloride in a 0.376M aqueous solution of ammonium chloride? solution of ammonium chloride?
(D = 1.0045 g/mL)(D = 1.0045 g/mL)
1.98%1.98%
Molarity 500Molarity 500
If you are asked to calculate the If you are asked to calculate the molarity of a 10% by mass molarity of a 10% by mass
aqueous solution of hydrochloric aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, then what piece of additional acid, then what piece of additional
information do you need?information do you need?
Density of the solutionDensity of the solution
Colligative Properties 100Colligative Properties 100
Which of the following produces the Which of the following produces the greatest number of ions when one greatest number of ions when one
mole dissolves in water? NaCl, mole dissolves in water? NaCl, NHNH44NONO33, NH, NH44Cl, NaCl, Na22SOSO44, sucrose, sucrose
NaNa22SOSO44
Colligative Properties 200Colligative Properties 200
Which of the following liquids will have Which of the following liquids will have the lowest freezing point?the lowest freezing point?
Pure HPure H22O, 0.05M glucose, 0.03M CoIO, 0.05M glucose, 0.03M CoI22, ,
0.03M FeI0.03M FeI33, or 0.03M NaI , or 0.03M NaI
0.03M FeI0.03M FeI33
Colligative Properties 300Colligative Properties 300
Which of the following solutes will have Which of the following solutes will have the lowest vapor pressure in an the lowest vapor pressure in an
aqueous solution (assume all are aqueous solution (assume all are 0.1M)?0.1M)?
KClOKClO44, Ca(ClO, Ca(ClO44))2,2, Al(ClO Al(ClO44))33, sucrose, or , sucrose, or
NaClNaClAl(ClOAl(ClO44))33
Colligative Properties 400Colligative Properties 400
Which of the following aqueous Which of the following aqueous solutions will have the highest boiling solutions will have the highest boiling
point?point?
0.1M Na0.1M Na22SOSO44, 0.2M glucose, 0.25M , 0.2M glucose, 0.25M
sucrose, 0.1M NaCl, or 0.1M SrSOsucrose, 0.1M NaCl, or 0.1M SrSO44
0.1M Na0.1M Na22SOSO44
Colligative Properties 500Colligative Properties 500
Which of the following liquids will have Which of the following liquids will have the lowest freezing point?the lowest freezing point?
0.6M glucose, 0.6M sucrose, 0.24M 0.6M glucose, 0.6M sucrose, 0.24M FeIFeI33, or 0.5M KF, or 0.5M KF
0.5M KF0.5M KF
FP, BP, and VP 100FP, BP, and VP 100
The freezing point of CThe freezing point of C22HH55OH is -OH is -
114.6114.6ooC. The molal freezing point C. The molal freezing point depression constant for ethanol is depression constant for ethanol is 2.00 2.00 ooC/C/mm. What is the freezing . What is the freezing point of a solution prepared by point of a solution prepared by
dissolving 50g of Cdissolving 50g of C33HH88OO33 in 200g in 200g
of ethanol?of ethanol?-120-120ooCC
FP, BP, and VP 200FP, BP, and VP 200
Calculate the freezing point of a Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 5g of KCl and solution containing 5g of KCl and 550g of water. The molal freezing 550g of water. The molal freezing point depression constant (kpoint depression constant (kff) for ) for
water is 1.86 water is 1.86 ooC/C/mm..
-0.459 -0.459 ooCC
FP, BP, and VP 300FP, BP, and VP 300
A man places 4.01kg of water in a A man places 4.01kg of water in a pan and brings it to a boil. Before pan and brings it to a boil. Before
adding pasta, he added 58g of salt adding pasta, he added 58g of salt to the water and again brings it to to the water and again brings it to a boil. What is the boiling point of a boil. What is the boiling point of the salty water if the kthe salty water if the kbb for H for H22O is O is
0.52 0.52 ooC/C/mm..100.26 100.26 ooCC
FP, BP, and VP 400FP, BP, and VP 400
A solution containing 10g of an A solution containing 10g of an unknown liquid and 90g of water unknown liquid and 90g of water has a freezing point of -3.33has a freezing point of -3.33ooC. C. Given kGiven kff = 1.86 = 1.86 ooC/C/mm for water, for water,
what is the molar mass of the what is the molar mass of the liquid.liquid.
62.11 g/mol62.11 g/mol
FP, BP, and VP 500FP, BP, and VP 500
The vapor pressure of pure water at The vapor pressure of pure water at 2525ooC is 23.8 torr. What is the vapor C is 23.8 torr. What is the vapor pressure (in torr) of water above a pressure (in torr) of water above a
solution prepared by dissolving solution prepared by dissolving 18g of glucose in 95g of water?18g of glucose in 95g of water?
23.32 torr23.32 torr
Surprise 100Surprise 100
What is the phrase used to know What is the phrase used to know whether or not a solvent will whether or not a solvent will
dissolve in a solute?dissolve in a solute?
Like dissolves like.Like dissolves like.
Surprise 200Surprise 200
What is a supersaturated solution What is a supersaturated solution and how is it formed?and how is it formed?
A supersaturated solutions has more A supersaturated solutions has more solute than possible at a given solute than possible at a given
temperature. It is formed by heating temperature. It is formed by heating a solution and dissolving more a solution and dissolving more
solute, then carefully cooling the solute, then carefully cooling the solution to avoid recrystallization.solution to avoid recrystallization.
Surprise 300Surprise 300
What is the effect with light that What is the effect with light that occurs with colloids?occurs with colloids?
Tyndall Tyndall EffectEffect
Surprise 400Surprise 400
What is the molality of a solution with What is the molality of a solution with a concentration of lead (II) nitrate a concentration of lead (II) nitrate
of 0.726M? (D = 1.202 g/mL)of 0.726M? (D = 1.202 g/mL)
0.754 0.754 mm Pb(NO Pb(NO33))33