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AP Gov’t UNIT VI
“Mile-a-Minute Mini Lecture”
THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
Chapter 12: Congress
I. The Representatives and Senators pg. 354A. The JobB. The Members of CongressII. Congressional Elections pg. 357A. Who Wins Elections? Senators v. Reps.B. The Advantages of Incumbents“WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT
CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS” = you need this handout! Advertizing Credit-claiming through casework & pork barrel Position-taking Weak opponents
Chapter 12: CongressC. The Role of Party IdentificationD. Defeating Incumbents
Scandal / redistricting / political tidal waveE. Money in Congressional Elections: PAC’s
& incumbentsF. Stability and Change
Time for term limits?
Chapter 12: CongressIII. How Congress is Organized to Make Policy pg. 364“WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT LAWMAKING” = you
need this handout!A. American Bicameralism“WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE HOUSE & THE SENATE” = you need this handout!
Senate: treaties, confirmations, trying impeached officials, filibuster & cloture
House: starts revenue billsB. Congressional LeadershipSpeaker of the House, VP, Senate Majority Leader, House
Majority Leader, House & Senate Minority Leaders & Whips
Chapter 12: CongressC. The Committees and Subcommittees
Standing Committees / Conference Committees / Select Committees
Marked up bills & legislative oversight = work of the committee
Seniority rule & the power of the chairpersonD. Caucuses: The Informal Organization of
CongressInternal interest groups
E. Congressional StaffDC & district staff & staff for each committeeGeneral Accounting OfficeCongressional Budget Office
HOUSE Standing Committees SENATE Standing Committees
Agriculture Agriculture, Nutrition & Forestry
Appropriations: portions out the $ to fund authorized programs
Appropriations: portions out the $ to fund authorized programs
Banking & Financial Services Armed Services
Budget Banking, Housing, & Urban Affairs
Commerce Budget
Economic & Educational Opportunities Commerce, Science & Transportation
Government Reform & Oversight Energy & Natural Resources
House Oversight Environment & Public Works
International Relations Finance: Write the Tax Codes
Judiciary Foreign Relations
National Security Governmental Affairs
Resources Indian Affairs
Rules: manages schedule of bills. Can speed, delay or prevent action on a bill.
Judiciary: Reviews the president’s nominees for the federal courts
Science Labor & Human Resources
Small Business Rules & Administration
Standards of Office Conduct Small Business
Transportation & Infrastructure Veterans’ Affairs
Veterans’ Affairs
Ways & Means: Write the Tax Codes
Chapter 12: Congress
IV. The Congressional Process pg. 378A. IntroductionB. Presidents and Congress: Partners and
ProtagonistsC. Party, Constituency, and Ideology
Trustee v. informed delegateD. Lobbyists and Interest GroupsV. Understanding Congress pg. 383A. Congress and DemocracyB. Reforming Congress: exceptions to seniority
ruleC. Congress and the Scope of Government
Chapter 14: Congress, the President & the Politics of Taxing & SpendingI. Introduction pg. 434• Burdens (taxes) v. benefits (expenditures)
II. Sources of Federal Revenue pg. 437A. Income Tax – 16th AmendmentB. Social Insurance Taxes
Paid by employees & employers into the Social Security Trust Fund
C. BorrowingBonds – 11% of budget = interest
D. Taxes and Public PolicyTax loophole v. tax expenditure v. tax reform
Figure 14.1
Chapter 14: Congress, the President & the Politics of Taxing & SpendingIII. Federal Expenditures pg. 444A. Big Governments, Big BudgetsB. The Rise and Decline of the National
Security StateC. The Rise of the Social Service StateD. Why is the federal budget so hard to
control?Incrementalism“Uncontrollable” Expenditures: entitlementsA.K.A. Mandatory v. discretionary spending
Figure 14.3
Chapter 14: Congress, the President & the Politics of Taxing & SpendingIV. The Budgetary Process pg. 452A. Budgetary Politics
Prez & OMBCongress & CBOInterest Groups & AgenciesCongressional Committees & GAO
B. The President’s Budget
Chapter 14: Congress, the President & the Politics of Taxing & SpendingC. Congress and the Budget: Congressional
Budget & Impoundment Control Act of 1974Timeline & Budget ResolutionAuthorization v. appropriations billsContinuing Resolutions
V. Understanding Budgeting pg. 460A. Democracy and Budgeting
Politicians can “spend” money to “buy” votesB. The Budget and the Scope of Government
Voters want low taxes, a balanced budget & generous social welfare programs = big deficits!