AP Human Geography Week #5

Fall 2015

AP Human Geography 10/5/15http://mrmilewski.com

• OBJECTIVE: Examine population growth. APHugII-B.1&2

• Language Objective: Write about population.• I. Journal#10pt.A -Watch the following: -Hans Rosling and the magic washing machine• II. Journal#10pt.B

-notes on population growth• III. Homework: Read p.50-57

• In 1798 he published An Essay on the Principle of Population

• Malthus was the first to sound the alarm that the world’s population was expanding more rapidly than food production.

• He was the first to recognize exponential or geometric population growth.

• Today those who share his concerns are Neo-Malthusians

Rev. Thomas Malthus 1766-1834

Second Agricultural Revolution and Industrial Revolution

• 18th century gains in agricultural production:– Crop yields improved with better farming methods– New crops such as potatoes, turnips and alfalfa– Storage and distribution improved which alleviated

famines and shortages.

• Industrial Revolution was also a factor:– Improved sanitation– Improved medical care– Disease prevention such as smallpox vaccine

• Demographic cycles of population growth– Stage 1 High Stationary Growth with high birth rates 40/1000 or

higher and high death rates.– Stage 2 Early Expanding with high birth rates and declining

death rates (birth 40s/death 20/1000) = rapid growth in pop.– Stage 3 Late Expanding with declining birth rates (30s) and low

death rates (10) = still significant growth– Stage 4 Low Stationary has low birth rates and low death rates

(birth 15 and death 10 or lower) SPL Stationary Population Level

The Demographic Transition

Population Data• Before 1750 Death rates were 35 and Birth

rates were 39 per 1,000 a rate of increase of .4% or a doubling time of 150 years.

• By 1850 Death rates were 16 and Birth rates were 36 with a rate of increase of 2% and a doubling time of 35 years.

Important terms• Natural increase rate (NIR)-the % by which a population grows

in a year. Computed by subtracting the % of CBR-CDR.• Total Fertility Rate (TFR)-the number of children born to

women of childbearing age-usually reported as a percentage.• Dependency ratio-the number of people who are too young or too

old to work compared to the number of people old enough to work.

Crude Death Rates

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 to 2.5 children per woman is considered “replacement level.”

• Maternal mortality ratio is the greatest health disparity between the developed and developing countries.

• The World Health Organization reports that 600,000 women die each year from complications of pregnancy.

• Social, cultural and economic barriers prevent women in the developing countries from receiving proper health care.

Homework Tonight

• Read p.50-57

AP Human Geography 10/6/15http://mrmilewski.com

• OBJECTIVE: Examine population pyramids. APHugII-B.3

• Language objective: Write about population pyramids.• I. Journal#11pt.A -Watch the following -Hans Rosling: The good news of the decade? • II. Journal#11pt.B -notes on population growth• Homework: Read p.57-62• NOTICE: Chapter#2 Test Monday October 12th

Population Pyramids –

Charts that show the percentages of each age group in the total population, divided by gender.

For poorer countries, the chart is shaped like a pyramid. Infant mortality rates are high, life expectancy is shorter.

• Population Pyramids-display a country’s population in a bar graph form.

• Each 5 year group with the youngest 0-4 years old at the base of the pyramid are called cohorts.

• Males are shown on the left side and females are shown on the right.

• A wide-based pyramid indicates a country in Stage 2 of the Demographic transition.

Population Pyramids

Charts that show the percentages of each age group in the total population, divided by gender.

For wealthier countries, the chart is shaped like a lopsided vase. Population is aging, TFRs are declining.

United States 2010

http://tfw.cachefly.net/snm/images/nm/pyramids/us-2010.png

• Four Patterns of Population Structure• Each nation faces different problems due to a large

base with many young or negative growth.

U.S. Baby Boom

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/B/BabyBoom75.gif

Russia’s Population

http://yanziyang.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/rs-2010.png

Russia’s Population

http://www.stat.fi/tup/suomi90/joulukuu_en_001.jpg

In poorer countries, Infant Mortality Rates are usually high, which is reflected in the

pyramid shape.

In poorer countries, Life Expectancy is usually shorter, which is also reflected in the

pyramid shape.

Affect of AIDS on population pyramid for

South Africa.

Predicted population for 2035, without and with

AIDS.

With AIDS, looks like a population “chimney.”

AIDS is leaving large numbers of AIDS orphans.

• 1995 Population Pyramids reflect the economic prosperity of Western Europe and the less developed countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. In the mid-1990s almost 50% of Africa’s population was under 15 years of age.

• By contrast the number of people 65 and older in Western Europe is 5 times that of sub-Saharan Africa.

Age Structure of a Population• The populations of many countries are aging.

- eg. Europe

- eg. Japan

Bordeaux, France

U.N. Millennium Goals

http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/

Homework Tonight

• Read p.57-62• Begin Ch#2 Review

AP Human Geography 10/7/15http://mrmilewski.com

• OBJECTIVE: Examine population policies. APHugII-B.2,3&5

• Language objective: Write about population.• I. Journal#12 pt.A -Watch the following: -Frontline: Opium Brides• II. Quiz#7• III. Journal#12 pt.B

-notes on population policies• Homework: Read p.63-70• NOTICE: Chapter#2 Test Monday October 12th!

U.N. Millennium Goals

http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/

Population Policies • Under Mao, China refused to

cooperate in pop. Control-viewed it as a “capitalist plot”

• Soviets in 1970s promoted population growth due to the loss of 26 million in WWII, Stalin exterminated another 30 million farmers, political opponents, etc.-gave awards for women with 10 or more kids.

• US Reagan, a conservative, refused to support family planning

Population Policies• Expansive Policies or Pro-

Natalist policies encourage large families e.g. Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Soviet Union & Ceausescu’s Romania & Mao’s China.

• Eugenic Population Policy-Nazi Germany favored “Aryans” over mentally ill or other undesirables.

• The Nazis tried to breed the super race of Nordic or Aryan types.

Population Policies• Restrictive or Anti-Natalist

Policies discourage births.• Policies vary- e.g. despite

Vatican policies, most Catholic Italians practice artificial birth control-Philippines (only Asian Catholic country) a different case-govt. restricts birth control.

• Some countries have learned that industrialization & urbanization do as much as government policy in controlling births.

Geography of Demography• Mao Zedong encouraged

population growth-after his death Deng Xiaoping called for control.

• 1979 launched the One Child Policy with goal of stabilizing at 1.2 billion by end of 20th cent.

• 1970s growth rate 2.4%• 1985 growth rate 1.1%• After 1982 more serious

enforcement-mandatory contraception after 1st child.

• If a 2nd child was born-parents were sterilized.

China’s One Child PolicyWhat are some of the limitations, unintended consequences, and contradictions found in government policies toward population

growth?

Geography of Demography• Recognized minorities (3%)

of pop. were exempt• Many rural Chinese defied

rule, hid pregnant women, failed to register births, prevented inspectors from visiting rural villages.

• Government took drastic action:– Violators were fired– Land was confiscated– Lost all benefits– Pregnant women were arrested

& forced to have abortions

Geography of Demography• First 6 years 70 million

abortions • 1980s about 20 million

sterilizations a year-3X as many women as men.

• Party Members were birth control police-got cash and promotion for enforcing the laws.

• 1984 One Child Policy was relaxed in the countryside-a couple with a daughter-2nd child after 4 years.

Geography of Demography• Corruption a major problem-

permitted to evade rule-bribe.• Fertility rates are rising as the

rules are relaxed.• One Child Policy was

practical-but rural tradition opposed the rule.

• Drive for Zero Population Growth eroded the traditions of Chinese society.

• Female infanticide a common occurrence.

Bottom Chinese woman recently released from jail for having 2nd child

Homework Tonight

• Read p.63-70• Continue working on

Ch#2 Review

AP Human Geography 10/8/15http://mrmilewski.com

• OBJECTIVE: Continue examination of population policies. APHugII-B.5

• Language Objective: Write about population policy.• I. Journal#13 pt.A -Read the following: -What's Driving the Decline in U.S. Population growth?• II. Journal#13 pt.B

-notes on population policies• Homework: Finish reading Chapter#2 • NOTICE: Chapter#2 Test Monday!

When Tests Are Out

• 1.) No Phones• 2.) No Phones• 3.) If your phone is

out, you will get negative 100 points on the test!

Population Growth Rate 2013

Geography of Demography

• China’s One-Child Policy created a generation of 90 million

• 119 boys for every 100 girls• 30 million unmarried men by

2020• 45% of Chinese women said

they don’t intend to wed.• 3/10 families have

grandparents living with them• Biggest demographic

revolution in history-Number of Elderly is rising-by 2050 about 30% of the population will be over 60-no pensions or social security.

Fun Facts• Beijing also enforces a 1 dog per family

rule-must be less than 14 inches tall.• China’s only children will have to support

two parents and perhaps 4 grandparents.

Population ofGermany, 1989

• Attendants or “pushers” on the Japan Train system.

• Despite having a declining population, Japan has a very high population density.

• Japan has a problem of an aging population & low birth rates.

• Japanese govt. bars immigration of foreign workers-solution automation-but it won’t solve the problem of an aging population.

• Singapore imposed a campaign of sterilization & abortion to curb growth-it worked.Singapore skyline and harbor

Low Growth in DenmarkSince the 1970s, with little population growth since then. Its

population pyramid shows increasing numbers of elderly and few children.

deblij_ch02_table01

Top 10 Leading Causes of Death in America - 2007 (2010)

1.) Heart Disease 616,067 (25.4%) 2.) Cancer 562,875 (23.2%) 3.) Stroke 135,952 (5.6%) 4.) Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases (Lung Diseases) 127,924 (5.3%) 5.) Accidents 123,706 (5.1%) 6.) Alzheimer's Disease 74,632 (3.1%) 7.) Diabetes 71,382 (2.9%) 8.) Influenza and Pneumonia 52,717 (2.2%) 9.) Kidney Disease 46,448 (1.9 percent) 10.) Septicemia (infection of the blood) 34,828 (1.4 percent)

http://www.howtolivealongerlife.com/2009/07/leading-causes-of-death-in-us.html

Population Pyramid of US Baby Boomers, 1960-2040• Pyramids can be based

on current, past or future projections.

• Note the progression of the baby boomer cohorts as they age.

• Note that the pyramid becomes a column by the year 2040 as birth rates remain below death rates for each cohort.

• Note also the significant number of women compared to men in the oldest age groups

Homework Tonight

• Finish Reading Chapter#2.

• Study for Ch#2 Test on Monday October 12th

AP Human Geography 10/9/15http://mrmilewski.com

• OBJECTIVE: Complete examination of population policies. APHugII-A.3&4 C.1.

• Language Objective: Write about population.• I. Watch the following: -Hans Rosling Brings Life, Humor, Sword-Swallowing to Global Health Statistics• II. Quiz#8• III. FRQ Day#4

-2013#2

• Homework: Study for the Ch#2 Test• NOTICE: Chapter#2 Test Monday!

Homework Tonight

• Complete Ch#2 Review.• Study for Ch#2 Test on

Monday October 6th

AP Human Geography 10/3/14http://mrmilewski.com

• OBJECTIVE: Review concepts in the second half of Chapter#2. APHugII-A,B,&C.

• Language Objective: Write about Pakistan.• I. Administrative Stuff

-Attendance.• II. Quiz#8• III. Film: Frontline

-Outlawed in Pakistan• NOTICE: Chapter#2 Test Monday October 6th!

Homework Tonight

• Study for Ch#2 Test on Monday October 6th