Blood returning from the lungs first enters the Answer right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle conus arteriosus Immunity that results from the natural exposure to an antigen in the environment is called __________ immunity. Answer active natural passive passive auto innate The first heart sound is heard when the Answer AV valves open AV valves close semilunar valves close atria contract blood enters the aorta The heart wall is composed of ____ layers of tissue. Answer 2
Transcript
Blood returning from the lungs first enters the Answer
right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle
conus arteriosus
Immunity that results from the natural exposure to an antigen in the environment is called __________ immunity. Answer
active
natural passive
passive
auto
innate
The first heart sound is heard when the Answer
AV valves open
AV valves close
semilunar valves close
atria contract
blood enters the aorta
The heart wall is composed of ____ layers of tissue. Answer
2
3
4
5
6
1.
Blood returning from the systemic circuit first enters the Answer
right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle
conus arteriosus
1.
The largest collection of lymphatic tissue in the adult body is located in the Answer
liver
thymus
tonsils
spleen
lymph nodes
1
During increased exercise Answer
vasoconstriction occurs at the active skeletal muscles
venous return increases
both cardiac output and stroke volume decrease
a and c only
all of the above
__________ are large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx. Answer
Tonsils
Peyer's patches
Lymph nodes
Immune complexes
Spleens
Blood leaving the right ventricle enters the Answer
pulmonary veins
pulmonary trunk
aorta
inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
During the isovolumetric phase of ventricular systole, the Answer
atria are contracting and the ventricles are relaxing
atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves are closed
blood is ejected into the great vessels
b and c only
all of the above
1 points
Elderly individuals usually have Answer
elevated hermatocrits
stiff inelastic arteries
decreased blood pressure
increased venous return
all of the above
Immunoglobulins that are single molecules and are mainly responsible for resistance against viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are Answer
IgA
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM
The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the Answer
internal jugular vein
external jugular vein
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
1.
Immunoglobulins that attach to mast cells and basophils and are involved in allergic reactions are Answer
IgA
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM
The cusps of atrioventricular valves are attached to papillary muscles by the Answer
pectinate muscles
trabeculae carneae
chordae tendineae
interatrial septa
coronary sulci
The term 'lymphadenopathy' refers to Answer
a congenital lack of lymph nodes
a chronic or excessive enlargement of lymph nodes
a condition characterized by large accumulations of lymphatic fluid in the tissue space
the lack of lymphocytes in peripheral circulation
diseases of the immune system characterized by increased numbers of circulating lymphocytes
1.
The only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluids are the Answer
arteries
arterioles
veins
venules
capillaries
1.
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the _____ pressure. Answer
critical closing
mean arterial
pulse
blood
circulatory
1.
The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are __________ cells. Answer
NK
plasma
helper T
cytotoxic T
suppressor T
1 points
Question 20
Question 20 1.
The cells that are actively involved in 'immunological surveillance' are the __________ cells. Answer
NK
plasma
B
helper T
suppressor T
The only antibodies that normally cross the placenta are Answer
IgA
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM
Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the __________ arteries. Answer
common carotid
common iliac
femoral
tibial
popliteal
Question 23
Question 23 1.
Suppressor T cells act to Answer
suppress antigens
limit the degree of memory in memory T cells
limit antigen proliferation
depress the responses of other T cells and B cells
produce antibodies involved in autoimmunity
Microphages include Answer
microglia
Kuppfer's cells
neutrophils
Langerhans cells
monocytes
Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and may play a role in regulation of the humoral immune response are Answer
IgA
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM
The primary function of the lymphatic system is Answer
circulation of nutrients
the transport of hormones
the production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes
the production, maintenance, and distribution of plasma proteins
both c and d
Question 27
The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery, the Answer
circle of Willis
common carotid artery
external carotid artery
internal carotid artery
basilar artery
Question 28 1.
The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the Answer
tunica intima
tunica externa
tunica media
tunica interna
tunica adventitia
Immunoglobulins that are composed of 5 single molecules joined together, and are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection are
Answer
IgA
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM
The left and right pulmonary arteries carry blood to the Answer
heart
lungs
brain
intestines
liver
1.
The pulmonary semilunar valve guards the entrance to the Answer
aorta
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary veins
right ventricle
left ventricle
The right atrium receives blood from the Answer
pulmonary veins
pulmonary trunk
aorta
inferior vena cava
conus arteriosus
The visceral pericardium is the same as the Answer
mediastinum
parietal pericardium
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called __________ immunity. Answer
active
natural passive
passive
auto
innate
As blood travels from the aorta towards a small vessel, the Answer
volume increases
resistance increases
thickness of the vessel increases
viscosity increases
diameter of the blood vessels increases
1.
An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the __________ artery. Answer
external carotid
subclavian
vertebral
azygos
maxillary
1.
Branches of the popliteal artery include the Answer
femoral artery
peroneal artery
iliac artery
dorsalis pedis
plantar arch
1.
The left ventricle pumps blood to the Answer
lungs
right ventricle
right atrium
systemic circuit
right atrium
1.
The circumflex branch and the anterior descending artery are branches of the Answer
right coronary artery
left coronary artery
interventricular artery
coronary sinus
aorta
1.
The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the Answer
T cells
B cells
NK cells
phagocytes
plasma cells
1.
The right ventricle pumps blood to the Answer
lungs
left ventricle
left atrium
systemic circuit
right atrium
The external iliac artery branches to form the __________ arteries. Answer
radial and ulnar
femoral and popliteal
femoral and tibial
tibial and popliteal
femoral and deep femoral
1.
The left and right pulmonary veins carry blood to the Answer
heart
lungs
brain
intestines
liver
1.
Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the Answer
right atrium
left atrium
lungs
aorta
systemic circuit
1.
Compared to arteries, veins Answer
are more elastic
have more smooth muscle in their tunica media
have a pleated endothelium
have thinner walls
hold their shape better when cut
1.
Capillaries that have a complete lining are called Answer
continuous capillaries
fenestrated capillaries
sinusoidal capillaries
sinusoids
vasa vasorum
Anatomically, lymph vessels resemble Answer
elastic arteries
muscular arteries
arterioles
medium veins
the vena cavae
1.
Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions are Answer
IgA
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM
The pacemaker cells of the heart are located in the Answer
Purkinje fibers
SA node
AV node
wall of the left ventricle
both the left and right ventricles
The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the Answer
common carotid artery
cerebral ring
circle of Willis
external carotid artery
none of the above
When renin is released from the juxtaglomerular cells Answer
angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II
angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I
angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys
blood pressure goes down
blood flow to the kidneys decreases
Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the Answer
p wave
t wave
s wave
QRS complex
PR complex
All of the various macrophages are derived from Answer
lymphocytes
monocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
The release of interleukin-1 by active macrophages would Answer
cause inflammation
produce a fever
activate complement
result in opsonization of pathogens
result in B-cell producing antibodies
1 points
Small veins of the brain empty into the Answer
coronary sinuses
dural sinuses
circle of Willis
external jugular vein
vertebral veins
Branches off the aortic arch include the Answer
right and left subclavian arteries
left subclavian artery only
left common carotid and right axillary arteries
brachio and right axillary arteries
both a and c
Major branches of the subclavian artery include the __________ artery(ies). Answer
radial
brachial
internal thoracic
digital
both b and c
Capillaries with an incomplete lining are called Answer
incomplete capillaries
continuous capillaries
fenestrated capillaries
sinuses
vasa vasorum
Baroreceptors that function in the regulation of blood pressure are located in the Answer
left ventricle
brain stem
carotid sinus
common iliac artery
pulmonary trunk
Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called __________ immunity. Answer
active
natural passive
passive
auto
innate
The classic pathway of 'complement fixation' occurs when Answer
C1 binds to the cell wall of bacteria
C1 binds to the cell membrane of bacteria
C1 binds to an antibody attached to an antigen
C1 binds to a cell surface antigen
C1 binds to a plasma protein
Drugs known as beta-blockers will Answer
increase heart rate
decrease heart rate
increase stroke volume
increase cardiac output
decrease the end-systolic volume
1 points
Question 63
Question 63 1.
In the lower leg, the femoral artery becomes the __________ artery. Answer
iliac
deep femoral
popliteal
tibial
peroneal
1 points
Question 64
Question 64 1.
The atrioventricular valve that is located on the side of the heart that receives the superior vena cava is the __________ valve. Answer
mitral
bicuspid
tricuspid
pulmonary semilunar
aortic semilunar
1 points
Question 65
Question 65 1.
Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are Answer
immunodeficiency diseases
autoimmune diseases
allergies
the result of stress
common in the elderly
1 points
Question 66
Question 66 1.
The bicuspid or mitral valve is located Answer
in the opening of the aorta
in the opening of the pulmonary trunk
where the vena cavae join the right atrium
between the right atrium and right ventricle
between the left atrium and left ventricle
1 points
Question 67
Question 67 1.
The T wave on an ECG tracing represents Answer
atrial depolarization
atrial repolarization
ventricular depolarization
ventricular repolarization
ventricular contraction
1 points
Question 68
Question 68 1.
The cardiac output is equal to the Answer
difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume
product of heart rate and stroke volume
difference between the stroke volume at rest and the stroke volume during exercise
stroke volume less the end-systolic volume
product of heart rate and blood pressure
1 points
Question 69
Question 69 1.
The superficial veins of the forearm drain into the __________ veins(s). Answer
axillary
cephalic and basilic
radial and ulnar
cephalic and brachial
innominate
1 points
Question 70
Question 70 1.
When the popliteal vein reaches the femur, it becomes the ___________ vein, before penetrating the abdominal wall. Answer
femoral
deep femoral
internal iliac
external iliac
lumbar
1 points
Question 71
Question 71 1.
The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the __________ vein. Answer
azygos
hemiazygos
axillary
brachial
basilic
1 points
Question 72
Question 72 1.
The heart lies in the Answer
pleural cavity
peritoneal cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
mediastinum
abdominal cavity
1 points
Question 73
Question 73 1.
The expandable extension of the atrium is the Answer
ventricle
coronary sinus
coronary sulcus
auricle
interatrial septum
1 points
Question 74
Question 74 1.
The coronary sulcus is a groove that Answer
marks the border between the atria and ventricles
marks the boundary line between the right and left ventricles
marks the boundary line between the right and left atria
separates the atrioventricular valves from the atria
separates the coronary arteries from the coronary veins
1 points
Question 75
Question 75 1.
Blood flow through a capillary is regulated by the Answer
vasa vasorum
capillary plexus
precapillary sphincter
arterial anastomosis
central channel
1 points
Question 76
Question 76 1.
In the upper arm, the axillary artery becomes the __________ artery. Answer
radial
ulnar
brachial
subclavian
digital
1 points
Question 77
Question 77 1.
______________ are clusters of lymphatic nodules located beneath the epithelial lining of the small
intestine. Answer
Tonsils
Adenoids
Peyer's patches
Immune complexes
Lymph glands
1 points
Question 78
Question 78 1.
After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the __________ artery. Answer
radial
ulnar
brachial
axillary
digital
1 points
Question 79
Question 79 1.
The ___________ divides the aorta into a superior thoracic aorta and an inferior abdominal aorta. Answer
pericardium
mediastinum
diaphragm
peritoneum
pleura
1 points
Question 80
Question 80 1.
Pulmonary veins carry blood to the Answer
right atrium
left atrium
lungs
aorta
systemic circuit
1 points
Question 81
Question 81 1.
The cells known as lymphocytes Answer
are inactive phagosomes
destroy red blood cells
produce proteins called antibodies or immunoglobulins
are primarily found in red bone marrow
decrease in number during infection
1 points
Question 82
Question 82 1.
The cells responsible for 'humoral' immunity are the __________ cells. Answer
NK
B
helper T
cytotoxic T
suppressor T
1 points
Question 83
Question 83 1.
Changes in the immune system that accompany aging include Answer
T cells becoming less responsive to antigens
more cytotoxic T cells responding to infections
increased numbers of T helper cells
higher levels of antibody after initial exposure to antigens
increased numbers of Langerhans cells
1 points
Question 84
Question 84 1.
Characteristics of 'specific defenses' include Answer
versatility
tolerance
memory
specificity
all of the above
1 points
Question 85
Question 85 1.
The brachial artery branches to form the radial and __________ arteries. Answer
