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AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities between the decline of the Meroeic Nubians and the Mycenaean Greek cultures. Neither the Mycenaeans nor Meroetic Nubians are said to have declined for just one reason. There are multiple causes of decline for both dynasties such as the environment and invaders.
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Page 1: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians.

• There were many similarities between the decline of the Meroeic Nubians and the Mycenaean Greek cultures.

• Neither the Mycenaeans nor Meroetic Nubians are said to have declined for just one reason.  There are multiple causes of decline for both dynasties such as the environment and invaders.  

Page 2: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

• The causes for economic decline in the Meroetic Nubians’ and the Mycenaeans’ cultures may have had to do with over use of natural resources, a severe drought, or a lack of trade for a sustained period of time.

• The Mycenaean and Nubian cultures were two great regions which primarily based their economies on trade, so much so that when they ran out the resources they used to trade, and their primary trade partners found other suppliers, it led to their decline and eventual annexation by stronger regions.

Page 3: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

• While both the Meroëtic Nubians’ and the Mycenaeans’ declines were at least partially due to economies too dependant on trade and attacks from invaders, some parts differed: for example, the Nubian’s decline was more economic-based when compared to the Mycenaeans mostly political fall. 

• The political and economical collapse of both Meroetic Nubians and Mycenaean society may have been caused by variables such as, invasion, overuse of resources, the inability to continue trading, and perhaps internal violence.

Page 4: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

Bronze & Iron Age Civilizations

Page 5: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

I. The “Cosmopolitan” Middle East (1700–1100 BCE)

A. Western Asia:

1. Hittites: first to use iron weapons

- from Anatolia- horse-drawn chariots- metal deposits

2. Assyrians: entire army outfitted w/ iron weapons

- metals trade 

Page 6: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

B. New Kingdom Egypt:

— conquest & expansion

C. Commerce & Communication:

1. Syria-Palestine area important crossroads for metals trade (Egyptians and Hittites)

2. copper—Anatolia & Cyprustin — Afghanistan silver/iron — Anatoliagold — Nubia

3. New modes of transportation: horses, chariots, & camels

Page 7: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.
Page 8: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.
Page 9: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

-- peninsula 

-- 75% mountains 

-- ocean resources (food &    trade)

-- grow olives, figs, grain,     fruit & grapes

D. Greek Geography

Page 10: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

II. The Aegean World (2000—1100 BCE)

A. Minoan Crete

1.  legend of King Minos (palace at             Knossos)

2.  ship builders & traders

3.  influenced by Egypt, Syria, &              Mesopotamia

4.  Gaia (“Earth-Mother”)

5.  destroyed…by Mycenaeans?

Page 11: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

Palace at Knossos

                                                           

 

Page 12: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

B. Mycenaean Culture

-- heavily influenced by Minoans-- intermarried with Hellenes people (Greeks)-- built massive walls around cities on hills-- warrior mythology-- epic poems (Homer’s Iliad & Odyssey)-- Linear B writing system

Page 13: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

Homer…blind epic poetIliad: Trojan prince Paris falls in love & kidnaps Helen (the wife of a Mycenaean king!)

Odyssey: story of the journey of Odysseus

Page 14: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.
Page 15: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

Trojan War: Characters

Greeks: Trojans:

Achilles Memnon Agamemnon Priam Menelaus Hector Odysseus Paris Nestor Ajax

Page 16: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.
Page 17: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

C. Mycenaean Politics & Economy:

1.  state-controlled economy

2.  political unity or…mostly extensive trade?

-- evidence of trade: wall paintings of ships in      Egypt & pottery around the Mediterranean

3.  Crete & Greece exported: 

-- wine, olive oil, weapons, craft goods, slaves,      & mercenaries

Page 18: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

D. Fall of Late Bronze Age Civilizations:

1.  destruction of old centers of civilization in Mesopotamia

2.  Hittites & Egyptians conquered

3.  Mycenaeans fall due to a combination of:

- increased conquest, yet internal collapse- destruction of trade routes- political unrest (palaces destroyed; Linear B gone)

4.  collapse of trade networks (particularly metals)

5.  “Dark Ages” of Mediterranean

Page 19: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

III. The Assyrian Empire (911–612 BCE)

Page 20: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

A. Geography

1. homeland in      Mesopotamia

2.   expanded along trade routes

3.   capital at Ninevah

Page 21: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

B. God & King

1.  Kings regarded as center of universe

2.  secular duties: military leadership

3.  religious duties: performance of rituals

4.  state propaganda created fear & awe

5.  public display of royal conquests & punishments

Page 22: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

C. Conquest & Control1.  Assyrian army: 500,000 troops

2.  military technology: iron weapons, cavalry, couriers, signal fires, spies

3.  techniques of conquest: terror tactics and mass deportation of civilians

4. Assyrian officials: collect tribute & taxes, maintain law & order

Problem: difficult to control vast & diverse empire

Page 23: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

D. Assyrian Society & Culture

1.  agricultural-based

2.  three major social strata: 

a.  land-owning citizensb.  farmers & artisansc.  slaves 

3.  preserved Mesopotamian  knowledge 

4.  mathematics & astronomy

5.  Library of Ashurbanipal & palace     called Hanging Gardens

Page 24: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

IV. Israelites (2000–500 BCE)

Modern Jerusalem (walls of the old city indicated by red arrow)

Page 25: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

A. Geography

1.  Israelites were nomadic   herders

2.  crossroads for trade, yet        few natural resources

3.  developed sedentary      agriculture

4.  1st monotheistic religion

http://www.sa-hebroots.com/history_middle-east_map.php

Page 26: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

B. Origins, Exodus, & Settlement

1.  early history of Israelites told in      Hebrew Bible (Torah)

2.  based on oral traditions (5th-cen. BCE)

3.  Abraham (“father of monotheism”)-- covenant with Yahweh (God) that   

       Jews are “chosen” people

4.  Egyptian captivity…exodus led by  Moses

5.  Israelites settlement in land of      Canaan

Page 27: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

C. The Monarchy 1.  Saul established monarchy; son  David 2nd king

2.  height of power under King Solomon:

      -built First Temple in Jerusalem      -temple priesthood powerful

3.  Social Life:

      -large extended families      -arranged marriage      -men allowed extramarital relations      -women: NO property/NO divorce      

Page 28: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

D. Fragmentation & Dispersal

1.  post-Solomon: Israel splits

2.  Assyrians conquer Israel (721 BCE)

3.  neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar invades (587 BCE)

4.  Jewish elites & craftsmen deported to Babylon… “Diaspora”

5.  institutions to preserve Jewish religion and culture developed:

-strict dietary rules (kosher)-the Sabbath

Page 29: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

The Western (Wailing) Wall in Jerusalem:most important of all Jewish monuments, it is the remnants of the Temple of Solomon after its destruction by the Romans in 70 A.D. 

Page 30: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

V. THE PHOENICIANS (1200–500 BCE)

Page 31: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

A. Phoenician City-States:

-- pushed into land between sea &     mountains in modern Lebanon

-- established number of small trading    city-states:

Tyre, Byblos, Berytus

-- invented 1st true alphabet 

Page 32: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

B. Expansion into the Mediterranean

1.  carried out by Tyre

2.  colonies spread to Cyprus, then N. Africa (Carthage), Spain, Sardinia, Sicily

 E, S, P causes of colonization?

-- shortage of agricultural land-- opportunities for trade -- Assyrian invasion

3.  conflict with Greeks over Sicily 

Page 33: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.
Page 34: AP World History Practice Thesis #2 Compare the political and economic causes of decline for the Mycenaeans and Meroёtic Nubians. There were many similarities.

C. Carthage’s Commercial Empire

1.  city governed by two judges

2.  powerful navy (citizen rowers)

3.  foreign policy focused on trade     empire , NOT just conquest 

CA$H MONEY!!!


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