D E P L O Y M E N T G U I D E
w w w. n o v e l l . c o mNetworking Services
environment on Novell¨ NetWare¨ 6
Apache/Tomcatas a Java development
Apache/Tomcat as a Javadevelopment environment on Novell NetWare 6
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I N F R A S T R U C T U R E S U P P O RT F O RW E B - B A S E D S E RV I C E S
C O N F I G U R I N G A PA C H E / TO M C AT A S A J AVA D E V E L O P M E N TE N V I R O N M E N T O N N E T WA R E 6
S T E P 1 . P R E - I M P L E M E N TAT I O NP L A N N I N G
S T E P 2 . D E T E R M I N E T H EC O N F I G U R AT I O N O F Y O U RN E T WA R E 6 S E RV E R
S T E P 3 . C R E AT E A D E D I C AT E DI N S TA N C E O F A PA C H E I NP R O T E C T E D S PA C E
S T E P 4 . C O N F I G U R E A NA D D I T I O N A L I N S TA N C E O F TO M C AT
A D D I T I O N A L I N F O R M AT I O N
tableof
contents
Configuring Apache/Tomcat onNovell NetWare 6
2
iNfrastructure
servicessupport
for Web-based
C O N F I G U R I N G A PA C H E / TO M C AT A S A
J AVA D E V E L O P M E N T E N V I R O N M E N T
O N N E T WA R E 6
Apache/Tomcat in combination with NetWare 6
provides a reliable and high performance
environment for the development and deployment
of Java applications. This guide provides a
step-by-step procedure for configuring an
Apache/Tomcat development and deployment
environment on a NetWare 6 server.
Novell highly recommends that you configure
the Apache/Tomcat application development and
deployment environment on a NetWare 6 server
that is dedicated to that purpose. By separating
your development and deployment environment,
you minimize the possibility of interference
between your development environment and the
NetWare 6 management infrastructure. In addition,
you donÕt interrupt the production environment
every time you bring down and restart (ÒbounceÓ)
the development environment. Because Apache
has a small memory footprint and is easy on
system resources, running multiple instances
of Apache has only minimal impact on the
NetWare 6 server.
NOTE: Tomcat also works with the Novell
Enterprise Server and the combination
offers a highly efficient Web environment.
ThatÕs because the Novell Enterprise Server
takes full advantage of the multi-processing
capabilities of NetWare 6 and has been optimized
for NetWare 6 in a number of areas including
Novell¨ NetWare¨ 6 includes a combination of the Apache Web Server, and the Tomcat
servlet and JSP container. Tomcat is the official reference implementation for the Java
Servlet and JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology. It brings Java application capability to
the Apache Web Server.
Novell has incorporated Apache/Tomcat into NetWare 6 to provide infrastructure
support for many of the new Novell Web-based services such as iFolder, Web Access and
iManage. NetWare 6 installs four Apache/Tomcat components by default:
¥ Apache 1.3.2.0 for NetWare 6
¥ Tomcat 3.2.2 for NetWare 6
¥ Tomcat 3.3 for NetWare 6
¥ Java Virtual Machine 1.3 for NetWare 6
Configuring Apache/Tomcat onNovell NetWare 6
3
memory caching. This guide, however,
focuses on the Apache/Tomcat combination.
S T E P 1 . P R E - I M P L E M E N TAT I O N
P L A N N I N G
First, you need to decide how to configure your
Java development environment. You have three
configuration options:
¥ Standalone containers
¥ Out-of-process containers
¥ In-process containers
Because of its fast performance and ease of
configuration, Novell recommends configuring your
development and deployment environment in the
in-process containers configuration. As a result,
this guide presents the procedure for configuring
Apache/Tomcat in the in-process containers
configuration only. Descriptions of the other two
configurations are included for completeness.
Standalone Containers
Tomcat works well as a standalone container.
(A standalone servlet container provides Web or
http services in direct response to requests for
Web pages, servlets and Java server pages.)
In this configuration, Tomcat renders all static
html, images and formats as well as business
processes executed through Java services.
The Web server is not involved.
With this configuration, access would be
through a port other than port 80 (typically port
8080). This could result in conflicts with other
services, such as Novell BorderManager services,
that also use Port 8080; however, you will be
implementing the in-process containers
configuration for your development and
deployment environment, and running the
environment in a separate server partition.
So you donÕt have to worry about this potential
port conflict.
Out-of-process Containers
This configuration option involves the utilization
of two memory spaces. The first memory space
supports the Web server and the Java Plug-in.
The second memory space supports the Java
Virtual Machine (JVM) and the servlet container.
In this configuration, the Web server(s)
could be running on another platform that
may be NetWare or another operating system
such as Solaris, AIX or Linux. By running Tomcat
and the JVM on NetWare 6, you leverage the
multi-processing capabilities of NetWare 6.
Communication between the plug-in and the
container usually occurs over TCP/IP. In some
Java application servers, however, communication
may use another protocol such as IIOP or a
proprietary protocol.
There is both an advantage and a disadvantage
to the out-of-process containers configuration.
Advantage: By separating the presentation task
from the business logic and running the
business logic elsewhere, you off-load much
of the processing that would otherwise
be performed by your servlet container.
This increases scalability and reliability.
Disadvantage: The servlets must use an
external protocol to communicate between
the two memory spaces. This could negatively
impact performance.
Server, you will have one instance of Apache
running in kernel space, the Novell Enterprise
server also running in kernel space, and one
instance of Apache running in protected space.
NOTE: If your goal is a simple uncluttered
development environment, Novell recommends
that you select Express Install.
You can use the NetWare server console to
determine the configuration of your NetWare 6
server. You can access the console either directly
from the server, or you can access it remotely
through your Web browser using the NetWare
Web Manager utility. To use this utility, you must
either have rights to it or be logged in as NetWare
Admin. You must also use the secure socket mode
or you will be denied access.
To access the NetWare 6 server console from
your Web browser, perform the following steps:
1. Enter https://[hostname] or https://[IP
address]:2200. You will be prompted for a
user name and password.
2. Enter your user name and password.
In response, the browser will display the
NetWare Web Manager opening screen.
The access options displayed will vary
depending on the installation choices you
made during the NetWare 6 setup.
3. Click on NetWare Remote Manager.
The browser will display the Remote
Manager screen.
4. Select the Console option under the Manage
Server heading on the left side of the screen.
The browser will display on the right side of
4
Configuring Apache/Tomcat onNovell NetWare 6
In-process Containers
In this configuration, the servlet container runs
in the same memory space as the Web server,
so they both run on the same physical hardware
under NetWare 6. The Tomcat plug-in negotiates
the interaction between the two processes.
Performance is fast because this configuration takes
full advantage of the highly efficient NetWare 6
operating system. This guide assumes you have
selected the in-process containers configuration.
S T E P 2 . D E T E R M I N E T H E
C O N F I G U R AT I O N O F Y O U R
N E T WA R E 6 S E RV E R
Before configuring a new instance of
Apache/Tomcat running in protected space,
you should determine the instances of Apache
currently running on your NetWare 6 server.
This is because you need to ensure that the new
instance of Apache/Tomcat that you implement
does not conflict with existing instances.
To determine the instances of Apache
currently running on your NetWare 6 server,
you need to determine the configuration of the
server. The configuration will vary depending on
the options you selected when you originally
installed NetWare 6.
If you selected the Express Install option,
you will have one instance of Apache running in
kernel space and one instance of Tomcat configured
to run with the Java Virtual Machine 1.3 for
NetWare 6. If you did not select Express Install,
the configuration will vary depending on the
product options you chose. For example, if you
chose iFolder and the Novell Enterprise Web
5
the screen all currently running programs.
You should see, at a minimum, that Tomcat is
running. You may or may not see the Apache
or Novell Web Server running.
5. Click on Console Screens on the right side
of the window. That opens a remote display
of the NetWare server console on your
browser. From this point on, you operate
just as if you were sitting at the local
NetWare server console.
To determine the configuration of your server:
¥ Enter the command [m apache] at the
command prompt on the local or remote
NetWare server console. The console displays
a screen that indicates all the instances of
Apache running on the server in both kernel
and protected space. You will probably see
one instance of Apache running in Kernel
space. You may also see one or more instances
of Apache running in protected space.
NOTE: If you enter [ctrl Ð escape] instead of
[m apache], the console will display a
selection of open screens. This, however,
may or may not represent the complete
story in that the instance of Apache
configured for kernel space by default
is not displayed.
S T E P 3 . C R E AT E A D E D I C AT E D
I N S TA N C E O F A PA C H E I N
P R O T E C T E D S PA C E
To simplify the process of loading the new instance
of Apache in protected space, Novell recommends
that you create two ncf files: one for starting the
Apache server and one for stopping it. You can
create these files using almost any text editor,
including the NetWare console editor and the
GUI editor included with NetWare 6.
To create the startup file, enter the line:
Load address space = apache apache.nlm
into the text editor and save the file to
the Apache directory as startfilename.ncf,
where startfilename is any file name
you choose.
To create the stop file, enter the line:
unload address space = apache apache.nlm
into the text editor and save the file to
the Apache directory as stopfilename.ncf,
where stopfilename is any file name
you choose.
By using these ncf files to start and stop the
additional instance of Apache, you help ensure that
you bring down the correct instance of Apache when
you need to bounce your development Web server.
S T E P 4 . C O N F I G U R E A N A D D I T I O N A L
I N S TA N C E O F TO M C AT
You also need to configure an additional instance
of Tomcat dedicated to your development and
deployment environment. There are three major
reasons to do this:
¥ You minimize the possibility of interference
between your development environment and
the NetWare 6 management infrastructure.
¥ You do not interrupt the production
environment every time you bounce the
development environment.
Configuring Apache/Tomcat onNovell NetWare 6
6
¥ You enable servlet and JSP development
to take advantage of auto configuration,
much of which uses the auto-configuration
capabilities of Tomcat and its ability to
deploy Web ARchive (WAR) files. (Tomcat in
NetWare 6 is configured by default to support
the management infrastructure of NetWare 6
utilizing static files.)
To configure an additional instance of Tomcat,
you need to edit a few files.
NOTE: Novell recommends you take a careful look
at the port configuration of the server before
you begin making changes. If at installation
time you elected to install all the product
options available on your NetWare 6 server,
you may have ports configured of which you
are unaware. In addition, if you chose to
use more than one IP address on your server,
you may also have multiple instances of the
same ports associated with different IP
addresses on that server.
You can use the TCPCON utility from the server
console (either local or remote) to determine
which ports are in use on your NetWare 6 server.
To do so, enter the following sequence of
commands at the console command prompt:
1. TCPCON
2. Protocol Information
3. TCP
4. TCP Connections
5. Enter
6. Down arrow
In response, the console displays a screen that
indicates the ports in use on the NetWare 6 server.
Edit the adminserv.conf File
By default, NetWare 6 configures Tomcat to work
in tandem with Apache as a management interface
for the Novell Enterprise Web Server. The ncf file
that brings up the first instance of Apache is
[nvxadmup]. If you type Apache at the NetWare
console to restart Apache after stopping it,
it will invoke a different configuration file for
the first instance of Apache and that will cause
your management interfaces to cease operation.
So remember to use [nvxadmup] when working with
the management instance of Apache. To prevent
potential conflicts, you should create a new ncf
file with a different name. This new file will be
used to bring up the new instance of Tomcat that
will be associated with your second Apache that
you will use for development.
The nvxadmup.ncf (located in the NetWare 6
System directory) invokes the configuration
file adminserv.conf. You need to edit the
adminserv.conf file using the following procedure:
1. Navigate to a drive mapping that gives you
access to the NetWare 6 server. You will see
an Apache directory on the sys: volume.
2. Locate and then navigate to the conf sub
directory from the Apache directory.
3. Using a text editor, open adminserv.conf
and comment out the Port 80 configuration.
(This configuration causes the first instance of
Apache to listen on Port 80.) Commenting out
the configuration frees up Port 80 to permit
Configuring Apache/Tomcat onNovell NetWare 6
7
Edit the workers.properties File
Because you changed the port designations
in server.xml, you will also need to change the
port designations in the workers.properties file:
1. From your network drive mapping,
select the workers.properties file in the
Tomcat\33\conf\jk directory.
NOTE: Be careful not to confuse the
workers.properties file with the
nwworkers.properties file that references
your management configuration.
2. Open the workers.properties file in the
editor and go down approximately 85 lines
into the file.
3. Change the entry located under
#--------DEFAULT ajp12 WORKER DEFINITION
--------# for worker.ajp12 from port 8007
to port 8017.
4. Change the entry located under
#--------DEFAULT ajp13 WORKER DEFINITION
--------# for worker.ajp13 from port 8009
to port 8019. (This is the entry following
the one you modified in the previous step.)
5. Save the file
Edit the tomcat33.ncf File
Next, edit the tomcat33.ncf file:
1. From your network drive mapping,
select the tomcat33.ncf file in the
Tomcat\33\bin directory.
2. Open the file in the editor and go to the
last line in the file.
3. Change the end of the last line from
[nwserver.xml] to [server.xml].
Configuring Apache/Tomcat onNovell NetWare 6
the second instance of Apache to listen on it.
(The first instance of Apache also listens
on Port 2200.)
USEFUL TIP: Use double sharps when
commenting so you can distinguish
your comments from those made by
someone else.
4. Save the file
Edit the server.xml file
Next, you must edit the server.xml file located in
the Tomcat/33/conf directory:
1. From the text editor, open the server.xml file
in the Tomcat\33\conf directory.
NOTE: Be careful not to confuse the server.xml
file with the nwserver.xml file that controls
some of the configuration settings for your
management instance of Apache.
2. Do a search on [8009] and replace it with a
port designation of 8019. (Port 8019 should
be available on your server.) NetWare Remote
Manager is configured to run on Port 8009 and
would conflict with one of the Tomcat AJP13
workers when you bring up the second
instance of Tomcat.
NOTE: Although it is probably not in use,
you may also want to change the port
designation 8007 (located a few lines
above 8009) to 8017 just for consistency.
3. Search for ApacheConfig,forward All = ÒtrueÓ
and uncomment this line.
4. Save the file.
8
4. Save the file under a new name.
NOTE: Be careful not to overwrite the
original tomcat33.ncf file.)
Edit the httpd.conf File
Next, edit the httpd.conf file:
1. From your network drive mapping select the
httpd.conf file in the Apache\conf directory,
which is in the Apache directory.
2. Open the file in the editor and go to the
bottom of the file.
3. Add the following line to the bottom of
the file:
Include sys:/tomcat/33/conf/auto/
mod_jk.conf
NOTE: This edit enables Apache to hand off
requests involving servlets and JSP pages
to Tomcat. This requires a plug-in called
mod_JK. The necessary mappings are
created when you start the Tomcat
servlet/JSP engine. The startup process
creates a new file called mod_JK.conf in
the sys:/tomcat/33/conf/auto directory.
4. Save the file.
At this point, you need to stop and restart
both Tomcat and Apache to reinitialize
the system. Restart Tomcat first and then
Apache because Apache needs to read the
configuration information that is created in
the mod_jk.conf file. When the system restarts,
you should see the new mod_JK.conf file that
has been created.
You should now test your configuration:
1. Open your browser and enter either the IP
address of your server or its hostname and
then type /examples after it. This should
bring up the Tomcat servlet/JSP examples
page, which displays two sample categories,
one for servlets and the other for JSPs.
(If the page doesnÕt display, check to make
sure that both Apache and Tomcat are
running, and that you have a mapping to
the examples page that was generated in
the mod_jk.conf file.)
2. Select the jsp/ category. A page that contains
several JSP examples should display. You can
execute a JSP from this page and also see the
source code for the page.
3. Select the date JSP and click execute.
A page should display that shows date
information, including day of month, year,
time, date, day of week, day of year, week
of year, and zone offset.
Congratulations, you have just created a Java development and employment environment that
takes full advantage of the efficiency, fast performance and high reliability of NetWare 6. Now your
developers can work in a protected environment that they can bounce at will, without disturbing any
other services on the server.
Configuring Apache/Tomcat onNovell NetWare 6
9
Configuring Apache/Tomcat onNovell NetWare 6
A D D I T I O N A L I N F O R M AT I O N
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Last updated October 2, 2001