Introduction to Linked DataE-Culture Working Group

APAN Bandung 2014 Andrew Howard - The Australian National University

rdfs:rdf:

dc:

dcterms:

xsd:

foaf:

owl:

dbpedia:

TGNyago:

skos:

Demo• Find and display places of interest within some distance of the

current location on a map with the data retrieved from Wikipedia

SELECT DISTINCT (str(?label) as ?label) ?lng ?lat ?abstract ?link ?thumbnail (GROUP_CONCAT(?type; separator=',') as ?types) WHERE { ?res <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#long> ?lng. ?res <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#lat> ?lat. ?res rdfs:label ?label . ?res foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf ?link. ?res <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/thumbnail> ?thumbnail. ?res <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract> ?abstract. ?res rdf:type ?type_url . ?type_url rdfs:label ?type . MINUS {?res a <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/PopulatedPlace>}. FILTER ((?lng > 107.60059118270874 AND ?lng < 107.61589050292967 AND ?lat > -6.920153640158125 AND ?lat < -6.909630654323788) AND LANG(?label)='en' AND LANG(?abstract)='en' AND LANG(?type)='en') } Limit 1000

The problem space• How to classify a wide range of information about something in a

way that can express the physical, conceptual and structural which can describe the information encoded, supports different languages, is machine readable, can be extended to express additional information and handles a spectrum of detail.

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ICC_Profile:ProfileCopyright='Copyright (c) 1998 Hewlett-Packard Company' ICC_Profile:ProfileDescription='sRGB IEC61966-2.1' ICC_Profile:MediaWhitePoint='0.95045 1 1.08905' ICC_Profile:MediaBlackPoint='0 0 0' ICC_Profile:RedMatrixColumn='0.43607 0.22249 0.01392' ICC_Profile:GreenMatrixColumn='0.38515 0.71687 0.09708' ICC_Profile:BlueMatrixColumn='0.14307 0.06061 0.7141' ICC_Profile:DeviceMfgDesc='IEC http://www.iec.ch' ICC_Profile:DeviceModelDesc='IEC 61966-2.1 Default RGB colour space - sRGB' ICC_Profile:ViewingCondDesc='Reference Viewing Condition in IEC61966-2.1' ICC_Profile:Luminance='76.03647 80 87.12462' ICC_Profile:Technology='Cathode Ray Tube Display' ICC_Profile:RedTRC='(Binary data 2060 bytes, use -b option to extract)' ICC_Profile:GreenTRC='(Binary data 2060 bytes, use -b option to extract)' ICC_Profile:BlueTRC='(Binary data 2060 bytes, use -b option to extract)' ICC-view:ViewingCondIlluminant='19.6445 20.3718 16.8089' ICC-view:ViewingCondSurround='3.92889 4.07439 3.36179' ICC-view:ViewingCondIlluminantType='D50' ICC-meas:MeasurementObserver='CIE 1931' ICC-meas:MeasurementBacking='0 0 0' ICC-meas:MeasurementGeometry='Unknown (0)' ICC-meas:MeasurementFlare='0.999%' ICC-meas:MeasurementIlluminant='D65' IFD0:Make='SONY' IFD0:Model='DSC-W70' IFD0:Orientation='Horizontal (normal)' IFD0:XResolution='72' IFD0:YResolution='72' IFD0:ResolutionUnit='inches' IFD0:ModifyDate='2009:09:18 17:24:05' ExifIFD:ExposureTime='1/100' ExifIFD:FNumber='2.8' ExifIFD:ExposureProgram='Program AE' ExifIFD:ISO='640' ExifIFD:ExifVersion='0221' ExifIFD:DateTimeOriginal='2009:09:18 17:24:05' ExifIFD:CreateDate='2009:09:18 17:24:05' ExifIFD:CompressedBitsPerPixel='8' ExifIFD:ExposureCompensation='0'

ExifIFD:MaxApertureValue='2.8' ExifIFD:MeteringMode='Center-weighted average' ExifIFD:LightSource='Unknown' ExifIFD:Flash='Off, Did not fire' ExifIFD:FocalLength='6.3 mm' ExifIFD:FlashpixVersion='0100' ExifIFD:ColorSpace='sRGB' ExifIFD:ExifImageWidth='3072' ExifIFD:ExifImageHeight='2304' ExifIFD:CustomRendered='Normal' ExifIFD:ExposureMode='Auto' ExifIFD:WhiteBalance='Auto' ExifIFD:SceneCaptureType='Standard' ExifIFD:Contrast='Normal' ExifIFD:Saturation='Normal' ExifIFD:Sharpness='Normal' XMP-x:XMPToolkit='XMP Core 4.4.0' XMP-dc:Description='' XMP-dc:Subject='[From MobileMe]' XMP-dc:Title='DSC02682' Composite:Aperture='2.8' Composite:ImageSize='3072x2304' Composite:ShutterSpeed='1/100' Composite:FocalLength35efl='6.3 mm' Composite:LightValue='6.9'

Metadata

Metadata ExifTool:ExifToolVersion='9.27' System:FileName='DSC02682.jpg' System:Directory='.' System:FileSize='6.9 MB' System:FileModifyDate='2013:10:23 16:38:59+11:00' System:FileAccessDate='2014:01:16 11:19:57+11:00' System:FileInodeChangeDate='2013:10:23 20:00:44+11:00' System:FilePermissions='rw-r--r-x' File:FileType='JPEG'! File:MIMEType='image/jpeg' File:CurrentIPTCDigest='05d527abc9c08dc95c357f7c93492053' File:ExifByteOrder='Big-endian (Motorola, MM)' File:ImageWidth='3072'! File:ImageHeight='2304'! File:EncodingProcess='Baseline DCT, Huffman coding'

File:BitsPerSample='8' File:ColorComponents='3' File:YCbCrSubSampling='YCbCr4:4:4 (1 1)' JFIF:JFIFVersion='1.01' JFIF:ResolutionUnit='inches' JFIF:XResolution='72' JFIF:YResolution='72' IPTC:CodedCharacterSet='UTF8' IPTC:ApplicationRecordVersion='2' IPTC:ObjectName='DSC02682' IPTC:Keywords='From MobileMe' Photoshop:IPTCDigest='05d527abc9c08dc95c357f7c93492053' ICC-header:ProfileCMMType='Lino' ICC-header:ProfileVersion='2.1.0' ICC-header:ProfileClass='Display Device Profile' ICC-header:ColorSpaceData='RGB ' ICC-header:ProfileConnectionSpace='XYZ ' ICC-header:ProfileDateTime='1998:02:09 06:49:00' ICC-header:ProfileFileSignature='acsp'

ICC-header:PrimaryPlatform='Microsoft Corporation' ICC-header:CMMFlags='Not Embedded, Independent' ICC-header:DeviceManufacturer='IEC ' ICC-header:DeviceModel='sRGB' ICC-header:DeviceAttributes='Reflective, Glossy, Positive, Color' ICC-header:RenderingIntent='Perceptual' ICC-header:ConnectionSpaceIlluminant='0.9642 1 0.82491' ICC-header:ProfileCreator='HP ' ICC-header:ProfileID='0' ICC_Profile:ProfileCopyright='Copyright (c) 1998 Hewlett-Packard Company' ICC_Profile:ProfileDescription='sRGB IEC61966-2.1' ICC_Profile:MediaWhitePoint='0.95045 1 1.08905' ICC_Profile:MediaBlackPoint='0 0 0' ICC_Profile:RedMatrixColumn='0.43607 0.22249 0.01392' ICC_Profile:GreenMatrixColumn='0.38515 0.71687 0.09708'

Data

Face1Face2

Data !

Face1 Name Biography !Face2 Name Biography !Event Name Event Location Event Date !Copyright and attribution

Exploring connectionsData

!Face1 Name Biography !Face2 Name Biography !Event Name Event Location Event Date !Copyright and attribution !!

Linked data !Retrieve the Biography by searching for a Name. !!!!Face(1):Name and Face(2):Name were at an Event at a Location and Date. !Find others who were also at the Event or at the same Location on the same Date. !

The Foundations !

XMLSchema, RDF and Dublin Core

URI• universal resource identifier!

• Just like a URL, describes a document location

• Adds a description of concepts

• A pointer to a resource and concept ! http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date ! http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# ! http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class ! http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Building/floorArea

Namespaces• Also known as prefixes

• Defines a more readable form/abbreviation for a URI http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Building/floorArea !! @prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix dbp: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/> . ! dc:date rdfs:Class dbp:Building/floorArea

Namespace Description

dc Dublin Core Metadata Element Set

dcam Dublin Core abstract model Ontology for a few terms of the DCMI abstract model from the http://purl.org/dc/dcam/ namespace

dcmitype Dublin Core Type Vocabulary

dcterms Dublin Core Metadata Terms

doap Description of a Project (DOAP) vocabulary

The Description of a Project (DOAP) vocabulary, described using W3C RDF Schema and the Web Ontology Language.

foaf Friend of a Friend (FOAF) vocabulary

grddlGleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages

owl The OWL 2 Schema vocabulary (OWL 2)

This ontology partially describes the built-in classes and properties that together form the basis of the RDF/XML syntax of OWL 2. The content of this ontology is based on Tables 6.1 and 6.2 in Section 6.4 of the OWL 2 RDF-Based Semantics specification, available at http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-rdf-based-semantics/.

rdf The RDF Vocabulary (RDF)

rdfs The RDF Schema vocabulary (RDFS)

skos SKOS VocabularyAn RDF vocabulary for describing the basic structure and content of concept schemes such as thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, 'folksonomies', other types of controlled vocabulary, and also concept schemes embedded in glossaries and terminologies.

vann A vocabulary for annotating vocabulary descriptions

Describes a vocabulary for annotating descriptions of vocabularies with examples and usage notes.

vs SemWeb Vocab Status ontology

This vocabulary was created in the FOAF project, based on experience with FOAF, Dublin Core and other early RDF vocabularies. Deployment experience shows that changing namespace URIs is expensive and unrewarding, so this vocabulary provides terms to support in-place evolution of structured data vocabularies. By indicating status at the level of terms rather than vocabularies, dictionary-style, fine grained improvements become easier. Different organizations and parties can agree or disagree on the status of a vocabulary term; however the status published alongside the term may deserve special attention. Future work could include patterns for citing announcements and decisions, or using SKOS to decentralise the extension of the basic status levels.

xsd XML Schema description

Finding all the pieces• Schema are published in a variety of forms

• RDF/XML, Turtle, OWL, JSON, HTML

• The location specified in the prefix typically negotiates content

• if you use a browser you see the documentation

• if you use a rdf tool you get RDF/XML or Turtle

• No single canonical source

• No global common definitions of prefixes

Resources!

• Examples used in this presentation

http://www.ozemu.com/apan37/linkeddata/

• vocab.org

• prefix.cc

• visualizing.org

• openstreetmap.org

• openweatherdata.org

• sensorpedia.com

• dbpedia.org

XML Schema Primitive Datatypes

xsd: (XML Schema Description Primitive Datatypes )

string boolean decimal float double duration* dateTime time date gYearMonth gYear gMonthDay

gDay gMonth hexBinary base64Binary anyURI QNAME* NOTATION

!

XML Schema Primitive Datatypes

xsd: (XML Schema Description Primitive Datatypes )

Constraining facets !length minLength maxLength pattern enumeration whitespace preserve, replace, collapse

XML Schema Derived Datatypes

xsd: (XML Schema Description Primitive Datatypes )

normalizedString token language NMTOKEN NMTOKENS Name NCName ID IDREF IDREFS ENTITY ENTITIES integer nonPositiveInteger

negativeInteger long int short byte nonNegativeInteger unsignedLong unsignedInt unsignedShort unsignedByte positiveInteger

The building blocks for describing descriptions

xsd: (XML Schema Description Primitive and Derived Datatypes )

rdfs: (RDF Schema) rdf:

(RDF Syntax)

xsd: (XML Schema Description Primitive and Derived Datatypes )

rdfs: (RDF Schema)

rdf: (RDF Syntax)

Inference Graph

xsd: (XML Schema Description Primitive and Derived Datatypes )

rdfs: (RDF Schema)

rdf: (RDF Syntax)

dc: (Unqualified Dublin Core)

dcterms: (Qualified Dublin Core)

dcmitypes: (Qualified Dublin Core)

Dublin Core• The primary description system for most library collections

• Two forms

• Simple [ dc: ]

• Defines the names of descriptions (called elements or fields) but no types

• Qualified [ dcterms: ]

• Defines both the names of the elements and the type of the data which should be used. Compatible with and extends Simple.

• Use Qualified Dublin Core when possible

Simple Dublin Core [ dc: ] Title

Creator

Subject

Description

Publisher

Contributor

Date

Type

Format

Identifier

Source

Language

Relation

Coverage

Rights

Simple Dublin Core [ dc: ]• Identifying Simple and Qualified Dublin core:

• Simple Dublin Core fields use mixed case (for example; dc:Subject, dc:Title)

• Qualified Dublin Core use lower case (for example; dcterms:subject, dcterms:title but may also be seen as dc:subject and dc:title)

• Examination of the encoding form of the data may be required

• All fields are optional

• All fields are repeatable

Qualified Dublin Core [ dcterms: ]• A refinement of the original Dublin Core standard to refine, qualify

and narrow the structure of the data which should be stored in each field/element.

• Adds a set of encoding schemes for the fields/elements which supports:

• Format notation and Parsing Rules which allow structured interpretation of the data

• Controlled Vocabularies

Qualified Dublin Core (continued) [dcterms:]• abstract

• accessRights

• accrualMethod

• accrualPeriodicity

• accrualPolicy

• alternative

• audience

• available

• bibliographicCitation

• conformsTo

• contributor!

• coverage!

• created

• creator!

• date!

• dateAccepted

• dateCopyrighted

• dateSubmitted

• description!

• educationLevel

• extent

• format!

• hasFormat

• hasPart

• hasVersion

• identifier!

• instructionalMethod

• isFormatOf

• isPartOf

• isReferencedBy

• isReplacedBy

• isRequiredBy

• issued

• isVersionOf

• language!

• license

• mediator

• medium

• modified

• provenance

• publisher!

• references

• relation!

• replaces

• requires

• rights!

• rightsHolder

• source!

• spatial

• subject!

• tableOfContents

• temporal

• title!

• type!

• valid

xsd: (XML Schema Description Primitive and Derived Datatypes )

rdfs: (RDF Schema)

rdf: (RDF Syntax)

DC: (Unqualified Dublin Core)

dcterms: (Qualified Dublin Core)

dc:(elements) (Qualified Dublin Core)

owl: (OWL Schema Vocabulary)

xsd: (XML Schema Description Primitive and Derived Datatypes )

rdfs: (RDF Schema)

rdf: (RDF Syntax)

DC: (Unqualified Dublin Core)

dcterms: (Qualified Dublin Core)

dc:(elements) (Qualified Dublin Core)

owl: (OWL Schema Vocabulary)

vann: (A vocabulary for annotating vocabulary descriptions)

vs: (SemWeb Vocab Status ontology)

grddl: (Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages)

skos: (SKOS Vocabulary)

Foundation Schema

Foundation Schema

xsd: (XML Schema Description Primitive and Derived Datatypes )

rdfs: (RDF Schema)

rdf: (RDF Syntax)

DC: (Unqualified Dublin Core)

dcterms: (Qualified Dublin Core)

dc:(elements) (Qualified Dublin Core)

owl: (OWL Schema Vocabulary)

vann: (A vocabulary for annotating vocabulary descriptions)

vs: (SemWeb Vocab Status ontology)

grddl: (Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages)

skos: (SKOS Vocabulary)

Foundation Schema

foaf: (Friend of a Friend Schema)

dbpedia: (DBPedia subjects)

schema: (schema.org subjects)

frbr: (FRBR subjects)

Crosswalk schema: <—> dbpedia:

Crosswalk dbpedia: <—> frbr:

Crosswalks: Linking Data• Define sameAs relationships between schema classes and

properties

• schema1:SubjectA schema2:Subject2XYZ

• for example:

• dcterms:coverage.x sameAs

• schema:Thing.Intangible.StructuredValue.GeoCoordinates.latitude

Controlled Vocabularies• Controlled Vocabularies are a set of common definitions

• Typically a key/value/label combination

• May be flat or hierarchical

• Common example is a selection list or box where you can choose from one or a set of values

• Many Controlled Vocabularies exist supporting the common interchange of information through the use of a carefully selected list of terms, words or phrases which may be broad or specific to a particular area of research or classification

• Multilingual Controlled Vocabularies support interchange of information across cultural and language boundaries

Controlled Vocabulary examplesVocabulary Description

MESH The set of labeled concepts specified by the Medical Subject Headings.

DCMIType The set of classes specified by the DCMI Type Vocabulary, used to categorize the nature or genre of the resource.

UDC The set of conceptual resources specified by the Universal Decimal Classification.

IMT The set of media types specified by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.

NLM The set of conceptual resources specified by the National Library of Medicine Classification.

DDC The set of conceptual resources specified by the Dewey Decimal Classification.

LCSH The set of labeled concepts specified by the Library of Congress Subject Headings.

TGN The set of places specified by the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.

LCC The set of conceptual resources specified by the Library of Congress Classification.

RDF Summary• XMLSchema

• Data types

• RDF Syntax & Schema

• Dublin Core

• Simple & Qualified

• Controlled Vocabularies

How do you use it

Face1Face2

How to describe !

Face Name Biography Institutional affiliation !Event Name Location Name Street Address, City, Country Latitude and Longitude Date !Image Copyright and attribution

Information Axis

DescriptionPlaces

PeopleEvents Subjects

Objects

Other

Temporal

Biographical, Social

SpatialAbstract

!Conceptual

Physical !

StructuralDistinct !

Periodic

Information Axis

Places

PeopleEvents Subjects

Objects

Temporal

Biographical, Social

Spatial

Abstract !

Conceptual

Physical !

StructuralDistinct !

Periodic

Mt FujiFace1 Face2

Mt Fuji

What to Describe • Dependant on the context of the asset

• What information is important to describe

• Who is the target audience

• How could the asset be connected to other information or other similar assets

• What discipline or area of study is represented

• Person

• Name

• Biography

• Institutional Affiliation

• Face image

• Event

• Time and Date

• Web site address

• Event attended by

• List of People

• Event organised by

• Organising Committee

• Event Committee

• Location of Event

• Name of Location

• Latitude and Longitude of Location

Face1Face2

Describing content• Time, Date and Location

• Mt Fuji

• Geographic

• Snow coverage

• Volcanic activity

• Environment

• Weather

• Sea

• Person

• Name

• Object

• Position in image

• Identification

Mt Fuji

How to describe• Schema selection

• Media specific schema (exif, XMP, MP3 or other tags)

• Use Qualified Dublin Core as the default

• Try to choose additional well defined and common schema

• schema.org (Google, Yahoo, Bing searches)

• dbpedia.org (Linked Open Data)

• Discipline specific schema

Derived information• Image metadata provides lat and lng of the

camera position

• Mt Fuji lat and lng are known

• Camera direction and distance from Mt Fuji can be calculated

Mt Fuji

Derived information• Is this Face known

• if known: Can we find other images of this Person

• if not known: Search for a name

• Is the Place known

• Can an Event be generated based on knowing that People were at a Place at the same Time

• Can the details of the Event be found on the web

• Can a list of People attending the Event be found

• Search for images of each Person in the listFace2

Face1Face2

Mt FujiFace1

What can you do with this stuff ? • http://linkeddata.org

Demo 2• Changing the information displayed in the map information boxes

• Demo 1 review

• "label", "lng", "lat", "abstract", "link", "thumbnail", “types"

• LANG(?label)='en' AND LANG(?abstract)='en' AND LANG(?type)='en'

• Environment

• Economy

• Health

• Energy

• Society

• Demographics

RDF tools• Open Source toolkits for RDF manipulation

• Parsers, Triple Stores, SPARQL endpoint, OAI-PMH

• Evaluated: ARC2, Sesame 2, OpenLink Virtuoso, Redland

• Selected Redland RDF Library and Tools

• Good documentation and tools

• Language bindings

• Perl, PHP, Python

• SPARQL endpoint

• Small memory footprint

RDF Tools Redland RDF• Common namespace definitions for processing RDF/XML and generating

Turtle with rapper !rapper -o turtle \ -f 'xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"' \ -f 'xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#"' \ -f 'xmlns:dcam="http://purl.org/dc/dcam/"' \ -f 'xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"' \ -f 'xmlns:yago="http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/"' \ -f 'xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"' \ -f 'xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"' \ -f 'xmlns:dbp="http://dbpedia.org/property/"' \ -f 'xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"' \ -f 'xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"' \ -f 'xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"' \ -f 'xmlns:dbo="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/"' \ -f 'xmlns:rss="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/"' \ -f 'xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#"' \ -f 'xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#"' \ -f 'xmlns:sc="http://purl.org/science/owl/sciencecommons/"' \ -f 'xmlns:geonames="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#"' \ -f 'xmlns:sioc="http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#"' \ -f 'xmlns:gr="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#"' \ -f 'xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"' \ -f 'xmlns:akt="http://www.aktors.org/ontology/portal#"' \ -f 'xmlns:dbpedia="http://dbpedia.org/resource/"' \ -f 'xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"' \ -f 'xmlns:cyc="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/"' \ -f 'xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"' \ -f 'xmlns:dbpprop="http://dbpedia.org/property/"' \ -f 'xmlns:vcard="http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#"' \ -f 'xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/"' \ -f 'xmlns:biblio="http://purl.org/net/biblio#"' \ -f 'xmlns:bibo="http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/"' \ -f 'xmlns:wn="http://xmlns.com/wordnet/1.6/"' \

-f 'xmlns:crm="http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/"' \ -f 'xmlns:http="http://www.w3.org/2006/http#"' \ -f 'xmlns:mime="http://purl.org/NET/mediatypes/"' \ -f 'xmlns:grddl="http://www.w3.org/2003/g/data-view#"' \ -f 'xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"' \ -f 'xmlns:doap="http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#"' \ -f 'xmlns:exif="http://www.w3.org/2003/12/exif/ns#"' \ -f 'xmlns:rddl="http://www.rddl.org/"' \ -f 'xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"' \ -f 'xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"' \ -f 'xmlns:vs="http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#"' \ -f 'xmlns:vann="http://purl.org/vocab/vann/"' \ -f 'xmlns:admin="http://webns.net/mvcb/"' \ -f 'xmlns:pdf="http://ns.adobe.com/pdf/1.3/"' \ -f 'xmlns:xmp="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/"' \ -f ‘xmlns:contact="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#"'\ -f ‘xmlns:et='http://ns.exiftool.ca/1.0/' \ -f ‘xmlns:ExifTool='http://ns.exiftool.ca/ExifTool/1.0/' \ -f ‘xmlns:System='http://ns.exiftool.ca/File/System/1.0/' \ -f ‘xmlns:File='http://ns.exiftool.ca/File/1.0/' \ -f ‘xmlns:JFIF='http://ns.exiftool.ca/JFIF/JFIF/1.0/' \ -f ‘xmlns:IPTC='http://ns.exiftool.ca/IPTC/IPTC/1.0/' \ -f ‘xmlns:Photoshop=‘http://ns.exiftool.ca/Photoshop/Photoshop/1.0/' \ -f ‘xmlns:ICC-header=‘http://ns.exiftool.ca/ICC_Profile/ICC-header/1.0/' \ -f ‘xmlns:ICC_Profile=‘http://ns.exiftool.ca/ICC_Profile/ICC_Profile/1.0/' \ -f ‘xmlns:ICC-view=‘http://ns.exiftool.ca/ICC_Profile/ICC-view/1.0/' \ -f ‘xmlns:ICC-meas=‘http://ns.exiftool.ca/ICC_Profile/ICC-meas/1.0/' \ -f ‘xmlns:IFD0=‘http://ns.exiftool.ca/EXIF/IFD0/1.0/' \ -f ‘xmlns:ExifIFD='http://ns.exiftool.ca/EXIF/ExifIFD/1.0/' \ -f ‘xmlns:XMP-x='http://ns.exiftool.ca/XMP/XMP-x/1.0/' \ -f ‘xmlns:XMP-dc='http://ns.exiftool.ca/XMP/XMP-dc/1.0/' \ -f ‘xmlns:Composite='http://ns.exiftool.ca/Composite/1.0/' \ {INPUT} > {OUTPUT}

Working Group Activity• Please translate the qualified Dublin Core schema into your local

language

Base schema

@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> . @prefix dcam: <http://purl.org/dc/dcam/> . @prefix dcmitype: <http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix doap: <http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix grddl: <http://www.w3.org/2003/g/data-view#> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/> . @prefix vs: <http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

prefix.cc Namespace lookup for RDF developers

geo sc

gldp fb

geonames sioc gr

xsd akt

dbpedia dcterms

yago rdf foaf dbp owl dc rdfs dbo rss

skos

dcterms cyc dct

dbpprop bibo swrc void

commerce org

content

Summary• Basis of Linked Open Data

• Foundation schema

• Subject schema

• Dublin Core

• What and How to describe

• Open Data services