APECE-505Intelligent System Engineering
Basics of Digital Image Processing!
Md. Atiqur Rahman Ahad
Reference books:
– Digital Image Processing, Gonzalez & Woods.
- Digital Image Processing, M. Joshi
- Computer Vision – a modern approach, Forsyth & Ponce
Syllabus:1.Expert system2.Neural networks 3.Fuzzy logic
4.Robot vision – Intro, 2-stages of robot vision, image processing, genetic/pattern discovery program, scene analysis, interpreting line & curves in the image, model-based vision 5.Genetic Algorithm
Computer / Robot / Machine vision vs.
Human vision
Machine vs. HumanCamera vs. EyeComputer/Processor vs. BrainArtificial intelligence vs. Human brain…
- Very difficult for a machine – as object varies, number of object varies, dimensional issues, view-/illumination-/angle-/perspective-invariance, etc.
• Computer vision– Endowing machines with the means to “see”
• Create an image of a scene and extract features
– Very difficult problem for machines• Several different scenes can produce identical
images.• Images can be noisy .• Cannot directly ‘invert’ the image to reconstruct
the scene.
• CV - creates a model of the real world from images- recovers useful information about a scene from its
two dimensional projections
• Finding out objects in the scene– Looking for “edges” in the image
• Edge: a part of the image across which the image intensity or some other property of the image changes abruptly.
– Attempting to segment the image into regions.
• Region: a part of the image in which the image intensity or some other property of the image changes only gradually.
1. Image processing stage – transform the original image into something that can be helpful for scene analysis
- Interpreting lines edge detection, edge accumulation, end-point identification
- Curves analysis junctions
2. Scene Analysis stage – attempt to create an iconic [build a model] or a feature-based description of the original scene, providing a task-specific information
Robot-player Identify lines, cornersIdentify the ball [ellipse or circle]Identify players – opponents!
Scene Image Description
Application feedback
Imaging device
MACHINE VISION
Illumination
A typical CV-based control system
Machine Vision Stages
Image Acquisition
Image Processing
Image Segmentation
Image Analysis
Pattern Recognition
Analog to digital conversion
Remove noise,improve contrast…
Find regions (objects) in the image
Take measurements of objects/relationships
Match the description withsimilar description of known objects (models)
Model-based vision: Considering various models and fit into it. - Cylindrical, stick model, etc.- e.g., Hierarchical representation through smaller cylinders to recreate a person
Stereo vision & depth information:- Stereo vision has two or more cameras- Depth info from a single camera is difficult or almost impossible – though through texture analysis, it might be possible a bit
- Depth calculate the distance of foreground objects – far or closer!- Stereo vision – key constraint is correspondence problem or registration problem