APG TF

Carbon Capture and Storage R&D

An industry perspective

Tony Oliver, K-S Tech Ltd(Advanced Power Generation Technology

Forum)

Royal Academy of Engineering, 28 February 2008

Latest position

• UK CAT strategy – R&D, component demos, pilot scale demos, work on regulations etc. Actions out to 2010

• BERR CAT strategy CCS demonstration competition- single post-combustion 300MW power plant with CCS by 2014

• European Council – all new fossil PSs with CCS from 2020(now an aspiration)

• IEA at UNFCCC Bali conf – 600 CCS plants by 2030

BCURA Coal Science Lecture London OTTER - 8th October 2007 - P 3

17

ETP ZEP :Urgency of issue – no time to lose

2007 20252010 2015

Demo plants with storage

Commercialplants

Infrastructure

Learningperiod

Construction and/or

retrofitting of the

commercially viable demo

plants (4 yrs)

Include CCS under ETS

Design, develop & get local permits

2012

Change legislation

Defin

e E

U fl

ag-

ship

pro

gra

mm

e

Finish design

and start construc-

tionLocal

permitting process

Permitting of pipeline infrastructure (+/ -5

yrs)

Construction of mainpipe line infrastructure

(3 to 5 years)

Design of new plants

Implement pro-gram

2020

Defin

e E

U

infr

ast

ruct

ure

Pro

du

ce

EU

in

frast

ruct

ure

pla

n

New plants could

be made “cap-ture

ready”

New Vision

• Original CAT strategy remains sound but must be accelerated

• More focus on deployment- what is required to get to deployment- what will be required by markets

• Need to revitalise whole of innovation process for capture storage and monitoring- from Research right through to Deployment

• Lessons learnt from previous successes eg fgd, low NOx, need to be applied to CCS

Revised CAT Strategy – Areas to be addressed

• Action areas:- RD&D priorities- Deployment of CATs- Public attitudes- Legal and regulatory- Development of a market mechanism for CO2- Development of CO2 transport /storage networks- Technology transfer

• Linkage to Research Council programmes• Linkage to TSB and other funding bodies• Positioning and linkage for EU programmes• International collaboration

• Planning, funding and timescales

BCURA Coal Science Lecture London OTTER - 8th October 2007 - P 6

Carbon Capture Technologies

• Accepted need for a portfolio approach• All technologies need to be addressed• Retrofit and new plant application

BCURA Coal Science Lecture London OTTER - 8th October 2007 - P 7

CO2 Transport and Storage

Key Issues

Infrastructure Requirement Cost Reduction Public Acceptance Safe and Effective Storage Developing the Legal, Regulatory &

Fiscal Framework

Safety and acceptance of CO2 storage

     R&D

   H M L

Power Plant Issues: Efficiency Improvement, Pollutants and Control        

        Materials, fabrication, inspection, monitoring and life assessment technologies for progressive increases in steam temperature and pressure to 350 bar and 750°C   X        

-Particular issues relating to high nickel alloys   X                Utilisation of waste heat including domestic and industrial heating schemes   X                Gas turbine technology issues   X        

        Multi–pollutant control, including mercury, and interaction of pollutant control with carbon capture and plant efficiency   X                Flexibility of operation and control, control and instrumentation issues in general   X        

             Co-use of Biomass            

        Advanced cofiring or co-gasification (up to 20% or more by heat input), including corrosion, slagging and fouling issues  X                Efficient preparation and processing of biomass energy crops (e.g. pelletisation, torrefaction)   X                Other cycles using biomass (e.g. biomass feedwater heating)           X        Materials issues for biomass use   X        

             Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies            Post-combustion (scrubbing)            

        Process optimisation   X                New and less energy intensive solvents (e.g. advanced amines and ammonia)   X                Avoidance of solvent degradation   X                Health and Safety issues particularly for amines   X                Membrane technology       X    

             Pre-combustion Capture            

        Gasification : process integration/optimisation, improved availability load following and control       X            Gas cleaning : improved reliability       X    

        Gas conditioning: CO2 capture : integration and optimisation of shift conversion and CO2capture processes, conditioning of H2 fuel gas stream for GT   X                Gas turbine : Premix burners for hydrogen   X                Air separation unit : Process optimisation, improved absorbents for contamination removal, high efficiency packings for distilling fluids close to supercritical conditions       X            Polygeneration – production of electricity, hydrogen etc   X                Gas separation membranes - oxygen/nitrogen   X                Gas separation membranes - carbon dioxide/hydrogen       X    

             

             Oxyfuel combustion            

        Process optimisation - including start-up/shut-down  X                Combustion chemistry and kinetics  X                Heat transfer prediction  X                Materials for oxyfuel environment, corrosion issues  X                Ash properties       X            Flue gas cleaning to meet CO2 specifications  X                ASUs: selection, cycle optimisation       X            Flue gas cleaning and conditioning  X                Oxygen separation membranes  X                Pilot plant tests (scale up to 100MWe) MF       X    

             New and Emerging CO2 Capture technologies            

        Chemical looping  X                Other novel concepts/cycles       X    

             Carbon Dioxide Transport and Storage            Transport            

        Corrosion behaviour of pipelines as a function of material, temperature, etc  X                Alternative materials, joining technologies, sealing technologies  X                Crack formation and growth       X            Technologies for CO2 ships       X            Use of current North Sea infrastructure           X

        Health & Safety Issues : including impact of impurities, risks associated with major releases both on and off shore  X                     Storage            

        Gather experimental data and develop proper modelling and measuring, monitoring and verification techniques, together with knowledge and methods on trapping, rock and fluid properties, stability/integrity and CO2 mobility       X    

        Assess/develop cost-effective methods for managing impact of sub-surface uncertainty on performance prediction and risk.           X

        Develop database of equilibrium and kinetic data for use in coupled geochemical modelling of storage systems.           X

        Develop remote sensing techniques that give improved characterisation of stability of storage sites. e.g. geomechanical properties for fault stability       X    

        Assess potential for storage in saline aquifers. e.g. develop atlas of sea and saline formation properties for North Sea  X                ECBM/UCG - real absorption capacity of coal as function of depth and permeability           X

             Environment            

        Risk of leakage       X            Dispersion following leakage  X                Impact of leaks on eco systems       X            Impacts of seepage on shallow marine systems       X    

             Public perception issues  X                     

APG TF Concluding remarks

Importance of clean use of fossil fuels- a critical transitional issue in getting to a sustainable energy future

- an essential part of the portfolio

Importance of accelerating the take-up of CCS- CCS Competition is good news but need more focus on deployment

covering whole chain – capture, transport and storage (many of a kind)

- Must involve whole innovation chain for all key technologies

Importance of addressing issue worldwide- use of high efficiency technologies

- retrofitting of high efficient coal plant with CCS to avoid “carbon lock-in

- new build CCS

No time to lose …..urgent for action