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Apgar Scale -A method of evaluating a newborn’s physical condition. A. Pulse/Heart Rate B....

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Apgar Scale -A method of evaluating a newborn’s physical condition. A. Pulse/Heart Rate B. Breathing C. Muscle tone/Activity D. Reflex/Response to stimulation (rooting, grasp, startle) E. Skin color/Appearance Can score 0-2 in each area Normal 6-10 (any lower and may need medical assistance Postnatal Period
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Apgar Scale -A method of evaluating a newborn’s physical condition.A. Pulse/Heart RateB. Breathing C. Muscle tone/ActivityD. Reflex/Response to stimulation (rooting,

grasp, startle)E. Skin color/Appearance

Can score 0-2 in each areaNormal 6-10 (any lower and may need

medical assistance

Postnatal Period

What is it? A test of the baby’s reflexes over several areas

given one and five minutes after birth.

APGAR Test

Color/Appearance:

a. Pale or blue = 0b. Normal color body, but blue extremities =

1c. Normal color = 2

2 points for completely pink body 1 point if body is pink, but arms and legs

are blue 0 points if the baby is blue or pale all

over

Respiration:

a. Not breathing = 0b. Weak cry, irregular breathing = 1c. Strong cry = 2

2 points for a strong cry1 point for a slow or weak cry0 points for no cry at all

Heart Rate/Pulse:

a. Absent heartbeat = 0b. Slow heartbeat (less than 100

beats/minute) = 1c. Adequate heartbeat (more than 100

beats/minute) = 2

2 = good strong heartbeat1 = slow but steady heartbeat0 = little or no heartbeat

Muscle Tone/Actvity:a. Limp, flaccid = 0b. Some flexing or bending = 1c. Active motion = 2

2 points for vigorous motion1 point for small flexing0 points for no movement

Response to Stimulation (also called Reflex Irritability or Grimace):

a. No response = 0b. Grimace (facial expression) = 1c. Vigorous cry or withdrawal = 2

2 points if the baby cries1 point if the baby grimaces (facial expression)0 points for no movement or sound

Results10 out of 10 is a perfect scoreThe higher the score, the better the conditionA score over 7 indicates good conditionA score of 10 is unusualA score less than 7 may indicate some

medical assistance

Silver nitrate (For umbilical cord), Eye drops/ antiseptic ointment , Vitamin K injection (aids in clotting of blood)

Baby weighed, measured, cleaned

Blood taken from umbilical cord to check blood type.

Foot printed

Baby and mother are banded with same number

Postnatal Period Cont…

Head ¼ the baby’s body

Head is molded- may appear pointed or lopsided

2 fontanels- located on head where bones are not yet joined.

Eyes are nearly adult size

How does a newborn look?

Dryness and peeling of the scalp.Extremely common

Apply baby oil, gently wipe out, shampooBegins in first 3 months

Last 6-12 months

May be caused by hormones

Cradle Cap

Puffy Face

                                            

              

-Due to pressure of the cervix and the birth canal, and the bloating from amniotic fluid.

-Diminishes in the first day

-Baby’s ears and face may be slightly squashed from pressure in birth canal.

VernixWhite cheesy coating from shed skin cells and seacreations of glands.

Molded Head

Cephalohematoma

(Bruising)

-Pooling of blood between the skull and the periosteum. -Result of pressure on the pelvis, vacuum extraction, or forceps.-Happens if the 2nd stage of labor is prolonged.

“Stork Bites” Birth Mark (Nevus Simplex)-Pink spots found on the neck, nose upper eyelids, or upper lip.-Disappear within a year or two.-A stork bite is due to a stretching (dilation) of certain blood vessels. It may become darker when the child cries or the temperature changes. It may fade when you push on it.                                                                                                                                                                 

Lanugo Hair-Fine, soft hair found on the face, shoulders, back or upper arm.

-Hair will rub off.

-Sometimes a sign of premature birth.

Dry, Peeling Skin

-Due to being exposed to water.

-Most common around ankles and wrists

-The later your due date, the more like your baby will have dry skin.

Milia aka "Baby Acne"

-Tiny white, pimple-lime spots found on baby’s face. -Clogged glands or hair follicles.-Leave alone, disappears in weeks.

General Rash

-Occurring in 30-70% of newborns.-No treatment, last for days.-Cause is sometimes unknown, or caused from exposure to womb, change in baby’s environment, or the many physical changes occurring in the baby.

Skin color - Jaundice• Common- caused by excess levels of bilirubin, which is

found in red blood cells. Bilirubin is usually excreted in functions that the liver performs.

• Jaundice occurs when bilirubin builds up faster than a newborn's liver can break it down and pass it from the body.

• Takes time for his liver to develop and take over the task.

• Phototherapy (ultraviolet light) sometimes given to help liver remove the jaundice causing bilirubin.

Swollen Scrotum/Labia- Babies received build up of hormones from mom.-Female babies may have vaginal discharge , with blood.-Resolves within a week.

Removing of foreskin Usually done within the first 24 hours after

being born up to the first week.Personal decision. (talk to spouse, family, Dr.)Reasons- cosmetic, health reasons

Circumcision

Startle – good sign for hearing. Ex: running vacuum, phone ringing, loud crowds.

Reflexes

Plamer Grasp- stroking the palm of the hand causes baby to grasp. Close fingers around yours or object.

Plantar Grasp -(Babinski reflex) - When sole of foot is stroked baby will spread toes and turn inward. (like clutching something with toes)

Rooting- baby will turn toward touching of cheek. This helps baby find breast or bottle for feeding.

Tonic/ Neck- When baby’s head is turned to its side the arm on that side extends. (fencing position)

First Hour After BirthApgar Test & What it

MeansOther Tests after

birthCesarean births &

when necessary

Newborn’s appearance

Silver NitrateEye drops/OinmentFootprintIdentifying the babyMolded Head

The list below shows topics from the notes of a doctor who was scheduled to speak to a class on “The Hospitals Role After Birth. He can’t make it and you have been called in to give the talk & assembling the topics below in an organized sequence.


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