APHG

Chapter 1

Key Issue 1

Deep Thought

• Globalization vs Local Identity

• What are some examples of each?

• What are the pros and cons of each?

• Is the world today a “global village”?

• Are the two mutually exclusive?

Interactive Discussions

• Expectations

• Purpose

• Contribution vs Dominance

• Necessity of participation

Purpose of Maps• What 2 purposes?

– Reference– Communication

• Origins of maps– Babylonians– Aristotle—spherical Earth– Eratosthenes—”geography”– Ptolemy—1st Geography Text– Phei Hsiu—Father of Chinese Cartography– Al-Idrisi and Ibn-Battutah—mapped the Muslim Empire

• Evolution of maps

A Little Perspective…

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQVoSyVu9rk

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuuluAq4TtU

Types of Maps

• Remember any?

• Most common--Mercator

• Mercator controversy

Mercator Projection

• 1569• Used for ship

navigation, constant course

• Conformal• Small objects accurate,

large objects distorted• Heavy distortion at

poles

Compromise Robinson Projection

• 1963• Not equal area• Not conformal• Compromise

Projection• Stretches poles

Interrupted Goode’s Homolosine

• 1923• Equal-area• Oceans interrupted• Land Masses are

accurate size and shape

Proportional Symbol Map

• Uses symbols of different size to represent data at different locations on the map

Choropleth

• Shows statistical data by coloring or shading certain regions

• Different colors show different concepts

• Different saturation show quantitative differences

Dot Distribution/Density Map

• Map that uses a dot symbol to show the presence of a feature or phenomenon

Sinusoidal Projection

• East-West Scale is constant

• Meridian lines should be the same

• Equator distances are correct

Cartogram

• A map where some thematic variable is substituted for land area or distance

Flow Lines Map

• Mix of maps and flow charts

• Show movement• Show direction• How much is flowing

Mollweide

• Accurate representation of area

• Some distortion of shape

• Good for small maps depicting global distribution

Isoline

• Iso is Greek for equal• Lines on a map

describing the intersection of a surface with planes

• Useful for many physical concepts such as wind, elevation, storms

Why are we changing maps?

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8zBC2dvERM

Mercator vs GnomonicGreat Circles

Scale

• The larger the number, the smaller the scale

• Effects of scale

Scale DifferencesMaps of Washington State

Washington State (1:10 million scale)

Western Washington(1:1 million scale)

Seattle Region(1:100,000 scale)

Downtown Seattle, Washington(1:10,000 scale)

GPS/GIS

• GPS-Global Positioning System

• GIS-Geographic Information System

• Uses?

• Differences?

Cartograms

• http://www.physicscentral.com/buzz/blog/index.cfm?postid=8485785988632534891

• http://show.mappingworlds.com/

• http://www.worldmapper.org/textindex/text_index.html