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Applications of Electron Processing in thePulping IndustryEconomics

Canadian TMP Pulp MiII- newsprint from black spruceSpecific Energy - 2200 kW.h/tonElectrical Cost - US$ 0.03 per kW.h

Pulp Energy Cost - US $66/ton, $18.5M/yr.- higher for southern pine

I 250/0 Reduction >_US $4.5M Savings IEuropean Energy Costs 23X Higher

Energy Savings 23X Higher

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Effects of Electron Processingon TMP and CTMP Pulp Quality

SummaryI 20% lower energy absorptionIncreased shives contentReduced long fibre contentShorter average fibre lengthSame density

Lower t e n s ~ l e a n d ~ ~ n M i J 1 ~ \ C r SLower tear IndexlT P P ySame scattering coefficientSame pulp yield

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MAXIMUM THROUGHPUT

30 kGy50kW

86 tonnes/day31,000 t/a

30 kGy250 kW

432 tonnes/day155,000 t/a

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Viscose Process

CelluloseWood Pulp

- - - - ~CS2, NaOH

Viscose- - - - - - - - AEeL

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Viscose Products

Textiles'Clothing

~ Teabags

IFilms

Sanitary WearSausageCasings Belts, Hoses

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Viscose (Rayon) Industry Pollution Problems High Chemical Costs High Energy Costs Processing Problems

Multibillion $ GlobalIndustry Steady Growth

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Conventional Viscose Process

Wood Pulp Alkalization Ageing

FilamentStaple-FibreCordCasing

Xanthation

stretching/finishingSpinning

VISCOSE / ; ~ 6 ; \ .

tRipeningpollutiono 0 0~ffluent

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Cellulose Structure

CelluloseChains

End View(CRYSTALLIN

..

Sac::::>ocgc::::> c::::>

~AMORPHOUS

Crystalline Structure ofCellulose Extensive Hydrogen Bonding Network Difficult to Penetrate by Reagents High Concentrations ofCaustic and CSzNeeded

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Electron ProcessingEffects on Cellulose Supramolecular Structure

To View End View

Cleavagesites

, CRYSTALLINE ,~ ~ C > c : : > 5: :-;;:-C t: c : :>cgc:::9>CD

tAMORPHOUS Electrons penetrate amorphous and crystalline regions Treatment produces chain cleavage -can replace aging step Treatment destabilizes crystal structure- enhances accessibility- allows use of less CS2 and alkali

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Filament,StapleFibre,Cord, orCasing

Alkalization

stretching/finishingSpinning

Wood Pulp Ageing18-24%CS,tL 5-7%' \ . CS2VISCOSE _ NaOH ~ 3

tDissolution Xant ation

much less pollutiono 0 0~

Viscose Process Using Electron Treated PulllIelectron treated II I

lesseffluent

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Benefits ofElectron Processingin the Viscose ProcessReduced Chemical Demand

Carbon Disulfide, Alkali, Acid, Zinc- Several Million $ US in SavingsEnvironmentalReduced Emissions I Efflents- CS2, H2S, Zinc

Improved Process Control

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1+1 ~i iI i i i iCanadaIIIUSA11MexicoI-IBrazilc:::ISwitzerland

UK Norway Sweden Finland--ustria-ermany

Z ::c South Africa India Japan Taiwan

Over 25 Companies

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Plant-Scale Trials1995: > 100 Tonnes, Complete Success

ElectronTreatmentI of Pulp

1997: Marketing Trial

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SUMMARYThe Biomass Groufl

- Assisting over 25 Clients to Assess EPTin Viscose Process.

- ING A. Maurer S. A. Marketing Agreement- Operating Parameters Optimized For 34 More Shortly- 2 Plant-Scale Trials Conducted

1997-99: 4 more- Spinning Parameters - Zinc Optimization~ - - - - - AECL

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Viscose Products

TextilesClothing

~ Teabags

Belts, HosesI

Films

Sanitary WearSausage Casings

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Cellulose Structure

CelluloseChains

End View( C R Y S T A L L I N ~

Sac:>c:>cgc:>o

tAMORPHOUS

Crystalline Structure ofCellulose Extensive Hydrogen Bonding Network Difficult to Penetrate by Reagents High Concentrations of alkali and CS 2 Needed

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Benefits ofElectron Processingin the Viscose Process

Reduced Chemical DemandCarbon Disulfide, Alkali, Acid, Zinc- Several Million $ US in SavingsEnvironmentalReduced Emissions I Effluents- CS2, H2S, Zinc

Improved Process Control