APPENDIX 3: LIST OF EXCLUDED STUDIES

1

Systematic review of the non-‐specific effects of BCG, DTP and measles containing vaccines

APPENDIX 3: LIST OF EXCLUDED STUDIES

Of the 877 full-‐text articles identified as potentially relevant for the review, 770 were excluded. The reasons for exclusion for these studies are found in Table 1.

Table 1: Reasons for exclusion of the 771 articles identified in title and abstract screening for inclusion

Level (N excluded) Question Answer Number excluded per answer

Full-‐text screening (N = 639) Did the study reported on BCG, DTP or Measles-‐containing vaccines

No 78

Study design Cross-‐sectional 51

Not primary research 342

Uncontrolled studies 21

Other not relevant designs 27

Were participants children ≤ 5 years of age?

No 9

Not applicable 339

Did the study report all-‐cause or non-‐target mortality data?

No 65

No mortality data reported 542

Eligibility (N = 126) Appropriate study design? No 90

Mortality reported as an outcome? No 51

BCG/DTP/MV examined? No 37

Outcome data in children ≤ 5 years No 14

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of age?

Unable to obtain (N = 6) 6

3

UNABLE TO OBTAIN ARTICLES

7091 Cazacu E, Stefanov I, Roman V. Characteristics of the epidemiological process of measles during the period of application of the vaccination programme. Bacteriologia Virusologia Parazitologia Epidemiologia 1982;27(3):167-‐77

7282 Anonymous. Reduction in childhood mortality from measles vaccination: new evidence from Matlab, Bangladesh. Mother and Child 1991;29(1):39-‐41

8647 Aaby P. Measles immunization and child survival: uncontrolled experiments. In: Rashad H, Gray R, Boerma T, eds. Evaluation of the impact of health interventions. Liege: Derouaux Ordina Editions, 1995:11-‐45.

8729 Fisker AB. Evaluation of the WHO vitamin A suplementation policy in Guinea-‐Bissau. [PhD Thesis -‐ University of Aarhus]. Aarhus University, 2011.

Cited in #269 (excluded): Msamanga GI. Impact of measles immunization and nutritional status and mortality in Tanzania. PhD Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 1986

Cited in #269 (excluded): Levine MI, Sackett MR. Results of BCG immunization in New York City. Am Rev Tuberc 1948; 53:517-‐32.

FULL-‐TEXT SCREENING

1. No vaccine of interest reported

2 S. Aungkulanon, M. McCarron, J. Lertiendumrong, S. J. Olsen and K. Bundhamcharoen. Infectious disease mortality rates, Thailand, 1958-‐2009. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012. 18:1794-‐1801

21 F. O. Odhiambo, K. F. Laserson, M. Sewe, M. J. Hamel, D. R. Feikin, K. Adazu, S. Ogwang, D. Obor, N. Amek, N. Bayoh, M. Ombok, K. Lindblade, M. Desai, F. Ter kuile, P. Phillips-‐howard, A. M. Van eijk,

D. Rosen, A. Hightower, P. Ofware, H. Muttai, B. Nahlen, K. Decock, L. Slutsker, R. F. Breiman and J. M. Vulule. Profile: The KEMRI/CDC health and demographic surveillance system-‐Western Kenya. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2012. 41:977-‐987

69 T. K. Ryman, E. C. Briere, E. Cartwright, K. Schlanger, K. A. Wannemuehler, E. T. Russo, S. Kola, I. Sadumah, B. L. Nygren, C. Ochieng, R. Quick and M. L. Watkins. Integration of routine vaccination and hygiene interventions: A comparison of 2 strategies in Kenya. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2012. 205:S65-‐S76

75 L. V. A. Leven, K. Longbottom and A. D. Jackson. Efficacy of vitamin D deficiency prevention strategies in Glasgow's maternity services. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2012. 97:299

443 W. R. Thomas. Innovation in immunotherapy. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2009. 39:450-‐454

505 R. D. W. Klemm, A. B. Labrique, P. Christian, M. Rashid, A. A. Shamim, J. Katz, A. Sommer and K. P. West. Newborn vitamin a supplementation reduced infant mortality in rural bangladesh. Pediatrics. 2008. 122:e242-‐e250

569 S. Zaman. Pakistan Paediatric Journal. Pakistan Paediatric Journal. 2007. 31:103-‐104

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742 J. T. Ramos Amador. Summary of the paediatric presentations at the 3rd Congress of the International AIDS Society (IAS). Rio de Janeiro, July 2005. Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders in HIV Infection. 2005. 4:859-‐865

1476 K. Wilson, S. Hawken, J. C. Kwong, S. L. Deeks, N. S. Crowcroft and D. Manuel. Vaccine and Immunization Surveillance in Ontario (VISION) -‐ Using linked health administrative databases to monitor vaccine safety. Vaccine. 2012. 30:6115-‐6120

1521 M. Morrow. Indigenous and population health. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research. 2012. 42:156-‐157

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1622 A. Leach, J. Vekemans, M. Lievens, O. Ofori-‐Anyinam, C. Cahill, S. Owusu-‐Agyei, S. Abdulla, E. MacEte, P. Njuguna, B. Savarese, C. Loucq and W. R. Ballou. Design of a phase III multicenter trial to evaluate the efficacy of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in children across diverse transmission settings in Africa. Malaria Journal. 2011. 10:#pages#

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1689 M. Gupta, S. Prinja, D. Kumar and R. Kumar. Introducing pentavalent vaccine in EPI in India: A counsel for prudence in interpreting scientific literature. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2011. 133:560-‐562

1750 P. Rohani, X. Zhong and A. A. King. Contact network structure explains the changing epidemiology of pertussis. Science. 2010. 330:982-‐985

1758 S. T. Agnandji, K. P. Asante, J. Lyimo, J. Vekemans, S. S. Soulanoudjingar, R. Owusu, M. Shomari, A. Leach, J. Fernandes, D. Dosoo, M. Chikawe, S. Issifou, K. Osei-‐Kwakye, M. Lievens, M. Paricek, S. Apanga, G. Mwangoka, B. Okissi, E. Kwara, R. Minja, J. Lange, O. Boahen, K. Kayan, G. Adjei, D. Chandramohan, E. Jongert, M. A. Demoitie, M. C. Dubois, T. Carter, P. Vansadia, T. Villafana, M. Sillman, B. Savarese, D. Lapierre, W. R. Ballou, B. Greenwood, M. Tanner, J. Cohen, P. G. Kremsner, B. Lell, S. Owusu-‐Agyei and S. Abdulla. Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of the RTS,S/AS01E malaria candidate vaccine when integrated in the expanded program of immunization. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010. 202:1076-‐1087

1797 Z. Lone and J. M. Puliyel. Introducing pentavalent vaccine in the epi in india: A counsel for caution. Indian Journal of Medical Research, Supplement. 2010. 132:1-‐3

1841 N. Wood, P. McIntyre, H. Marshall and D. Roberton. Acellular pertussis vaccine at birth and one month induces antibody responses by two months of age. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2010. 29:209-‐215

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2079 T. Vesikari, P. Van Damme, C. Giaquinto, J. Gray, J. Mrukowicz, R. Dagan, A. Guarino, H. Szajewska and V. Usonis. European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases/European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition evidence-‐based recommendations for rotavirus vaccination in Europe. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 2008. 46:S38-‐S48

2087 S. G. Berger, S. de Pee, M. W. Bloem, S. Halati and R. D. Semba. Malnutrition and morbidity among children not reached by the national vitamin A capsule programme in urban slum areas of Indonesia. Public Health. 2008. 122:371-‐378

2149 J. Chandra, R. Naithani, A. Chhetri, V. Singh and S. Sharma. Serious and life-‐threatening bleeding in late vitamin K deficiency. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics. 2007. 27:241-‐242

2250 P. Daza, R. Banda, K. Misoya, A. Katsulukuta, B. D. Gessner, R. Katsande, B. R. Mhlanga, J. E. Mueller, C. B. Nelson, A. Phiri, E. M. Molyneux and M. E. Molyneux. The impact of routine infant immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in Malawi, a country with high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence. Vaccine. 2006. 24:6232-‐6239

2277 P. L. Shao, C. Y. Lu, L. Y. Chang, F. Y. Huang, C. Y. Lee, P. R. Hsueh and L. M. Huang. Safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine booster in Taiwanese toddlers. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2006. 105:542-‐549

2369 P. H. Dennehy, R. C. Brady, S. A. Halperin, R. L. Ward, J. C. Alvey, F. H. Fischer Jr, B. L. Innis, H. Rathfon, A. Schuind and B. De Vos. Comparative evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of two dosages of an oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2005. 24:481-‐488

2574 S. Jaffar, A. Leach, P. G. Smith, F. Cutts and B. Greenwood. Effects of misclassification of causes of death on the power of a trial to assess the efficacy of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in The

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3808 Y. Shoenfeld, G. Zandman-‐Goddard, L. Stojanovich, M. Cutolo, H. Amital, Y. Levy, M. Abu-‐Shakra, O. Barzilai, Y. Berkun, M. Blank, J. F. de Carvalho, A. Doria, B. Gilburd, U. Katz, I. Krause, P. Langevitz, H. Orbach, V. Pordeus, M. Ram, E. Toubi and Y. Sherer. The mosaic of autoimmunity: Hormonal and environmental factors involved in

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4228 J. D. Wolfrey, W. H. Billica, S. H. Gulbranson, A. B. Jose, M. Luba, A. Mohler, C. Pagel and J. K. Sell. Pediatric exanthems. Clinics in Family Practice. 2003. 5:557-‐588

4270 O. M. Ramos, R. Martin-‐Jimenez, J. G. Barreau and E. Redha. Pictorial review: Measles. International Pediatrics. 1997. 12:245-‐248

5959 T. D. Ruel, J. Achan, A. F. Gasasira, E. D. Charlebois, T. Mehbratu, P. J. Rosenthal, G. Dorsey, M. R. Kamya, A. Kekitiinwa, J. Wong and D. V. Havlir. HIV RNA suppression among HIV-‐infected Ugandan children with Measles. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2008. 48:225-‐227

5984 E. D. Shapiro. Second dose of varicella vaccine for children: Are we giving it too late?. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2008. 197:935-‐937

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6279 J. P. Brosco. Commentary: Successes and missed opportunities. Pediatrics. 2005. 115:1134-‐1135

6319 . The topic of this month. Measles, Japan, 1999-‐2001. Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2004. 57:42-‐43

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6384 D. Peake and S. Philip. Self-‐assessment. Current Paediatrics. 2004. 14:173-‐177

7054 J. Chin and U. M. Thaung. The unchanging epidemiology and toll of measles in Burma. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1985. 63:551-‐558

7125 P. F. Wakeham. Severe measles in Afghanistan. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics and Environmental Child Health. 1978. 24:87-‐

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7183 S. V. Sorup, M.; Ravn, H.; Benn, CS.; Sorensen, TIA.; Aaby, P.; Jess, T.; Rotth, A.. Smallpox Vaccination and all-‐cause infectious disease hospitalization: a Danish register-‐based cohort study.. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2011. 40:955-‐63

7187 C. S. M. Benn, C.; Rodrigues, A.; Lisse, I.M.; Aaby, P.. Randomized study of the impact of different doses of vitamin A on childhood morbidity and mortality.. British Medical journal. 2005. 331:1428-‐32

7189 J. A. Rasmussen, A.; Fisker, A.B.; Ravn, H.; Sodemann, M.; Rodrigues, A.; Cenn, C.S.; Aaby, P.. Mid-‐upper-‐arm-‐circumference and mid-‐upper-‐arm circumference z-‐score: the best predictor of moratlity?. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2012. 66:998-‐1003

7226 R. Aguilar Avila, R. Morales Moreno and S. Alfaro Ríos. Tendencias de morbilidad, mortalidad y letalidad por tétanos neonatal. 20 años antes y 20 años después de 1977 en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo-‐Perú. Diagnóstico (Perú). #year#. 38:15-‐20

7369 A. Billoo and M. Ali. Management of neonatal tetanus role of mothers in increasing survival rates. Specialist Quarterly. #year#. 8:93-‐99

7410 E. d. S. Carvalho. Imunizaçäo ativa. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:19-‐26

7411 W. B. d. Carvalho. Urgências relacionadas à vacinaçäo. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:149-‐58

7470 H. Chun, H. T'Eh-‐chang, T. Kuo-‐hua, C. Shou-‐teh, W. Wen-‐huan, C. Chi-‐ming, K. Yu-‐fen, Y. Chu-‐yeh and H. Lan. Clinical and immunologic observations on two lines of attenuated measles vaccine virus upon passage in chick embryo cell culture. Chin Med J (Engl). #year#. 1:283-‐286

7514 M. De la Fuente H, G. Yentzen M, M. E. Arancibia S and P. Rojas N. Características de los egresos por sarampión en el Hospital Roberto del Río 1981-‐1985. Pediatria (Santiago). #year#. 33:108-‐12

7993 E. M. C. P. Maluf and M. S. G. Aldenucci. Vacinaçäo do escolar e do adolescente. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:205-‐18

7994 E. M. C. P. Maluf and C. K. Farhat. Calendário vacinal. #journal#. #year#.

#volume#:67-‐86

8088 N.A. Report of MCH mortality symposium. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

8663 P. Aaby, J. Bukh, I. Lisse, A. Smits, L. Smedman, O. Jeppsson and A. Lindeberg. Breastfeeding and measles mortality in Guinea-‐Bissau. The Lancet. 1981. 318:#pages#

8667 P. Aaby, J. Bukh, I. M. Lisse and A. J. Smits. Spacing, crowding, and child mortality in Guinea-‐Bissau. The Lancet. 1983. 2:#pages#

8731 C. Acioly. Crowding and health in low-‐income settlements of Guinea Bissau. #journal#. 1998. #volume#:#pages#

8827 C. V. Broome, D. W. Fraser, W. J. English, C. R. Manclark and J. C. Hill. Pertussis-‐-‐diagnostic methods and surveillance. #journal#. 1979. #volume#:#pages#

8867 F. T. Cutts, S. M. A. Zaman, G. Enwere, S. Jaffar, O. S. Levine, J. B. Okoko, C. Oluwalana, A. Vaughan, S. K. Obaro, A. Leach, K. P. McAdam, E. Biney, M. Saaka, U. Onwuchekwa, F. Yallop, N. F. Pierce, B. M. Greenwood and R. A. Adegbola. Efficacy of nine-‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Gambia: randomised, double-‐blind, placebo-‐controlled trial. Lancet. 2005. 365:1139-‐1146

8873 C. C. Dauer. Reported whooping cough morbidity and mortality in the United States. Public Health Reports. 1943. 58:661-‐676

8898 K. Edmond, L. Hurt, J. Fenty, S. Amenga-‐Etego, C. Zandoh, C. Hurt, S. Danso, C. Tawiah, Z. Hill, A. H. A. Ten Asbroek, S. Owusu-‐Agyei, O. Campbell and B. R. Kirkwood. Effect of vitamin A supplementation in women of reproductive age on cause-‐specific early and late infant mortality in rural Ghana: ObaapaVitA double-‐blind, cluster-‐randomised, placebo-‐controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2012. 2:#pages#

8961 M. L. Garly, C. Bale, C. L. Martins, H. C. Whittle, J. Nielsen, I. M. Lisse and P. Aaby. Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent pneumonia and other complications after measles: community based randomised double blind placebo controlled trial in Guinea-‐Bissau. BMJ. 2006. 333:1245-‐1245

9038 K. Kawai, G. Msamanga, K. Manji, E. Villamor, R. J. Bosch, E. Hertzmark and W. W. Fawzi. Sex differences in the effects of

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maternal vitamin supplements on mortality and morbidity among children born to HIV-‐infected women in Tanzania. The British Journal of Nutrition. 2010. 103:1784-‐1791

9039 A. M. Kim, C. M. Tingen and T. K. Woodruff. Sex bias in trials and treatment must end. Nature. 2010. 465:688-‐689

9084 J. T. Lewis. Immunisation against whooping cough; a review. The Medical Officer. 1946. 76:5-‐10

9104 L. C. Malaba, P. J. Iliff, K. J. Nathoo, E. Marinda, L. H. Moulton, L. S. Zijenah, P. Zvandasara, B. J. Ward and J. H. Humphrey. Effect of postpartum maternal or neonatal vitamin A supplementation on infant mortality among infants born to HIV-‐negative mothers in Zimbabwe. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2005. 81:454-‐460

9159 A. S. Muller, J. H. Ouma, F. M. Mburu, P. G. Blok and J. W. Kleevens. Machakos project studies. Agents affecting health of mother and child in a rural area of Kenya. I. Introduction: study design and methodology. Tropical and Geographical Medicine. 1977. 29:291-‐302

9162 K. N'Da, J. Dutertre, C. Fillastre and N. Guerin. Vaccination simplifiee contre la coqueluche. Le Pediatre. 1983. 19:317-‐25

9175 J. Nielsen, C. S. Benn, C. Balé, C. Martins and P. Aaby. Vitamin A supplementation during war-‐emergency in Guinea-‐Bissau 1998-‐1999. Acta Tropica. 2005. 93:275-‐282

9216 S. H. Preston. Mortality patterns in national populations. #journal#. 1976. #volume#:#pages#

9230 I. D. Riley, D. Lehmann, M. P. Alpers, T. F. Marshall, H. Gratten and D. Smith. Pneumococcal vaccine prevents death from acute lower-‐respiratory-‐tract infections in Papua New Guinean children. The Lancet. 1986. 2:877-‐881

9445 B.-‐S. S. Lund N, Andersen A, Monteiro I, Camala L, Jorgensen MJ, Sartono E, Aaby P, Benn CS. Neonatal vitamin A supplementation associated with a cluster of deaths and poor early growth in a randomised trial among low-‐birth-‐weight boys of vitamin A versus oral polio vaccine at birht. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

2. Cross-‐sectional studies

118 M. L. Kamugisha, B. P. Mmbando, F. Francis, D. S. Ishengoma, D. P. Challe and M. M. Lemnge. Establishing and implementing Demographic Surveillance System as a tool for monitoring health interventions in Korogwe District, north-‐eastern Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Health Research. 2011. 13:1-‐17

248 A. Ayaz and S. Saleem. Neonatal mortality and prevalence of practices for newborn care in a squatter settlement of Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-‐sectional study. PloS one. 2010. 5:e13783

282 A. Y. Alam, S. Nishtar, S. Amjad and K. M. Bile. Impact of wealth status on health outcomes in Pakistan. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2010. 16:S152-‐158

365 D. J. Corsi, D. G. Bassani, R. Kumar, S. Awasthi, R. Jotkar, N. Kaur and P. Jha. Gender inequity and age-‐appropriate immunization coverage in India from 1992 to 2006. BMC International Health and Human Rights. 2009. 9:#pages#

383 J. Ndirangu, T. Barnighausen, F. Tanser, K. Tint and M. L. Newell. Levels of childhood vaccination coverage and the impact of maternal HIV status on child vaccination status in rural KwaZulu-‐Natal, South Africa. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2009. 14:1383-‐1393

459 J. N. Bondy, A. Thind, J. J. Koval and K. N. Speechley. Identifying the determinants of childhood immunization in the Philippines. Vaccine. 2009. 27:169-‐175

495 J. R. M. Armstrong Schellenberg, M. Mrisho, F. Manzi, K. Shirima, C. Mbuya, A. K. Mushi, S. C. Ketende, P. L. Alonso, H. Mshinda, M. Tanner and D. Schellenberg. Health and survival of young children in southern Tanzania. BMC Public Health. 2008. 8:#pages#

1480 A. Amouzou, O. Habi and K. Bensaid. Reduction in child mortality in Niger: A Countdown to 2015 country case study. The Lancet. 2012. 380:1169-‐1178

1571 L. A. Castagnini, C. M. Healy, M. A. Rench, S. H. Wootton, F. M. Munoz and C. J. Baker. Impact of maternal postpartum tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis immunization on infant pertussis infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2012. 54:78-‐84

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2105 A. Jahn, S. Floyd, V. Mwinuka, J. Mwafilaso, D. Mwagomba, R. E. Mkisi, A. Katsulukuta, A. Khunga, A. C. Crampin, K. Branson, N. McGrath and P. E. M. Fine. Ascertainment of childhood vaccination histories in northern Malawi. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2008. 13:129-‐138

2548 K. Srilerdfa, N. Srisamut and Y. Maiwai. Comparative Health Survey of Luangpraot-‐Tanlium and Marialai Communities Lat Krabang District, Bangkok. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 2003. 86:802-‐808

2639 A. Rivera, J. C. Orengo, A. L. Rivera, C. Rodriguez, E. Calderon, J. Rullan, H. Yusuf and L. Rodewald. Impact of vaccine shortage on diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine coverage rates among children aged 24 months-‐-‐Puerto Rico, 2002. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2002. 51:667-‐668

2764 A. Hussain, S. M. Keramat Ali and G. Kvale. Determinants of mortality among children in the urban slums of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 1999. 4:758-‐764

2839 C. A. Northrop-‐Clewes, N. Ahmad, P. I. Paracha and D. I. Thurnham. Impact of health service provision on mothers and infants in a rural village in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan. Public health nutrition. 1998. 1:51-‐59

2974 F. T. Cutts, O. Monteiro, P. Tabard and J. Cliff. Measles control in Maputo, Mozambique, using a single dose of Schwarz vaccine at age 9 months. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1994. 72:227-‐231

2987 A. Barman. Survey on EPI and Vitamin 'A' capsule coverage in Bogra and Nawabgonj districts. Bangladesh Journal of Child Health. 1993. 17:110-‐112

2988 S. O. Foster, R. A. Spiegel, A. Mokdad, S. Yeanon, S. R. Becker, J. N. Thornton and M. K. Galakpai. Immunization, oral rehydration therapy and malaria chemotherapy among children under 5 in Bomi and Grand Cape Mount Counties, Liberia, 1984 and 1988. International Journal of Epidemiology. 1993. 22:S50-‐S55

3017 V. Schwoebel, A. V. Dauvisis, B. Helynck, E. Gomes, G. F. Drejer, M. Schlumberger, L. Bibane and H. Rumke. Community-‐

based evaluation survey of immunizations in Burkina Faso. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1992. 70:583-‐590

3132 G. Zackrisson, T. Lagergard, J. Taranger and B. Trollfors. Antibody levels to pertussis toxin in preschool children in a non-‐vaccinating country (Sweden). Annali Sclavo. Collana monografica. 1986. 3:347-‐350

3232 I. Ebisawa and K. Fukutomi. Attempts at distinguishing vaccine-‐related from spontaneous decline of tetanus mortality. Japanese Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1979. 49:131-‐138

3668 A. Martineau, M. White and R. Bhopal. No sex differences in immunisation rates of British south Asian children: The effect of migration?. British Medical Journal. 1997. 314:642-‐643

4214 F. Karim, M. Rafi and S. A. Begum. Inequitable access to immunization and vitamin A capsule services: A case of ethnic minorities in three hill districts of Bangladesh. Public Health. 2005. 119:743-‐746

5276 G. Guerrier, M. Zounoun, O. Delarosa, I. Defourny, M. Lacharite, V. Brown and B. Pedalino. Malnutrition and mortality patterns among internally displaced and non-‐displaced population living in a camp, a village or a town in Eastern Chad. PloS one. 2009. 4:e8077

6248 B. Aurangzeb, Y. B. Nisar, T. Hazir, F. Burki and M. Hassan. Clinical outcome in children hospitalized with complicated measles. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. 2005. 15:547-‐551

6604 P. Salama, F. Assefa, L. Talley, P. Spiegel, A. Van Der Veen and C. A. Gotway. Malnutrition, measles, mortality, and the humanitarian response during a famine in Ethiopia. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2001. 286:563-‐571

6726 G. Liguori, C. Tolone, M. D'Avanzo, G. Corbisiero, R. Di Benedetto and U. Del Prete. Modifications of IFN-‐alpha, TNF-‐alpha and IFN-‐gamma serum levels in children vaccinated against measles. Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunità. 1998. 10:303-‐306

6770 W. S. Mudzamiri, D. E. Peterson, T. Marufu, R. J. Biellik and M. L'Herminez. Measles vaccine efficacy in Masvingo District, Zimbabwe. Central African Journal

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of Medicine. 1996. 42:195-‐197

6909 W. R. Taylor, A. Chahnazarian, J. Weinman, M. Wernette, J. Roy, A. R. Pebley, O. Bele and M. Ma-‐Disu. Mortality and use of health services surveys in rural Zaire. International Journal of Epidemiology. 1993. 22:S15-‐S19

6911 A. A. Vernon, W. R. Taylor, A. Biey, K. M. Mundeke, A. Chahnazarian, H. Habicht, M. Mutombo and B. Makani. Changes in use of health services in a rural health zone in Zaire. International Journal of Epidemiology. 1993. 22:S20-‐S31

7214 M. Aboul Naga. Impact of vaccination of children in Sharkia governorate: a five year follow-‐up study. New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The]. #year#. 2:417-‐22

7227 A. Ahmad and R. Abdul. Demographic characteristics of admitted patients of measles and their association with mortality. Pakistan Pediatric Journal. #year#. 30:147-‐151

7250 S. Altinkaynak, V. Ertekin, A. Güraksin, A. Kiliç and N. Yigit. The sero-‐epidemiology of measles in children from Eastern Turkey. West Indian Med J. #year#. 54:236-‐237

7290 N. E. Arenas-‐Suárez, A. M. García-‐Gutiérrez, S. M. Coronado-‐Ríos, C. A. Beltrán-‐ Bocanegra, S. M. Acosta-‐Botero, J. E. Gómez-‐Marín and L. Quintero-‐Álvarez. Prevalencia de tuberculosis infantil en Armenia, Colombia. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota). #year#. 12:1000-‐1009

7296 L. Armas Pérez and E. González Ochoa. Manejo de la tuberculosis en la República de Cuba. Rev Cubana Med Trop. #year#. 50:150-‐158

7489 M. C. Costa. Reacao tuberculinica e vacina contra o sarampo. Pediatria (Säo Paulo). #year#. 6:197-‐9

7535 E. M. Dessunti, A. A. A. Façanha, M. M. B. d. Oliveira and M. F. N. Villari. Sarampo: custo da hospitalizaçäo e vacinaçäo na regiäo de Londrina -‐ Paraná. Rev Bras Enferm. #year#. 43:96-‐100

7576 M. A. Espinal, A. L. Reingold, G. González, N. Matos, R. Romero, G. Pérez Cairo, E. Cruz Bournigal, S. Soto and E. Camilo. Infección por VIH y tuberculosis en niños. Arch. domin. pediatr. #year#. 31:3-‐8

7604 F. R. M. d. Freitas, H. K. Sato, C. M. S. d. S. Aranda, B. A. F. Arantes, M. A. Pacheco

and E. A. Waldman. Eventos adversos pós-‐vacina contra a difteria, coqueluche e tétano e fatores associados à sua gravidade. Rev Saude Publica. #year#. 41:1032-‐1041

7820 S. Khare, A. Dutta, S. Kumari and R. N. Basu. Seroepidemiology of measles in Delhi: implications for age of vaccination. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

7967 C. R. Lindgren-‐Alves, L. M. S. Freire, R. C. Oliveira, H. L. Guerra, E. E. Da-‐Silva, M. M. Siqueira, I. M. Horta and C. C. Queiroz. Pesquisa de anticorpos contra o sarampo em crianças infectadas pelo HIV, após a imunização básica. J Pediatr (Rio J). #year#. 77:496-‐503

7968 O. Lindqvist, A. Mark and O. Strannegard. Antibody responses following immunization with combined measles-‐mumps-‐rubella [MMR] vaccine of 12-‐month-‐old infants in Kuwait. KMJ -‐ Kuwait Medical Journal. #year#. 21:92-‐96

7995 E. M. C. P. Maluf, R. C. Ribeiro, M. A. L. Rodriguez, I. Skraba and J. F. d. Carvalho. Induçäo de anticorpos específicos pela vacina anti-‐sarampo: estudo em crianças nutridas e desnutridas de 6 a 24 meses. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. #year#. 27:353-‐60

8039 S. K. Mittal, A. Gulati, P. Kumari, V. Bala and S. Gupta. Seroconversion following measles immunisation. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

8087 E. D. Mwaikambo and D. M. Do Amsi. High incidence of measles in previously vaccinated children in Dar es Salaam Tanzania: a major issue for concern. Tanzania Journal of Paediatrics. #year#. 2:7-‐9

8187 A. Parthasarathy, R. Narmada and K. A. Krishnamoorthy. Tuberculosis in BCG vaccinated children. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

8329 S. Salmaso, M. C. Rota, M. I. Ciofi Degli Atti, A. E. Tozzi and P. Kreidl. Infant immunization coverage in Italy: estimates by simultaneous EPI cluster surveys of regions. Bulletin of the World Health Organization : the International Journal of Public Health. #year#. 77:843-‐851

8363 H. G. Schatzmayr, R. M. Nogueira, J. A. Bermidez, A. T. Pinhäo, B. Queiroz, L. R. Venancio, C. E. Assis and T. Shiraiwa. Serological response to measles vaccine (Schwarz Strain) in a low-‐income population

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at Rio de Janeiro. Rev. microbiol. #year#. 13:242-‐9

8364 S. Seghal, R. S. Sharma, A. Das, M. Sebastian and R. R. Arora. Seroconversion after measles vaccination in infants and children. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

9076 C. C. Leung. Tuberculin response in BCG vaccinated schoolchildren and the estimation of annual risk of infection in Hong Kong. Thorax. 2005. 60:124-‐129

9280 R. D. Semba, S. de Pee, S. G. Berger, E. Martini, M. O. Ricks and M. W. Bloem. Malnutrition and infectious disease morbidity among children missed by the childhood immunization program in Indonesia. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 2007. 38:120-‐129

9305 S. L. Sheridan, R. S. Ware, K. Grimwood and S. B. Lambert. Number and order of whole cell pertussis vaccines in infancy and disease protection. JAMA. 2012. 308:454-‐456

3. Not primary research (e.g., reviews, commentaries)

4 P. Aaby and C. S. Benn. Saving lives by training innate immunity with bacille Calmette-‐ Guerin vaccine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012. 109:17317-‐17318

22 A. J. Pollard. Non-‐specific effects of vaccines: RCTs, not observational studies, are needed. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2012. 97:677-‐678

29 P. Aaby, H. Whittle and C. S. Benn. Vaccine programmes must consider their effect on general resistance. BMJ (Online). 2012. 345:#pages#

65 F. Shann. Commentary: BCG vaccination halves neonatal mortality. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2012. 31:308-‐309

80 P. E. M. Fine, P. G. Smith and S. J. W. Evans. Non-‐specific effects of BCG?. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2012. 205:515

81 F. Shann. Reply to fine et al. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2012. 205:517-‐518

87 F. Shann. The new decade of vaccines. The Lancet. 2012. 379:26

92 C. S. Benn. Combining vitamin A and

vaccines: Convenience or conflict?. Danish Medical Journal. 2012. 59:#pages#

124 P. Sedgwick. Hazard ratios. BMJ (Online). 2011. 343:#pages#

165 E. R. Moxon, P. Das, B. Greenwood, D. L. Heymann, R. Horton, O. S. Levine, S. Plotkin and G. Nossal. A call to action for the new decade of vaccines. The Lancet. 2011. 378:298-‐302

167 F. Shann. The nonspecific effects of vaccines and the expanded program on immunization. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2011. 204:182-‐184

212 K. L. Flanagan, S. L. Klein, N. E. Skakkebaek, I. Marriott, A. Marchant, L. Selin, E. N. Fish, A. M. Prentice, H. Whittle, C. S. Benn and P. Aaby. Sex differences in the vaccine-‐specific and non-‐targeted effects of vaccines. Vaccine. 2011. 29:2349-‐2354

224 B. J. Marais. Impact of tuberculosis on maternal and child health. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2011. 203:304-‐305

226 F. Shann. The non-‐specific effects of vaccines in low income countries. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2011. 96:115

231 P. Aaby and C. S. Benn. Non-‐specific and sex-‐differential effects of routine vaccines: What evidence is needed to take these effects into consideration in low-‐income countries?. Human Vaccines. 2011. 7:120-‐124

234 D. F. Wittenberg. Early intervention in child health in south africa. SAJCH South African Journal of Child Health. 2010. 4:91

270 A. Ortqvist, M. Blennow, R. M. Carlsson, L. Hanson, A. Lindberg, L. Lindqvist, M. Magnusson, L. Nilsson, A. Norlund, O. Nyren, P. Olcen, P. Olin, S. A. Silfverdal, J. Sawe, A. Soderstrom and B. Trollfors. Vaccination of children -‐ A systematic review. Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. 2010. 99:1-‐192

273 S. A. Silfverdal, L. Nilsson, M. Blennow, R. M. Carlsson, L. A. Hanson, A. Lindberg, L. Lindquist, M. Magnusson, A. Norlund, O. Nyren, P. Olcen, P. Olin, J. Sawe, A. Soderstrom, B. Trollfors and A. Ortqvist. Vaccination of children-‐summary and conclusions from a systematic review. Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. 2010. 99:1287-‐1289

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277 P. Fine and D. Elliman. Non-‐specific effects of vaccines: In context. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2010. 95:661

301 P. R. Donald, B. J. Marais and C. E. Barry Iii. Age and the epidemiology and pathogenesis of tuberculosis. The Lancet. 2010. 375:1852-‐1854

325 F. Shann. BCG vaccination in developing countries. BMJ (Online). 2010. 340:720

343 N. Vetter. Editor's choice. British Medical Bulletin. 2010. 93:1-‐5

351 V. Adebowale, C. Baxter, D. Elliman, A. Green, M. J. Guppy, A. Hall, P. Heath, T. Heagerty, K. Lindley, E. Miller and D. N. Baxter. Updates from the 19th National Immunisation Conference for Health Care Workers Manchester: Conference Centre, December 2008. Human Vaccines. 2010. 6:169-‐177

356 S. Chaturvedi. Vaccines as tools to reduce ARI burden: Merits and some inherent verticality in the debate. Indian Pediatrics. 2010. 47:33-‐37

370 A. Zumla and H. S. Schaaf. Preface. Clinics in Chest Medicine. 2009. 30:xiii-‐xviii

403 R. Jou, W. L. Huang and W. J. Su. Tokyo-‐172 BCG vaccination complications, Taiwan. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2009. 15:1525-‐1526

404 C. B. Stephensen and K. A. Livingston. Vitamin supplements and vaccines: Maximize benefits, evaluate potential risks. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2009. 90:457-‐458

431 J. P. Buttery and S. M. Graham. Immunisation timing: the protective layer in vaccine coverage. The Lancet. 2009. 373:1499-‐1500

450 P. Aaby, C. S. Benn, J. Nielsen and H. Ravn. Sex-‐differential non-‐specific effects of BCG and DTP in Cebu, The Philippines. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2009. 38:320-‐323

456 M. P. Mayfield. Universal BCG in the UK again?. BMJ (Online). 2009. 338:8

465 J. P. d. V. van Niekerk. Editor's choice. South African Medical Journal. 2008. 98:737

473 T. Barnighausen, D. E. Bloom, D. Canning and J. O'Brien. Accounting for the full

benefits of childhood vaccination in South Africa. South African Medical Journal. 2008. 98:842-‐846

479 C. F. Von Reyn and A. I. Zumla. BCG vaccination in children. BMJ. 2008. 337:1246-‐1247

492 Z. A. Bhutta, B. A. Haider, S. Cousens and R. E. Black. Response to "Conflicting evidence for neonatal vitamin A supplementation (letter)" by Benn et al. [Vaccine, 2008]. Vaccine. 2008. 26:4304-‐4305

494 C. S. Benn, A. B. Fisker, M. J. Jorgensen and P. Aaby. Conflicting evidence for neonatal vitamin A supplementation. Vaccine. 2008. 26:4111-‐4112

512 J. M. Tielsch. Vitamin A supplements in newborns and child survival. BMJ. 2008. 336:1385-‐1386

523 P. C. Chan, L. M. Huang and H. S. Kuo. Is neonatal Bacillus Calmette-‐Guerin vaccination protective in Taiwan?. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2008. 107:195-‐197

562 D. Lehmann. Letters to the editors [1]. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2007. 12:1269-‐1270

574 D. Lehmann. Letter to the editors. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2007. 12:1134-‐1135

606 E. A. Bernatowska, B. Wolska-‐Kusnierz, M. Pac, M. Kurenko-‐Deptuch, Z. Zwolska, J. L. Casanova, B. Piatosa, J. Van Dongen, K. Roszkowski, B. Mikoluc, M. Klaudel-‐Dreszler and A. Liberek. Disseminated bacillus Calmette-‐Guerin infection and immunodeficiency [14]. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2007. 13:799-‐801

622 R. Saracci. Survival-‐related biases survive well [3]. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2007. 36:244-‐246

627 A. E. Roth and J. Nielsen. A non-‐beneficial effect of BCG on non-‐tuberculous childhood mortality?. Vaccine. 2007. 25:12-‐13

630 P. E. Fine and P. G. Smith. 'Non-‐specific effects of vaccines'-‐-‐an important analytical insight, and call for a workshop. Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH. 2007. 12:1-‐4

712 A. Lalvani, M. Bakir, K. A. Millington, D. Dosanjh and A. Soysal. BCG and protection

12

against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection [2]. Lancet. 2006. 367:391-‐392

726 F. Simondon and J. Vaugelade. Beneficial and adverse side effects of vaccination: Perception in developing countries. Expert Review of Vaccines. 2005. 4:785-‐787

771 F. Shann, P. E. M. Fine, P. Aaby, H. Jensen, C. S. Benn, I. M. Lisse, J. Vaugelade, F. Simondon, E. Elguero, S. Pinchinat and G. Guiella. Non-‐specific effects of vaccination [1] (multiple letters). British Medical Journal. 2005. 330:844-‐845

785 P. Aaby and H. Jensen. Commentary: Contrary findings from Guinea-‐Bissau and Papua New Guinea. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2005. 34:149-‐151

798 A. J. Hall. Vaccination and child mortality. Lancet. 2004. 364:2156-‐2157

840 F. Shann. Heterologous immunity and the nonspecific effects of vaccines: A major medical advance?. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2004. 23:555-‐558

1466 M. C. Pirez. Vaccine preventable diseases in the XXI century. Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute. 2012. 26:349-‐351

1508 B. Lindsey, C. Jones and B. Kampmann. Bridging the gap: Maternal immunisation as a means to reduce neonatal deaths from infectious diseases. Pathogens and Global Health. 2012. 106:137-‐138

1566 C. M. Healy and C. J. Baker. Infant pertussis: What to do next?. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2012. 54:328-‐330

1601 T. Duke. Randomised trials in child health in developing countries 2011. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics. 2011. 31:283-‐285

1603 O. Topachevskyi, R. Emerson and B. Standaert. Multiple choices -‐ How to make rational decisions across several interventions when faced with different outcomes and perspectives?. Value in Health. 2011. 14:A432

1646 M. J. Friedrich. Research aims to boost pertussis control. JAMA -‐ Journal of the American Medical Association. 2011. 306:27-‐29

1655 P. Jouvet and G. Emeriaud. Critical pertussis: An example of pediatric disease that necessitates a large collaborative network. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine.

2011. 12:467-‐468

1676 A. Rouhani. Commentary. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2011. 57:508-‐509

1698 B. A. Halperin and S. A. Halperin. The reemergence of pertussis and infant deaths: Is it time to immunize pregnant women?. Future Microbiology. 2011. 6:367-‐369

1709 M. Prabhudas, B. Adkins, H. Gans, C. King, O. Levy, O. Ramilo and C. A. Siegrist. Challenges in infant immunity: Implications for responses to infection and vaccines. Nature Immunology. 2011. 12:189-‐194

1762 J. Cohen. Pertussis: of epidemic proportions. AACN advanced critical care. 2010. 21:345-‐348

1840 H. D. Eppert. Disease Prevention Update: Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis-‐Who, What, When, Why, and How?. Journal of Emergency Nursing. 2010. 36:122-‐124

1952 S. S. Shah and M. M. Davis. Old disease, innovative response: Accelerating infant vaccination during a community pertussis outbreak. JAMA -‐ Journal of the American Medical Association. 2009. 301:2260-‐2261

1972 A. M. Prentice, M. Savy, M. K. Darboe and S. E. Moore. Commentary: Challenging public health orthodoxies -‐ Prophesy or heresy?. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2009. 38:591-‐593

1984 J. L. Ey. Editorial comments. Clinical Pediatrics. 2009. 48:233

1990 R. Ulloa-‐Gutierrez. Pertussis vaccination in newborns. Expert Review of Vaccines. 2009. 8:153-‐157

2031 A. J. Chitkara, S. Kukreja and R. C. Shah. Pertussis and diphtheria immunization. Indian Pediatrics. 2008. 45:723-‐727

2032 D. R. Bronfin. Childhood immunization controversies: What are parents asking?. Ochsner Journal. 2008. 8:151-‐156

2060 A. Parthasarathy. Contamination of reconstituted multidose measles vaccine vial and toxic shock syndrome in Tamilnadu. Indian Pediatrics. 2008. 45:606

2130 D. Lehmann. Re: DTP vaccination and child survival in observational studies with incomplete vaccination data. Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH. 2007. 12:1269-‐1270; author reply 1270-‐1271

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2135 P. Aaby and H. Jensen. Letters to the editors [2]. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2007. 12:1270-‐1271

2138 N. Khan, J. Shastri, U. Aigal and B. Doctor. Resurgence of diphtheria in the vaccination era [10]. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2007. 25:434

2143 Y. K. Chae and J. H. Yun. Early supplementation with high-‐dose vitamin A in The Gambia. Lancet. 2007. 370:1030

2144 M. K. Darboe, T. J. Fulford, C. P. Doherty, G. Morgan and A. M. Prentice. Early supplementation with high-‐dose vitamin A in The Gambia -‐ Authors' reply. Lancet. 2007. 370:1030-‐1031

2162 K. Mulholland. Childhood pneumonia mortality-‐a permanent global emergency. Lancet. 2007. 370:285-‐289

2168 T. Jefferson. Why the MRC randomized trials of whooping cough (pertussis) vaccines remain important more than half a century after they were done. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2007. 100:343-‐345

2170 B. Brabin. Infant vitamin A supplementation: consensus and controversy. Lancet. 2007. 369:2054-‐2056

2174 S. Newton and S. Owusu-‐Agyei. Need to worry: Wrong vitamin A doses reported!. Vaccine. 2007. 25:4514

2191 M. Naus. What's on the horizon for new vaccines?. Canadian Pharmacists Journal. 2007. 140:S20-‐22

2220 S. A. Halperin. The control of pertussis -‐ 2007 And beyond. New England Journal of Medicine. 2007. 356:110-‐113

2234 J. E. Frampton and G. M. Keating. Reduced-‐antigen, combined diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (boostrix(trademark)): A review of its use as a single-‐dose booster immunization. BioDrugs. 2006. 20:371-‐389

2272 S. A. Halperin. Reduced-‐antigen, combined diphtheria-‐tetanus-‐acellular pertussis vaccine, adsorbed (Boostrix(registered trademark) US formulation): A viewpoint. Pediatric Drugs. 2006. 8:196

2278 E. M. Chiocca. Pertussis. Nursing. 2006. 36:72

2314 B. Estrada. New immunization strategies

against pertussis. Infections in Medicine. 2006. 23:16

2331 H. V. Fineberg. We must not lose the wonders of vaccination. MedGenMed Medscape General Medicine. 2005. 7:#pages#

2365 Z. Kabir and P. Aaby. Non-‐specific effect of measles vaccination on all-‐cause child mortality: Revisited. Indian Pediatrics. 2005. 42:541-‐544

2387 S. Plotkin. Aims, scope and findings of the Global Pertussis Initiative. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2005. 24:S5-‐S6

2396 P. Aaby, A. Rodrigues, S. Biai, C. Martins, J. E. Veirum, C. S. Benn and H. Jensen. Vaccines and unexpected observations: flaws or cause for concern?. Vaccine. 2005. 23:2407-‐2408

2409 H. J. Schmitt. A "signal" requires urgent action. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2005. 164:59-‐60

2450 P. Titchner. Did immunizations kill my babies?. Midwifery today with international midwife. 2004. #volume#:42-‐43

2461 N. Guiso. Pertussis is back and now what?. #journal#. 2004. 549:105-‐108

2477 C. Kruger. Malaria intermittent preventive treatment and EPI coverage [5]. Lancet. 2004. 363:2000-‐2001

2498 A. Hall. Commentary: Vaccines and unexpected events. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2004. 33:381

2524 U. Heininger. Pertussis vaccine. Vaccines: Children and Practice. 2003. 6:2-‐3

2525 J. Mertsola. The risk of pertussis in infants. Vaccines: Children and Practice. 2003. 6:18-‐19

2528 R. Kumar. The immunization programme in India: Current practices and challenges. Vaccines: Children and Practice. 2003. 6:9-‐11

2545 C. B. Stephensen. Commentary: A hypothesis concerning vitamin A supplementation, vaccines, and childhood mortality. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2003. 32:828-‐829

2563 K. Abarca, P. Van Damme, M. Van Der Wielen and H. Theeten. Reduced-‐antigen combined diphtheria-‐tetanus-‐acellular pertussis vaccine (Boostrix(trademark)): Viewpoints. Drugs. 2003. 63:1415-‐1416

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2601 Z. Kabir. Is all-‐cause mortality a useful epidemiological endpoint in vaccine trials? An example of BCG (Bacille-‐Calmette-‐Guerine) [1]. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2003. 32:161-‐162

2608 E. Kurstak. Towards the new global vaccinology era in prevention and control of diseases. Vaccine. 2003. 21:580-‐581

2643 . Resumption of routine schedule for diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine and for measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2002. 51:598-‐599

2656 P. Duclos and J. M. Olive. Invited commentary: Pertussis, a forgotten killer. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2002. 155:897-‐898

2721 P. I. Folb. Routine vaccination and child survival in Guinea-‐Bissau. WHO responds to Guinea-‐Bissau report. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2001. 322:361

2722 K. Mulholland and M. L. Barreto. Routine vaccination and child survival in Guinea-‐Bissau. Lessons can be learnt from this study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2001. 322:360

2723 P. Aaby, H. Jensen, K. Mulholland, M. L. Barreto and P. I. Folb. Routine vaccination and child survival in Guinea-‐Bissau [3] (multiple letters). British Medical Journal. 2001. 322:360-‐361

2727 F. Shann. Non-‐specific effects of vaccines in developing countries. British Medical Journal. 2000. 321:1423-‐1424

2728 P. Fine. Commentary: An unexpected finding that needs confirmation or rejection. British Medical Journal. 2000. 321:1439

2730 D. R. Hurley. Referee 1: Measles, mumps, rubella vaccine: Through a glass darkly by A. J. Wakefield and Scott M. Montgomery. Adverse Drug Reactions and Toxicological Reviews. 2000. 19:284-‐285

2740 J. Vekemans, M. O. C. Ota, T. Goetghebuer, M. J. Newport and A. Marchant. 'Immunisation of newborns in the tropics' The Gambia, 25-‐27 November 1999. Vaccine. 2000. 19:387-‐392

2759 R. Lodha, A. Sareen, R. M. Kumar and N. K. Arora. Tetanus in immunized children [3]. Indian Pediatrics. 2000. 37:223-‐224

2773 F. Shann and M. C. Steinhoff. Vaccines for

children in rich and poor countries. Lancet. 1999. 354:S7-‐S11

2792 J. D. Grabenstein. Overcoming immunization disparities based on race or ethnicity. Hospital Pharmacy. 1999. 34:550-‐559

2808 C. A. Hart, R. L. Smyth and B. I. Duerden. Infections in children. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 1998. 47:943-‐982

2853 R. Schneerson, J. B. Robbins, J. Taranger, T. Lagerard and B. Trollfors. Examination of similarities between diphtheria and pertussis and their toxoids provide insight into vaccine-‐induced protection to Bordetella pertussis. Developments in biological standardization. 1997. 89:321-‐326

2887 R. Schneerson, J. B. Robbins, J. Taranger, T. Lagergard and B. Trollfors. A toxoid vaccine for pertussis as well as diphtheria? Lessons to be relearned. Lancet. 1996. 348:1289-‐1292

2919 G. A. Poland. Acellular pertussis vaccines: New vaccines for an old disease. Lancet. 1996. 347:209-‐210

2929 R. T. Vetter and G. M. Johnson. Vaccination update: Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, mumps, rubella, measles. Postgraduate Medicine. 1995. 98:133-‐137+141-‐145+148

2949 M. P. Callaghan and B. Immerman. PHS mission to Goma, Zaire. Public Health Reports. 1995. 110:95-‐99

2951 C. Schechter, S. Gagliano, G. Traversa, H. R. Taylor, S. D. Nash, E. M. Gilbert, M. Packer, T. J. M. Cleophas, R. Pohl, R. Balon, W. F. Denny, J. J. Sramek, N. R. Cutler, D. A. Solomon, K. J. Rothman and K. B. Michels. The use of placebo controls [1]. New England Journal of Medicine. 1995. 332:60-‐62

2975 K. A. Nacey. Pertussis. Journal of emergency nursing: JEN : official publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association. 1994. 20:241-‐243

2980 W. A. Ray, M. R. Griffin, P. E. M. Fine and R. T. Chen. Re: 'Confounding in studies of adverse reactions to vaccines'. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1994. 139:229-‐230

2986 B. D. Magwood, P. Camfield and S. Halperin. Controversies and contraindications regarding pertussis

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immunization. To DPT or not to DPT. Nova Scotia Medical Journal. 1993. 72:181-‐184

2992 J. B. Robbins, M. Pittman, B. Trollfors, T. A. Lagergard, J. Taranger and R. Schneerson. Primum non nocere: A pharmacologically inert pertussis toxoid alone should be the next pertussis vaccine. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 1993. 12:795-‐807

2993 . Expanded programme on immunization (EPI). Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire / Section d'hygiène du Secrétariat de la Société des Nations = Weekly epidemiological record / Health Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations. 1993. 68:323-‐327

3000 . Pertussis consensus conference. Canada communicable disease report = Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada. 1993. 19:124-‐135

3015 A. Nicoll and N. Begg. Immunizations in children. Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 1993. 5:60-‐67

3050 V. A. Fulginiti. How safe are pertussis and rubella vaccines? A commentary on the Institute of Medicine report. Pediatrics. 1992. 89:334-‐336

3055 A. Oya. Introduction to the International Symposium on Pertussis Evaluation and Research on Acellular Pertussis Vaccines. Developments in biological standardization. 1991. 73:3-‐4

3090 D. Elliman. Adverse reactions and immunization schedules. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 1989. 2:773-‐778

3102 N. Shendurnikar. Pertussis vaccine. Indian Pediatrics. 1989. 26:270-‐273

3113 M. Kimura and H. Kuno-‐Sakai. Acellular pertussis vaccines and fatal infections. Lancet. 1988. 1:881-‐882

3125 A. R. Hinman and I. M. Onorato. Acellular pertussis vaccines. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 1987. 6:341-‐343

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9019 T. J. John and V. P. Verghese. Time to re-‐think measles vaccination schedule in India. The Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2011. 134:256-‐259

9095 L. Lugosi. Theoretical and methodological aspects of BCG vaccine from the discovery of Calmette and G&-‐in to molecular biology. A review. Tubercle and Lung Disease. 1992. 73:252-‐61

9097 J. D. MacGregor. Whooping-‐cough vaccination: a recent Shetland experience. BMJ. 1979. 1:#pages#

9122 E. Mayo-‐Wilson, A. Imdad, K. Herzer, M. Y. Yakoob and Z. A. Bhutta. Vitamin A supplements for preventing mortality, illness, and blindness in children aged under 5: systematic review and meta-‐analysis. BMJ. 2011. 343:d5094-‐d5094

9147 D. C. Morley and P. Aaby. Managing measles. Size of infecting dose may be important. BMJ. 1997. 314:1692;-‐author reply 1692-‐1693

9148 E. A. Mortimer. Pertussis and pertussis vaccines: 15 years of change. Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 1991. 2:82-‐90

9184 C. C. Obihara and P. G. Bardin. Hygiene hypothesis, allergy and BCG: a dirty mix?. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2008. 38:388-‐392

9190 W. A. Orenstein, R. H. Bernier and A. R. Hinman. Assessing vaccine efficacy in the field. Further observations. Epidemiologic Reviews. 1988. 10:212-‐241

9191 W. A. Orenstein, S. G. F. Wassilak, P. M. Strebel, R. H. Bernier and W. C. Blackwelder. Efficacy of pertussis vaccine. The Journal of Pediatrics. 1990. 117:508-‐508

9214 A. M. Prentice. Vitamin A supplements and survival in children. BMJ. 2010. 340:c977-‐c977

9260 H. S. Sachdev, B. R. Kirkwood and C. S. Benn. Neonatal vitamin A supplementation and infant mortality. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2010. 88:875A-‐875B

9287 F. Shann. A little bit of measles does you good. Even if measles is eradicated, immunisation may still be desirable in developing countries. BMJ. 1999. 319:4-‐5

9292 F. Shann. Non-‐specific effects of vaccination: vaccines have non-‐specific (heterologous) effects. BMJ. 2005. 330:844;-‐author reply 844

9293 F. Shann. BCG in developing countries | BMJ. #journal#. 2010. #volume#:#pages#

9301 F. Shann. Australia, immunisation, GAVI, and the non-‐specific effects of vaccines. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 2012. 36:569-‐571

9303 F. Shann and P. Aaby. Unexpected beneficial effects of measles immunisation. BMJ. 2000. 320:939-‐940

9308 C.-‐A. Siegrist. Blame vaccine interference,

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not neonatal immunization, for suboptimal responses after neonatal diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis immunization. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2008. 153:305-‐307

9319 K. C. Smith, I. M. Orme and J. R. Starke. Tuberculosis vaccines. #journal#. 2008. #volume#:857-‐885

9343 H. G. ten Dam and K. L. Hitze. Does BCG vaccination protect the newborn and young infants?. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1980. 58:37-‐41

9409 O. World Health. Potential adverse impact of routine vaccination on child survival. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2002. 77:393-‐4

9411 O. World Health. Report of the WHO Task Force on Routine Infant Vaccination and Child Survival, July 2004. #journal#. 2004. #volume#:#pages#

9412 O. World Health. Nonspecific effects of childhood immunization. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2004. 79:#pages#

9413 O. World Health. Effect of diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis (DTP) vaccination on child survival. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2004. 79:271-‐2

9414 O. World Health. Measles vaccines. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2004. 79:130-‐42

9416 O. World Health. Optimizing immunization schedules. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2006. 81:10-‐11

9418 O. World Health. Non-‐specifi c effects of DTP vaccine on child mortality. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2008. 83:#pages#

9419 O. World Health. Report from the Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2009. 84:#pages#

9421 O. World Health. Pertussis vaccines. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2010. 85:#pages#

9437 N. M. Benn CS, Selin LK, Aaby P. A small jab -‐ a big effect: non-‐specific immunomodulation by vaccines. Trends Immunol. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

4. Uncontrolled studies (e.g., case series, case report)

279 P. C. Basta, C. E. A. Coimbra Jr, J. R. Welch, L. C. Corra Alves, R. V. Santos and

L. A. Bastos Camacho. Tuberculosis among the Xavante Indians of the Brazilian Amazon: An epidemiological and ethnographic assessment. Annals of Human Biology. 2010. 37:643-‐657

514 Y. K. Amdekar and T. Singhal. Measles vaccine deaths -‐ The IAP-‐COI stand. Indian Pediatrics. 2008. 45:479-‐480

2008 L. M. Chuk, S. B. Lambert, M. L. May, F. H. Beard, T. P. Sloots, C. E. Selvey and M. D. Nissen. Pertussis in infants: how to protect the vulnerable?. Communicable diseases intelligence. 2008. 32:449-‐456

2035 P. Poudel, R. Singh, S. Raja and S. Budhathoki. Pediatric and neonatal tetanus: a hospital based study at eastern Nepal. Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ. 2008. 10:170-‐175

3172 T. M. Pollock, E. Miller and J. Lobb. Severity of whooping cough in England before and after the decline in pertussis immunisation. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1984. 59:162-‐165

3205 G. T. Stewart. Whooping cough in relation to other childhood infections in 1977-‐9 in the United Kingdom. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 1981. 35:139-‐145

3267 N. O. Bwibo. Whooping cough in Uganda. Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. 1971. 3:41-‐43

3306 A. Kebede, H. Ahmed, B. G. Masresha, R. T. Perry, A. Burton, P. Spiegel, C. Blanton, F. Husain, J. L. Goodson and J. P. Alexander. Measles -‐ Horn of Africa, 2010-‐2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2012. 61:678-‐684

3455 K. Mitiku, T. Bedada, B. G. Masresha, W. Kegne, F. Nafo-‐Traore, N. Tesfaye and A. Yigzaw. Progress in measles mortality reduction in Ethiopia, 2002-‐2009. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2011. 204:S232-‐S238

3937 S. A. Wyll and J. J. Witte. Measles in previously vaccinated children. An epidemiological study. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 1971. 216:1306-‐1310

4283 S. Gomber and H. Chellani. Acute toxicity of vitamin A administered with measles vaccine. Indian Pediatrics. 1996. 33:1053-‐1055

6152 A. Mohan, M. V. Murhekar, N. S. Wairgkar, Y. J. Hutin and M. D. Gupte.

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Measles transmission following the tsunami in a population with a high one-‐dose vaccination coverage, Tamil Nadu, India 2004-‐2005. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2006. 6:#pages#

6332 . Prevention of measles deaths in Darfur, Sudan. Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire / Section d'hygiène du Secrétariat de la Société des Nations = Weekly epidemiological record / Health Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations. 2004. 79:344-‐348

6953 G. L. Darmstadt and N. A. Halsey. Measles in mother-‐infant pairs. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 1992. 11:492-‐493

7269 Anon. Complicaciones fatales asociadas a la aplicacion de vacunas en Antioquia, 1989. Bol. epidemiol. Antioq. #year#. 14:42-‐4

7393 R. Bwire and H. J. Kawuma. Hospital-‐based study on neonatal tetanus, Buluba Hospital, 1985-‐1989. J Trop Med Hyg. #year#. 95:62-‐6

8217 M. A. Phadke, B. N. Joshi, U. V. Warerkar, M. P. Diwan, G. A. Panse, J. Sokhey and S. M. Bhate. Toxic shock syndrome: an unforeseen complication following measles vaccination. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

8527 J. Vargas H, M. Suárez J, A. Llamoga S, N. Quispe T, F. Alva R, J. Chu C, H. Pereyra S, M. Ticona Z, J. Medrano G and C. Cerna D. Administración de vacunas y casos de muerte súbita del lactante en el Perú, 2001. ¿Asociación o coincidencia temporal?. Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica. #year#. 23:44-‐51

9407 O. World Health. Outbreak of whooping cough. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 1984. 59:26-‐27

9408 O. World Health. Efficacy of pertussis vaccine. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 1984. 59:169-‐70

5. Other study designs irrelevant for the review

640 J. Sepulveda, F. Bustreo, R. Tapia, J. Rivera, R. Lozano, G. Olaiz, V. Partida, L. Garcia-‐Garcia and J. L. Valdespino. Improvement of child survival in Mexico: the diagonal approach. Lancet. 2006. 368:2017-‐2027

2012 M. C. Shinall Jr, T. R. Peters, Y. Zhu, Q. Chen and K. A. Poehling. Potential impact of acceleration of the pertussis vaccine primary series for infants. Pediatrics. 2008.

122:1021-‐1026

2421 H. Kuno-‐Sakai and M. Kimura. Safety and efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine in Japan, evaluated by 23 years of its use for routine immunization. Pediatrics International. 2004. 46:650-‐655

2564 M. E. Khan. Situation analysis of the postpartum programme in India. National Medical Journal of India. 2003. 16:28-‐34

3128 A. W. Funkhouser, S. G. F. Wassilak and W. A. Orenstein. Estimated effects of a delay in the recommended vaccination schedule for diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1987. 257:1341-‐1346

3158 I. Bhargava and J. Sokhey. Immunisation programme in India. Indian Pediatrics. 1985. 22:97-‐106

3169 A. R. Hinman and J. P. Koplan. Pertussis and pertussis vaccine. Reanalysis of benefits, risks, and costs. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1984. 251:3109-‐3113

3185 . Pertussis -‐ Maryland, 1982. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 1983. 32:297-‐300, 305

3228 J. P. Koplan, S. C. Schoenbaum, M. C. Weinstein and D. W. Fraser. Pertussis vaccine; an analysis of benefits, risks and costs. New England Journal of Medicine. 1979. 301:906-‐911

3257 C. L. Miller, T. M. Pollock and A. D. Clewer. Whooping-‐cough vaccination. An assessment. Lancet. 1974. 2:511-‐513

4272 . Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI). Safety and efficacy of measles vaccine/vitamin A supplementation. Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire / Section d'hygiène du Secrétariat de la Société des Nations = Weekly epidemiological record / Health Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations. 1997. 72:329-‐331

5275 . Global measles mortality, 2000-‐2008. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2009. 58:1321-‐1326

6033 A. Dabbagh, M. Gacic-‐Dobo, L. Wolfson, D. Featherstone, P. Strebel, J. M. Okwo-‐Bele, E. Hoekstra, P. Salama, S. Wassilak and A. Uzicanin. Progress in global measles control and mortality reduction, 2000-‐2006. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2007.

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56:1237-‐1241

6145 Z. A. Bhutta, A. Belgaumi, M. A. Rab, Z. Karrar, M. Khashaba and N. Mouane. Child health and survival in the Eastern Mediterranean region. British Medical Journal. 2006. 333:839-‐842

6179 . Meeting of the immunization Strategic Advisory Group of Experts, Geneva, 10-‐11 April 2006: conclusions and recommendations. Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire / Section d'hygiène du Secrétariat de la Société des Nations = Weekly epidemiological record / Health Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations. 2006. 81:210-‐220

6365 J. R. Williams and P. Manfredi. Ageing populations and childhood infections: The potential impact on epidemic patterns and morbidity. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2004. 33:566-‐572

6474 . Update: global measles control and mortality reduction-‐-‐worldwide, 1991-‐2001. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2003. 52:471-‐475

6497 . Nationwide measles vaccination campaign for children aged 6 months-‐12 years-‐-‐Afghanistan, 2002. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2003. 52:363-‐366

6602 M. Bigham and M. Hoefer. Comparing benefits and risks of immunization. Canadian Journal of Public Health. 2001. 92:173-‐177

7056 C. C. White, J. P. Koplan and W. A. Orenstein. Benefits, risks and costs of immunization for measles, mumps and rubella. American Journal of Public Health. 1985. 75:739-‐744

7117 J. Sejda. Evaluation of the eight-‐year period of compulsory measles vaccination in the Czech Socialist Republic (CSR). Journal of Hygiene Epidemiology Microbiology and Immunology. 1979. 23:273-‐283

7323 P. C. R. Barata and M. d. C. Leal. Uma aplicaçäo de indicadores corrigidos no estudo do sarampo no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Cad Saude Publica. #year#. 1:192-‐206

7992 E. M. C. P. Maluf. Avaliaçäo da resposta a vacina anti-‐sarampo em crianças de 6 a 24 meses de idade. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:vi, 107-‐vi, 107

8573 R. M. Weeks, J. F. Barenzi and J. R. Wayira. A low-‐cost, community-‐based measles outbreak investigation with follow-‐up action. Bull World Health Organ. #year#. 70:317-‐21

8752 R. Bahl, N. Bhandari, B. Dube, K. Edmond, W. Fawzi, O. Fontaine, J. Kaur, B. R. Kirkwood, J. Martines, H. Masanja, S. Mazumder, S. Msham, S. Newton, M. Oleary, J. Ruben, C. Shannon, E. Smith, S. Taneja and S. Yoshida. Efficacy of early neonatal vitamin A supplementation in reducing mortality during infancy in Ghana, India and Tanzania: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2012. 13:#pages#

9284 E. Sergent, A. Catanei and H. Ducros-‐Rougebief. Premunition antituberculose par le BCG. Campagne controlee poursuivie a alger depuis 1935: troisieme note. Archives De L'Institut Pastuer D'Algerie. 1960. 38:131-‐7

6. Participants ≤ 5 years of age

382 M. Villumsen, S. Sorup, T. Jess, H. Ravn, T. Relander, J. L. Baker, C. S. Benn, T. I. A. Sorensen, P. Aaby and A. Roth. Risk of lymphoma and leukaemia after bacille Calmette-‐Guerin and smallpox vaccination: A Danish case-‐cohort study. Vaccine. 2009. 27:6950-‐6958

668 P. Aaby, P. Gustafson, A. Roth, A. Rodrigues, M. Fernandes, M. Sodemann, B. Holmgren, C. S. Benn, M. L. Garly, I. M. Lisse and H. Jensen. Vaccinia scars associated with better survival for adults. An observational study from Guinea-‐Bissau. Vaccine. 2006. 24:5718-‐5725

3724 R. Narain, A. S. Bagga, K. Naganna and S. Mayurnath. Influence of isoniazid on naturally acquired tuberculin allergy and on induction of allergy by BCG vaccination. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1970. 43:53-‐64

6229 M. Otten, R. Kezaala, A. Fall, B. Masresha, R. Martin, L. Cairns, R. Eggers, R. Biellik, M. Grabowsky, P. Strebel, J. M. Okwo-‐Bele and D. Nshimirimana. Public-‐health impact of accelerated measles control in the WHO African Region 2000-‐03. Lancet. 2005. 366:832-‐839

8871 O. M. Dantas, R. A. Ximenes, M. F. Albuquerque, U. R. Montarroyos, W. V. de Souza, P. Varejão and L. C. Rodrigues. Selection bias: neighbourhood controls and

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controls selected from those presenting to a Health Unit in a case control study of efficacy of BCG revaccination. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2007. 7:#pages#

7. No mortality data reported

1998 M. Movahedi, A. A. Haghdoost, O. Pournik, B. Hajarizadeh and M. S. Fallah. Temporal variations of health indicators in Iran comparing with other Eastern Mediterranean Region countries in the last two decades. Journal of Public Health. 2008. 30:499-‐504

2617 S. A. Halperin, J. McDonald, L. Samson, L. Danzig, G. Santos, A. Izu, B. Smith and N. MacDonald. Simultaneous administration of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine and diphtheria-‐tetanus-‐acellular pertussis-‐inactivated poliovirus-‐Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in children: A randomized double-‐blind study. Clinical and Investigative Medicine. 2002. 25:243-‐251

3018 A. Galazka. Control of pertussis in the world. World Health Statistics Quarterly. 1992. 45:238-‐247

3265 F. Nazari, S. Ale Agha, M. Mahinpoor and H. Mirchamsy. Mass immunity against diphtheria and tetanus in some urban and rural areas in Iran. Radovi Imunoloskog Zavoda Zagreb. 1972. Vol.15:79-‐80

7195 . Vitamin A and measles vaccination. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

7260 K. Anand, K. Goswami and S. K. Kapoor. Dropout rates after first dose in a two dose measles vaccination at an immunization clinic in northern India. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

7329 M. Basu, K. Moitra and S. S. Gupta. A few observations on measles immunisation programme. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

7330 R. N. Basu. Measles vaccine-‐-‐feasibility, efficacy and complication rates in a multicentric study. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

7493 L. F. Cruz, L. N. Giron, R. Velasquez, L. M. Garcia and A. Alzate. Coberturas de vacunación en el Valle del Cauca, 2002. Colomb. med. #year#. 34:17-‐23

7602 E. Forleo Neto, E. S. Carvalho, I. C. P. Fuentes, M. S. Precivale, L. H. A. Forleo

and C. K. Farhat. Soroconversäo da vacina tríplice viral em crianças de 9 e 15 meses de idade. Rev. paul. pediatr. #year#. 16:99-‐103

7888 R. Kumar, R. Chandra, V. Bhushan and B. C. Srivastava. Adverse reaction after measles immunization in a rural population. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

7902 O. E. Laínez and N. Anderson. Estudio operacional sobre respuesta inmunológica contra el sarampión en niños de 6 a 23 meses y su relación con la cobertura de vacunación. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:[20]-‐[20]

7977 M. H. Lopes, J. S. d. Mendonça, C. S. Pannuti, P. Albrecht, M. L. N. Biancalana, O. C. Mantese, J. F. Correa and V. Amato Neto. Measles vaccination: influence of age on its efficacy. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. #year#. 31:322-‐7

8110 M. Natu, H. Chavan and A. Pratinidhi. Measles vaccination. Prevention strategy for malnutrition. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

8127 F. K. Nkrumah, M. Osei-‐Kwasi, S. K. Dunyo, K. A. Koram and E. A. Afari. Comparison of AIK-‐C measles vaccine in infants at 6 months with Schwarz vaccine at 9 months: a randomized controlled trial in Ghana. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. #year#. 76:353-‐359

8128 I. M. Novadzki and N. Rosario Filho. Anafilaxia associada à vacina contra sarampo, caxumba e rubéola. Rev Saude Publica. #year#. 44:372-‐376

8184 V. R. Parmar, A. K. Sood, A. Goyal, V. Sharma and T. Singh. Immunogenicity of Edmonston-‐Zagreb measles vaccine. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

8503 F. M. Turnbull, M. A. Burgess, P. B. McIntyre, S. B. Lambert, G. L. Gilbert, H. F. Gidding, R. G. Escott, H. M. Achat, B. P. Hull, H. Wang, G. A. Sam and C. L. Mead. The Australian measles control campaign, 1998. Bulletin of the World Health Organization : the International Journal of Public Health. #year#. 79:882-‐888

8730 I. Abayomi, M. Woodland and D. Morley. Whooping cough vaccine at birth. The Journal of Tropical Pediatrics and Environmental Child Health. 1973. 19:3-‐4

8849 A. Clark and C. Sanderson. Timing of children's vaccinations in 45 low-‐income and middle-‐income countries: an analysis of

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survey data. The Lancet. 2009. 373:1543-‐1549

8876 P. A. di Sant'Agnese. Combined immunization against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis in newborn infants; relationship of age to antibody production. Pediatrics. 1949. 3:333-‐344

8877 P. A. di Sant'Agnese. Simultaneous Immunization of New-‐Born Infants against Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis. #journal#. 1950. 40:674-‐80

9181 F. Noho-‐Konteh, T. Forster, J. Adetifa, M. Cox, A. Drammeh, C. Sanyang, S. Nogaro, J. Ndure, F. Barker, M. T. Le, S. Hossin, H. Whittle, P. Dickinson, P. Ghazal, S. Rowland-‐Jones and K. L. Flanagan. Effect of combining diphtheria, tetanus, whole cell pertussis (DTwP) and measles vaccines on vaccine-‐specific and non-‐specific host responses. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:Poster-‐number 134

9400 J. Wilkins, F. F. Williams, P. F. Wehrle and B. Portnoy. Agglutinin response to pertussis vaccine. I. Effect of dosage and interval. The Journal of Pediatrics. 1971. 79:197-‐202

9435 R. A. Andersen A, Jensen KJ, Erikstrup C, Lisse IM, Whittle H, Sartono E, Yazdanbakhsh M, Aaby P, Benn CS. The immunological effect of revaccination with Bacille Calmette-‐Guérin vaccine at 19 months of age. Vaccine. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

9439 B. C. Fisker AB, Jorgensen MJ, Balde I, Hornshoj L, Bibby BM, Aaby P, Benn CS. High-‐dose vitamin A supplementation administered with vaccinations after 6 months of age: Sex-‐differential adverse reactions and morbidity. Vaccine. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

9444 B. C. Kiraly N, Rodrigues A, Ravn H, Allen K, Aaby P. Vitamin A supplementation and BCG vaccination at birth affect atopy in childhood: long-‐term follow-‐up of randomised controlled trials. Allergy. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

9446 G. M. Martins C, Bale C, Rodrigues A, Benn CS, Whittle H, Aaby P. Measles antibodies responses after an early two dose schedule with Edmonston-‐Zagreb standard titre-‐measles vaccine at 4.5 and 9 months of age. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

9447 B. C. Martins CL, Andersen A, Balé C,

Schaltz-‐Buchholzer F, Do VA, Rodrigues A, Aaby P, Ravn H, Whittle H, Garly ML. Reduction in hospital admissions in a randomized trial of measles vaccine given at 4.5 months of age. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

9448 G. M. Martins CL, Bale C, Rodrigues A, Benn CS, Whittle H, Aaby P. Measles antibodies levels after vaccination with Edmonston-‐Zagreb and Schwarz measles vaccine at 9 and 18 months of age. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

9450 B. C. Sorup S, Poulsen A, Krause TG, Aaby P, Ravn H. Measles-‐Mumps-‐Rubella-‐Vaccination Reduces the Risk of Non-‐targeted Hospital Admissions due to Infections -‐ a Danish Nationwide Cohort-‐study Based on Registers. #journal#. #year#. #volume#:#pages#

60 E. J. Anderson, E. L. Webb, P. A. Mawa, M. Kizza, N. Lyadda, M. Nampijja and A. M. Elliott. The influence of BCG vaccine strain on mycobacteria-‐specific and non-‐specific immune responses in a prospective cohort of infants in Uganda. Vaccine. 2012. 30:2083-‐2089

171 A. H. Al-‐Salem. Safety of intradermal BCG vaccine in neonates. Annals of Thoracic Medicine. 2011. 6:163

179 B. R. Diness, C. L. Martins, C. Bale, M. L. Garly, H. Ravn, A. Rodrigues, H. Whittle, P. Aaby and C. S. Benn. The effect of high-‐dose vitamin A supplementation at birth on measles incidence during the first 12 months of life in boys and girls: An unplanned study within a randomised trial. British Journal of Nutrition. 2011. 105:1819-‐1822

258 G. K. Kaguthi, V. N. Nduba, E. Mitchel, S. Verver, M. Borgdorff, A. Hawkridge, K. Laserson and A. V'Ant Hoog. A Prospective Cohort Study To Evaluate Incidence Of Tuberculosis In Infants, Western Kenya. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2010. 83:336

478 A. Hawkridge, M. Hatherill, F. Little, M. A. Goetz, L. Barker, H. Mahomed, J. Sadoff, W. Hanekom, L. Geiter, G. Hussey, A. Burger, A. Malone, A. M. Demers, A. Veldsman, A. Gumusboga, C. Kewley, D. Minnies, D. Michaels, E. Simon, G. Kaplan, H. Zar, K. Iloni, L. Denation, L. Workman, L. Van Der Merwe, M. Behr, M. Buchanan, M. Borgdorff, M. Geldenhuys, M. Kibel, M.

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Tameris, M. Hanslo, R. Shepherd, S. Schaaf, S. Mawu, S. Moyo, S. Abraham, S. Verver, S. Mlanjeni and V. Dirks. Efficacy of percutaneous versus intradermal BCG in the prevention of tuberculosis in South African infants: Randomised trial. BMJ. 2008. 337:1275-‐1278

516 A. Hodgson, A. A. Forgor, D. Chandramohan, Z. Reed, F. Binka, C. Bevilacqua, D. Boutriau and B. Greenwood. A phase II, randomized study on an investigational DTPw-‐HBV/Hib-‐MenAC conjugate vaccine administered to infants in Northern Ghana. PLoS ONE. 2008. 3:#pages#

557 B. R. Diness, A. B. Fisker, A. Roth, M. Yazdanbakhsh, E. Sartono, H. Whittle, J. E. Nante, I. M. Lisse, H. Ravn, A. Rodrigues, P. Aaby and C. S. Benn. Effect of high-‐dose vitamin A supplementation on the immune response to Bacille Calmette-‐Guerin vaccine. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007. 86:1152-‐1159

659 P. Camargos, Y. Ribeiro, A. Teixeira and L. Menezes. Tuberculin skin reactivity after neonatal BCG vaccination in preterm infants in Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2001-‐2002. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica/Pan American Journal of Public Health. 2006. 19:403-‐407

683 A. Rodrigues, T. K. Fischer, P. Valentiner-‐Branth, J. Nielsen, H. Steinsland, M. Perch, M. L. Garly, K. Molbak and P. Aaby. Community cohort study of rotavirus and other enteropathogens: Are routine vaccinations associated with sex-‐differential incidence rates?. Vaccine. 2006. 24:4737-‐4746

710 A. C. Hesseling, H. Rabie, B. J. Marais, M. Manders, M. Lips, H. S. Shaaf, R. P. Gie, M. F. Cotton, P. D. Van Helden, R. M. Warren and N. Beyers. Bacille Calmette-‐Guerin vaccine-‐induced disease in HIV-‐infected and HIV-‐unifected children. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2006. 42:548-‐558

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7181 C. Ristori, H. Boccardo, M. Miranda, M. Borgono, S. Stockebrand, J. Canello, S. Munoz, B. Carrillo, F. Concha, I. Assael, L. Sanchez, I. Olivari, M. Aravena and S. Burton. VACCINATION AGAINST MEASLES WITH LIVE VIRUS FROM THE EDMONSTON STRAIN-‐NATIONAL EXPERIENCE. Revista chilena de pediatría. 1963. 34:656-‐663

7185 A. A. Fisker, P.; Rodrigues, A.; Frydenberg, M.; Bibby, B.M.; Benn, C.S.. Vitamin A supplementaiton at birth might prime the response to subsequent vitamin A supplements in girls. Three year follow-‐up of a randomized trial.. PLoS ONE. 2011. 6:e23265

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7299 A. Arrouji, H. Mirchamsy and A. Marnissi. Vaccination antirougeoleuse: Etude de l'immunite humorale chez les enfants vaccines de la region de Tunis. Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis. #year#. 59:173-‐80

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7660 T. M. R. Guimarães, J. G. B. Alves and M. M. F. Tavares. Impacto das ações de imunização pelo Programa Saúde da Família na mortalidade infantil por doenças evitáveis em Olinda, Pernambuco, Brasil. Cad Saude Publica. #year#. 25:868-‐876

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Chidawanyika, B. J. Ward, K. J. Nathoo, L. C. Malaba, L. S. Zijenah, P. Zvandasara, R. Ntozini, F. Mzengeza, A. I. Mahomva, A. J. Ruff, M. T. Mbizvo and C. D. Zunguza. Effects of a single large dose of vitamin A, given during the postpartum period to HIV-‐positive women and their infants, on child HIV infection, HIV-‐free survival, and mortality. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2006. 193:860-‐871

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9451 P. Aaby, H. Ravn, C. Benn, A. Rodrigues, S. A. Ibrahim, M. Libman and H. Whittle. Child mortality after inactivated vaccines versus standard measles vaccine at nine months of age: a combined analysis of five cross-‐over randomised trials. Unpublished. 2000. #volume#:#pages#

9473 P. Aaby, S. A. Ibrahim, M. D. Libman and H. Jensen. The sequence of vaccinations and increased female mortality after high-‐titre measles vaccine: trials from rural Sudan and Kinshasa. Vaccine. 2006. 24:2764-‐71

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APPENDIX 3: LIST OF EXCLUDED STUDIES

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