APPENDIX 4-1
Conceptual Hydrogeological Assessment
EPA Referral – January, 2017
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Global
Groundwater
Australian Bore Consultants Pty. Ltd. Hydrogeological Division ACN 077 734 153 ABN 66 077 734 153
PO Box 174 Bassendean Western Australia 6054
Yangibana Rare Earth Project
Conceptual Hydrogeological Appraisal
for
Hastings Technology Metals Limited
November, 2016
Hydrogeologist Global Groundwater
P.O. Box 174 Bassendean WA 6054 Tel: + 61 8 9386 4725 Fax: + 61 8 9386 1080
Yangibana Project Conceptual Hydrogeology for Hastings Technology Metals Limited
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Australian Bore Consultants Pty Ltd Trading As: Global Groundwater
ACN 077 734 153 ABN 66 077 734 153
PO Box 174 Bassendean, Western Australia 6054
Telephone: 61 8 9386 4725 Facsimile: 61 8 9386 1080 E-mail: [email protected]
© 2016 Global Groundwater (Australian Bore Consultants Pty. Ltd. Hydrogeological Division)
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findings, observations and conclusions contained in this report
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Document Status
Version Author Reviewer Approved for Issue
No. Name Signature Date
Draft D. Skidmore R. Nixon
7/10/2016
1 D. Skidmore E. Ryan-Reid, L. Jefferson (Hastings) L. Hopgood
R. Nixon
15/11/2016
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CONTENTS
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Location ................................................................................................................. 1
2 Program Description ................................................................................................... 1
3 Previous Work and Available Data ............................................................................. 2
3.1 Geological Appraisals ............................................................................................ 2 3.2 Hydrogeological Appraisals .................................................................................... 3 3.3 Groundwater Data .................................................................................................. 4
4 Water Licensing .......................................................................................................... 4
5 Setting ........................................................................................................................ 5
5.1 Climate .................................................................................................................. 5 5.2 Geomorphology ..................................................................................................... 6 5.3 Vegetation.............................................................................................................. 6 5.4 Groundwater Dependant Ecosystems .................................................................... 7
Surface GDE ....................................................................................................... 7 Stygofauna .......................................................................................................... 8 Troglofauna ......................................................................................................... 8
6 Geology ...................................................................................................................... 9
6.1 Basement Rocks .................................................................................................... 9 Basement Rock Structure .................................................................................. 10
6.2 Superficial Strata.................................................................................................. 10 Calcrete ............................................................................................................. 10 Colluvium and Other Transported and Residual Units ....................................... 10 Recent Alluvium ................................................................................................. 11 Eluvium .............................................................................................................. 11 Lake Deposits .................................................................................................... 12
7 Conceptual Hydrogeology ........................................................................................ 12
7.1 Aquifers ............................................................................................................... 12 7.2 Groundwater Levels ............................................................................................. 13 7.3 Recharge, Flow and Discharge ............................................................................ 14 7.4 Storage ................................................................................................................ 15 7.5 Groundwater Salinity ............................................................................................ 16 7.6 Bore Capacities ................................................................................................... 17
8 Implications For The Yangibana Rare Earths Project ............................................... 18
9 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 20
10 Recommendations.................................................................................................... 22
11 References ............................................................................................................... 23
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FIGURES
Figure 1 ...................................................................................................................... Location
Figure 2 .................................................................................................... Bore/Well Locations
Figure 3 .......................................................................................................... Simple Geology
Figure 4 ......................................................................................................... Surface Geology
Figure 5 .................................................................................................... Groundwater Levels
Figure 6 ........................................................................................................... Calcrete Extent
Figure 7 ......................................................... Conceptual Hydrogeology – Schematic Section
Figure 8 .................................................................................................. Groundwater Salinity
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1 INTRODUCTION
Hastings Technology Metals Limited (Hastings) is conducting a detailed feasibility study
(DFS) for development of the Yangibana Rare Earths Project (Yangibana Project) located in
the Fraser Creek area of the upper Gascoyne region of Western Australia (Figure 1).
Stygofauna and troglofauna species have been discovered within the mining footprint. The
area has been delineated by the Department of Parks and Wildlife as containing the Gifford
Creek Priority Ecological Community (PEC) in a network of shallow calcrete aquifers. The
project intersects the northern portion of the Gifford Creek PEC area. However, no calcrete
aquifers occur where subterranean fauna species were found (Ecoscape, 2016a).
The conceptual hydrogeology of the broader mining area has not been documented
previously but is required to understand any habitat relationships between the Project areas
further and the PEC calcretes, inform the regional stygofauna and troglofauna sampling,
project planning, approvals and subsequent development. Hastings engaged Global
Groundwater to provide a desktop hydrogeological appraisal setting out the conceptual
hydrogeology of the area. This report sets out the data acquired and its interpretation to
present the conceptual hydrogeology (aquifer characterisation, waterlevels, groundwater flow
and salinity).
1.1 LOCATION
The Yangibana Project will consist of several pits with associated mining and processing
facilities located within mining leases and general and miscellaneous tenements within a
larger area of mining tenements operated by Hastings, which cover about 645 km2 overlying
the Wanna and Edmund station pastoral leases (Figure 1). It occurs in the centre south of
the Edmund 1:250 000 and 1:100 000 scale map-sheet areas and incorporates the
Yangibana, Bald Hill, and Fraser’s deposits.
2 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
Searches were conducted of government agencies to obtain available data and reports. A
study area covering approximately 6000 km2 (600,000 ha) was established to extend some
distance from the Yangibana tenement area.
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Published geological maps at 1:250 000 and 1:100 000 scale were obtained from the
Geological Survey of Western Australia (GSWA) within the Department of Mines and
Petroleum (DMP). The GSWA’s various databases were also searched for published and
unpublished geological and hydrogeological reports, and for reporting associated with
minerals exploration licenses (WAMEX) that may have detailed exploration drilling in the
area, sometimes with results of water bore drilling.
The Department of Water (DoW) Water Information System (WIN) was interrogated for bore
data and the DoW library system was interrogated for hydrogeological reports and
consultants ‘Accession’ reports setting out details of groundwater drilling in the study area.
The DoW licensing database was also interrogated for licensing associated with the area.
Groundwater, environmental and drilling data were requested from the Hastings project
team.
The acquired data and reports were reviewed and consolidated to provide the background
hydrogeology and a platform for ongoing groundwater work to support development of the
project.
3 PREVIOUS WORK AND AVAILABLE DATA
3.1 GEOLOGICAL APPRAISALS
The 1:250 000 scale mapping of the Edmund sheet area (Daniels, 1967) and the
accompanying explanatory notes (Daniels, 1969) was the first systematic geological mapping
in the area. Daniels (1969) also provided a brief history of earlier geological investigations,
which included mostly minerals investigations or regional geological data gathering exercises
from 1890 onward.
Little published work appears to have been undertaken in the area after Daniels (1967, 1969)
work until 1985, for revision of the Bangemall Basin Supergroup stratigraphy, for work on the
Gascoyne Complex in 1986 and detailed work on the alkaline dykes in the southern and
central part of the Edmund 1:250 000 sheet in 1996. These previous works were
summarised by Martin et al. (2005) when the Edmund 1:250 000 sheet area was geologically
mapped at 1:100 000 scale. Pirajno and González-Álvarez (2013) furthered the work on the
alkaline intrusives of the area.
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In excess of 150 WAMEX reports were recovered and briefly appraised. Most WAMEX
reports covered smaller programs not inclusive of drilling and where drilling was undertaken
and reported it is often difficult to identify drill-hole locations from the earlier reports. The
published geological appraisals often draw on the WAMEX data.
Hastings has undertaken extensive mineral exploration activities focussed in the Fraser,
Gifford and Yangibana areas. These have been summarised in the context of the broader
geological setting and detail has been provided on each prospect (Whittock, 2016).
3.2 HYDROGEOLOGICAL APPRAISALS
Detailed hydrogeological appraisals of the area have not been undertaken and
correspondingly there is a paucity of groundwater data for the area. Daniels (1969) noted
from geological mapping of the 1:250 000 Edmund sheet area that most of the water for
pastoral stations in the area was obtained from shallow bores and wells sunk in alluvium,
colluvium and calcrete. He also identified that water quality was best in higher catchment
areas and deteriorated down catchment.
Smaller scale hydrogeological appraisals for stock supplies were undertaken by the
hydrogeology section of the GSWA for pastoralists on the Wanna pastoral lease area
(Davidson, 1973; Thorpe, 1990). Davidson (1973) selected sites for drilling around
Suspense Bore located about 33 km east of Yangibana tenement area. The appraisal
indicated limited potential in shallow superficial strata but greater potential in underlying
basement rocks where structure was favourable for formation of fractures.
Thorpe (1990) undertook a desk top study and reconnaissance site visit to appraise sites for
groundwater drilling following failure of a number of stock bores and wells on the same lease.
The program provided limited background details on a number of the existing bores and
wells and focussed on calcrete as the primary target. It is not known if new groundwater
bores were drilled and constructed at the selected sites. It was identified that calcrete may
extend over large areas beneath alluvial deposits, and that large calcrete deposits up to 30 m
in thickness occur within the Edmund and Lyons River valleys. Thorpe (1990) concluded
that calcrete deposits in the area could be up to 50 m thick.
Whittock (2016) noted hydrogeological studies have been undertaken that indicated aquifer
transmissivity of 43 m2/day and 173 m2/day for Yangibana North and Bald Hill South
prospects respectively, but no formal reporting to provide perspective to these values was
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provided for this report. It was also reported that water quality samples obtained showed
groundwater to be within acceptable National Environmental Protection Measures (NEPM)
for inorganic analytes, and for most organic analytes.
3.3 GROUNDWATER DATA
Available groundwater data are limited and mostly from bores and wells established for stock
supplies, as obtainable from the WIN system of the DoW (Figure 2). Stock bores and wells
do not require licensing and as such there was little imperative for data to be recorded at the
time of drilling or for data to be forwarded to government. Apart from occasional data
captured by early government workers or perhaps provided by pastoral lease holders, most
of the data contained on the WIN system for the area were probably captured when the
bores and wells were visited during regional mapping of the Edmund sheet by the GSWA
(Daniels, 1967). Many of the available records show dates of 1965 but go back to as early
as 1927. Some are from the 1970’s and 1990’s and many have no known date of capture.
Limited data are available from Hastings sources either as set out in a report on stygofauna
and troglofauna (Ecoscape, 2016a) or as informal spread sheets made available for this
report. Whittock (2016) provides some description on porosity and data on groundwater
levels associated with structure and weathering at the various Yangibana prospects.
Limited test pumping data were provided in spread sheets for a PVC cased bore named
YGBWB1 (L. Jefferson, pers. comm., September 2016). A drill hole YGBWB1 is not listed in
the Hastings drill hole database provided and it may be that the bore is YGWB001, which is
listed in the database as a water bore. The test was conducted at a flow rate of 22 m3/day
for about 15 minutes during which drawdown of 0.7 m was recorded. Hydraulic conductivity
of 7.6 m/day and transmissivity of 38 m2/day were included in the spread sheet results.
4 WATER LICENSING
The DoW Water Register shows the Yangibana tenement area located within the Gascoyne
Groundwater area, Bangemall/Capricorn Groundwater subarea for the purposes of
groundwater licensing, which will be required for dewatering and groundwater supplies for
the Project. The register shows the Yangibana tenement area overlying groundwater
resources of the Fractured Rock West aquifer (Alluvium, Calcrete, Palaeochannel and
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Fractured Rock aquifers), with water currently available from each. Existing licenced
drawpoints are shown on Figure 1.
The DoW register lists Hastings current groundwater licence 183285 associated with mining
lease M09/157 with an annual allocation of 500 kL from the Fractured Rock West - Fractured
Rock aquifer. The next closest licenced drawpoint is about 20 km southeast of Fraser’s
deposit. It is included on groundwater licence 46673 with a postal address of Cobra Station
for an annual allocation of 10,000 kL. The register shows the underlying resource as the
Combined - Fractured Rock West - Alluvium aquifer but lists the licence as drawing from the
Carnarvon - Superficial aquifer. No other groundwater licences were identified close to the
Yangibana tenement area.
Surface water licence 174568 to the Shire of Upper Gascoyne for 6000 kL/annum from the
Gascoyne River and Tributaries resource is linked to an area that extends over much of
Yangibana tenement area and further west. Although the annual allocation is small, the
potential for the broad licence area to impact the Yangibana planned development should be
investigated.
5 SETTING
5.1 CLIMATE
The climate of the area is set out by Ecoscape (2016a). In summary, the area is arid to
semi-arid with cool daytime temperatures in the winter months and warm to hot daytime
temperatures in the summer months. A number of climatic influences impact the area
causing bi-modal average rainfall with an average annual total of about 220 mm.
During the warmer season, generally from December to April, rainfall results from occasional
thunderstorm activity associated with development of west coast troughs, movement of
tropical cloud banks southeast from the Indian Ocean over the area and from the passage of
tropical cyclones. This warmer season rainfall is mostly intense; generally isolated in
thunderstorms and more widespread from tropical cloud banks and cyclones. Cooler season
rainfall, generally from May to August results from the passage of winter cold fronts from the
southwest. These may bring less intense, more widespread rain for extended periods of up
to a week. The months from September to November are normally the driest months.
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5.2 GEOMORPHOLOGY
The geomorphology of the study area is described in broad terms by Daniels (1969) in his
description of the Edmund 1:250,000 scale sheet area. The bulk of the tenement area is
underlain by granitic rocks (Figure 3) characterised by subdued topography with some broad
open flats and occasional rounded granitic hills with elevations to about 350 m AHD
(Australian Height Datum). Older metamorphic rocks that have been intruded by the granitic
rocks can have slightly higher elevations of up to 400 m AHD.
The far northeast of the Yangibana tenement area comprises rocks of the Bangemall Group
which cross the area from the northwest to southeast. This area is relatively high at up to
about 500 m AHD and relatively strongly dissected with some long, northwesterly trending
strike ridges, steep sided valleys and gorges.
The drainages in the area of the granitic rocks form a dendritic pattern and are located within
generally broader more gently sloping areas of alluvial deposition (Figure 4). The drainages
in the area of the Bangemall Group rocks are transitional between a dendritic and trellis
pattern and generally occupy narrower drainage lines with steeper sides, particularly where
they cross cut strike ridges. The largest drainages are the Lyons and Edmund Rivers
crossing the southern and western margins of the study area, respectively (Figure 1).
Yangibana and Fraser’s Creeks, tributaries of the Lyons River rise in the area of granitic
rocks and drain the tenement area. Pimbyana Creek, also a tributary of the Lyons River
drains the eastern parts of Yangibana tenement area and then rises in the area of Bangemall
Group rocks in the northeast. Rockhole Creek and Dingo Creek drain the northwest part of
the Yangibana tenement area and extend across the north of the area to rise in the area of
Bangemall Group rocks in the northeast.
5.3 VEGETATION
Vegetation of the broader area is set out by Martin et al. (2005) drawing on the published
regional vegetation mapping from 1975, 1981 and 1990. The area occurs south of a major
biogeographical boundary, the Acacia-Triodia line and as such is characterised by woody-
Acacia dominated vegetation occurring as scrub on the hills and low woodland on the plains.
Tall trees, comprising mainly species of Eucalyptus and Melaleuca, are confined to rivers
and major creeks. More detailed delineation of land systems and associated vegetation
within the Yangibana tenements, drawn from Department of Agriculture and Food, WA
(DAFWA) is provided by Ecoscape (2016b).
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5.4 GROUNDWATER DEPENDANT ECOSYSTEMS
Baseline detailed biological surveys comprehensively defining groundwater dependant
ecosystems (GDE) are defined in a flora and vegetation survey report (Ecoscape, 2016b)
across a biological assessment study area within the Yangibana tenement area. Regionally,
surface GDE associated with phreatophytic vegetation can establish at sites of shallow
groundwater and at points of groundwater discharge (springs, soaks, groundwater supported
river pools etc.). Subsurface GDE occur below the watertable where water quality and
porosity is sufficient to support stygofauna. Troglofauna occur as GDE in geological layers
that provide air filled pockets and cavities where the presence of permanent groundwater
ensures that humidity levels are high enough to ensure their survival (Ecoscape, 2016a).
Surface GDE
Springs and soaks are not known to occur within the study area on the basis of available
data but the Geoscience Australia topographic data set shows a number of perennial pools
along the Lyons River, southwest of the proposed development, Rockhole Creek, northwest
of the proposed development and Pimbyana Creek, southeast of the proposed development
(Figure 1). Pools along Pimbyana Creek occur approximately 4 km southeast of the Fraser’s
deposit. Pools along Dingo Creek and Rock Hole Creek occur within about 3 and 7 km,
respectively of Yangibana North deposit and pools along the Lyons River are a minimum of
about 5 km from the Tongue prospect.
Data are not adequate to allow depth to groundwater to be accurately contoured in order to
delineate areas with shallow groundwater and therefore broader areas in which
phreatophytic vegetation would more likely occur. However, available waterlevel data
(Figure 5) suggests that groundwater levels are shallowest adjacent to/along drainage lines
and it would be these areas in which significant surface GDE are most likely to occur.
A vegetation type dominated by Eucalyptus camaldulensis was identified as a GDE by
Ecoscape (2016b). It largely corresponds with the Lyons and Edmund Rivers and major
tributaries of these, which are typically areas that contain large permanent pools. This
vegetation type occupies 447.6 ha (0.84%) of the biological assessment study area, but was
not mapped within the proposed development footprint.
Additional vegetation types characterised by Eucalyptus victrix that may represent GDE were
also identified by Ecoscape (2016b). In the biological assessment study area, these
correspond with drainage lines and outwash from these lines and with a large clay swamp
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near the southern boundary. These vegetation types occupy 4283.3 ha (8%) of the
biological assessment study area of which 60.9 ha was mapped within the proposed
development footprint.
Stygofauna
Stygofauna sampling undertaken on behalf of Hastings was conducted by Ecoscape
(2016a). The sampling was undertaken over two phases at a total of 23 sites in exploratory
drill holes and at Andy’s Bore. All sites were located within the Yangibana tenement area
(Figure 2). Ten (10) species were recorded from eight of the sample sites and of these,
three taxa were considered likely to be of conservation concern (Ecoscape, 2016a).
Ecoscape concluded that the diversity of stygofauna is unlikely to be impacted by the
Yangibana Project due to the extent of the mining pits and associated drawdown but data on
predicted drawdown were not provided. Nonetheless, Hastings are currently conducting
further sampling at greater distance from the proposed development to establish with more
certainty the occurrence and nature of the stygofauna over a broader area.
It is assumed that stygofauna will be most abundant where porosity is highest below the
watertable. Within the study area this will likely be where secondary porosity has developed
through fracturing of basement rocks and through the development of solution channels and
cavities within both ironstone veins and calcrete. The mapped extent of the ironstone and
calcrete units is given in Figures 4 and 6, respectively.
Troglofauna
Troglofauna sampling for Hastings was carried out by Ecoscape (2016a). The sampling was
undertaken in two phases at a total of 34 drill holes by trapping and at 32 drill holes by
troglofauna scraping. All sites were located within the Yangibana tenement area. Eleven
(11) troglofauna specimens representing at least five species were recorded from five of the
sample sites. Of these, four species were considered likely to be of conservation concern
with the fifth having an unknown status due to the poor condition of the specimen (Ecoscape,
2016a).
Ecoscape (2016a) concluded that impacts of the Yangibana Project on troglofauna would be
mostly direct as their habitat is typically only removed through mine pit excavation. Indirect
impacts including vibration from blasting and stockpiles could also occur and although likely
to reduce population density, they are not likely to impact troglofauna species as a whole.
It is assumed that troglofauna will be most abundant where porosity is just above the
watertable. Within the study area this will likely be where secondary porosity has developed
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through the development of solution channels and cavities within both ironstone veins and
calcrete. However, Ecoscape (2016a) found that troglofauna were found in several different
rock types, not restricted to ironstone and did not find any associated with calcrete. Further
sampling currently being undertaken at greater distance from the proposed development will
help to establish with more certainty the occurrence and nature of the troglofauna over a
broader area.
6 GEOLOGY
The area is located within the Gascoyne Province of the Capricorn Orogen, between the
Archaean Yilgarn Craton to the south, the Archaean Pilbara Craton to the north and
Phanerozoic Carnarvon Basin sediments to the west. The following is taken mostly from the
work of Martin et al. (2005), Pirajno and González-Álvarez (2013) and the reporting of
Whittock (2016). The geology of the area is shown in Figures 3 and 4.
6.1 BASEMENT ROCKS
The study area is underlain mostly by Proterozoic metasedimentary basement rocks of the
Pooranoo Metamorphics, which consist of metamorphosed feldspathic sandstone and
psammitic schist and calc-silicate rocks. These have been intruded by Proterozoic granitic
rocks (specifically the Pimbyana and Yangibana Granites), which underlie the bulk of
Yangibana tenement area. The granitic rocks are fresh to weathered.
A sequence of rocks belonging to the Edmund Group of the Bangemall Supergroup overlie
the Pooranoo Metamorphics and the granites in large parts of the northeast and to a lesser
extent the region southwest to southeast of the Yangibana tenement area. These rocks
consist of variable lithologies including dolostone, dolomitic siltstone, massive and laminated
chert, mudstone, sandstone and conglomerate. Later dolerite and gabbro sills were
subsequently emplaced in the Edmund Group succession to the northeast of Yangibana
tenement area.
The earlier basement rocks have been intruded by later dolerite sills and dykes as well as
veins of ferrocarbonatite, ironstone and quartz of the Gifford Creek Ferrocarbonatite
Complex (GFC) as described by Pirajno and González-Álvarez (2013). The ironstone veins
have shallow (c. 10°) to steep (c. 65°) dips, consist of magnetite, hematite, and supergene
goethite and are locally weakly radioactive. Lenses and pods up to 10 m wide of massive to
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vuggy iron oxide are contained within the veins. These are considered to have resulted from
later alteration of intruded ferrocarbonatites by hydrothermal iron oxides followed by
supergene alteration closer to the surface to produce massive goethite and gossanous
outcrop (Pirajno and González-Álvarez, 2013). They host the rare earth element (REE)
mineralisation of the proposed Project, and occur as sinuous pods and veins that are
traceable for up to 25 km (Whittock, 2016).
Basement Rock Structure
The basement rocks were subject to several phases of deformation causing shearing,
faulting and folding. Regional structural deformation of the area is extensive and is set out
by Johnson (2013). The Lyons Fault is the main structural feature throughout the area and
intrusion of the GFC veins is thought to be associated with this zone. Many other interpreted
faults are noted from the 1:100,000 scale geological mapping by GSWA (Figure 3) and at a
local scale within the Yangibana tenement area by Whittock (2016).
6.2 SUPERFICIAL STRATA
Cenozoic superficial strata covers much of the basement rocks in the study area. Martin et
al. (2005) subdivided the superficial strata into an extensive set of superficial units linked to
the physiographic division in which they occurred and their provenance. For the purposes of
this report, the set within the study area has been simplified into: calcrete, colluvium and
other transported and older residual units (excluding calcrete and saprolite), eluvium
(saprolite), more recent alluvium and lake deposits.
Calcrete
Dissected calcrete units occur scattered along the major drainage lines. The calcrete units
are characterised by a hard surface layer of brecciated and partly silicified calcrete underlain
by softer more friable material. These units consist mostly of vuggy calcrete with irregular,
lenticular, bedding parallel cavities. Veins and cavities can be filled by quartz cement,
especially in upper parts of the calcrete profile. The calcrete can be 30 m thick and possibly
up to 50 m thick (Thorpe, 1990), and is commonly partly eroded and degraded.
Colluvium and Other Transported and Residual Units
Colluvial units consist of locally derived quartz and rock fragments in a clay, silt and sand
matrix and form restricted aprons around rock outcrops. Colluvial material derived from
dolerite is often ferruginous and rich in swelling clay minerals and rock fragments. Colluvium
from Pooranoo Metamorphics can also be clayey. Siliciclastic material with calcrete cutans
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and carbonate cement is derived from calcrete, and quartz-rich material associated with
quartz veins also occurs.
Partially and fully cemented and ferruginsed older alluvial units occur along flood plains
adjacent to the more recent alluvium in the upper reaches of drainages where they can form
partially dissected terraces above active channels. They can also occur as ferruginous,
cemented sheet-like deposits of older alluvium that blanket older rocks. They are
incorporated with the colluvial units in Figure 4.
Sheetwash deposits are best developed on gentle distal slopes adjacent to major drainages.
Quartzofeldspathic sand and silt wash is derived from granitic rocks. The upper surface of
some sheetwash units may be marked by a deflation lag of vein quartz and rock fragments.
Sheetwash deposits are less developed in areas of steeper slopes associated with the main
strike ridges.
Ferruginous duricrust ranges from thin cappings of bedded or vuggy ironstone with
disseminated quartz veins, to pisolitic laterite deposits up to 10 m thick. It is best developed
over Edmund Group rocks and dolerite sills in the northeast with small, scattered
occurrences developed over the metasedimentary rocks of the Pooranoo Metamorphics,
granitic rocks and over siliciclastic and carbonate rocks of the Edmund Group where they
occur as outliers over the granitic rocks.
Dolomitic units within the Edmund Group are characterised by extensive development of
silcrete and brecciated siliceous caprock and silicified sandstone and conglomerate.
Scattered occurrences of ferruginous silcrete also occur.
Recent Alluvium
Extensive alluvial units composed of silt, sand, and gravel are present along the main
drainage lines. They can be clay-rich where derived from dolerite outcrops. The thickness is
as yet not documented in the area.
Eluvium
Outcrops of the granitic rocks can be covered in places with a veneer of locally derived,
weathered quartzofeldspathic rock in a sand and sandy clay matrix. At Fraser’s deposit
Whittock (2016) noted deeper intensely weathered saprolitic granite and clays in flatter,
outcrop-deficient areas but only shallow weathering profiles in areas of outcropping granite
and ironstone. At the Bald Hill deposit, significant depths of intense weathering were
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observed in the hanging wall mineralisation. Intense weathering of granite to dominantly clay
and remnant quartz was observed to depths up to 50 m.
Lake Deposits
Fine-grained, unconsolidated lacustrine deposits occur in isolated claypans, perennial lakes,
and swamps; and low-lying areas with internal drainage. They are most abundant in the
southwest part of the province and along the line of the Edmund River and are usually thickly
vegetated. They commonly overlie older alluvium or sheetwash.
7 CONCEPTUAL HYDROGEOLOGY
Due to a paucity of groundwater data the hydrogeology of the study area is poorly defined,
although general characterisation is possible using the limited data and information available
from government records of stock bores and wells, geology, minerals exploration and the
very limited groundwater specific data and information.
The study area is not characterised by regional aquifers, rather aquifers are likely to be
present in superficial strata, where sufficiently thick and saturated and in basement rocks,
where fractured or weathered but in general, these will be isolated and effectively
disconnected from each other over much of the study area. Some degree of hydraulic
connection will occur locally depending on geological structure, weathering, landscape
position and aquifer geometry. Figure 7 schematically sets out the general conceptual
hydrogeology.
7.1 AQUIFERS
Most superficial units within the study area will be low permeability and/or unsaturated. In
general, only alluvium and/or calcrete in proximity to recharge along the main drainages are
aquifers with potential to supply useable, sustainable quantities of groundwater. Both units
would essentially act as one aquifer of variable extent, occasionally layered, and with highly
variable permeability; highest where solution channels and cavities are present in calcrete
and lowest where the strata is clayey.
Basement rocks in the study area will, in the main be very low permeability and could be
regarded as effectively impermeable throughout much of the area, although some zones of
very high permeability will occur. Permeability in basement rocks will be very high in the
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vicinity of bedding plane partings and fractures from faulting, folding, intrusives and where
solution cavities and channels (vugs) have developed in ironstone veins. Large cavities were
identified as a significant feature of the mineralised zone at depth at the Fraser’s deposit
(Whittock, 2016). Permeability may also be relatively high where quartzose saprolite has
developed at the base of the weathered sections of granitic rocks above fresh granitic
basement. However, these zones of high permeability will likely account for only a
comparatively small part of the area.
Groundwater in superficial aquifers is likely to be generally unconfined but confined
groundwater will be present locally where the aquifer is overlain by low permeability units
such as clayey sections of calcrete or alluvium.
Groundwater in fractured rock aquifers is often unconfined but a degree of confinement can
occur where clayey weathered basement rock overlies either more sandy weathered strata
above the fresh basement rocks or fractures within the basement rocks. This can often be
the case in granitic basement rocks. Weathering in granites is noted as occurring in the
Yangibana tenement area but does not appear ubiquitous. Correspondingly, it is concluded
that that across the study area the aquifers will be mostly unconfined with confined
conditions occurring locally. A broader set of information across the Yangibana tenements
will assist this characterisation.
7.2 GROUNDWATER LEVELS
Available waterlevels from the study area are given in Figure 5. These are non-synoptic
having been obtained over an extended period of years and it is very difficult to make a
reliable assessment. However, while variations do occur there is a trend of shallowest
waterlevels (generally 10 m depth or less) closest to the drainage lines with waterlevel
depths increasing with distance from the drainage lines and up catchment where levels are
often 15 to 23 m depth.
In the terrain of granitic rocks intruded by veins and dykes within the Yangibana tenement
area, a watertable should be evident in all drill holes that penetrate to sufficient depths,
irrespective of drill hole location, although the time for recovery of the watertable in holes
drilled into low permeability strata will be extensive.
Ecoscape (2016a) recorded waterlevels in open and often angled drill holes of between
about 6 and 35 m depth during stygofauna sampling within the Yangibana mining leases.
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Little seasonal variation in waterlevels was also observed during the sampling programs,
although with the nature of rainfall and recharge events, it is possible there may well be
significant natural variation in groundwater levels from season to season depending on those
factors.
Whittock (2016) observed waterlevels between 10 and 30 m depth at Yangibana West and a
correlation between zones of more intense weathering and a relatively shallow watertable.
This was also observed at Bald Hill South, with the suggestion this was related to the
increased porosity and permeability associated with weathering. This may be a function of
higher rates of recharge locally through these more permeable zones.
Whittock (2016) observed the watertable at Bald Hill to be strongly structurally controlled and
associated with a highly porous ironstone unit. The watertable was deeper in topographically
higher areas and also down dip of mineralisation in the southern portion of Bald Hill South,
where the ironstone unit dips more steeply. The watertable at Fraser’s deposit was found to
be between 30 to 40 m depth and also subject to structural control.
7.3 RECHARGE, FLOW AND DISCHARGE
The nature of rainfall in the region produces periods of high runoff to creeks and rivers. This
in turn produces sporadic recharge to permeable units; for example permeable alluvium and
calcrete along the drainages or where fractured basement rocks contact surface drainage
lines, in areas where the runoff is concentrated (Thorpe, 1990). Groundwater recharge by
direct infiltration of rainfall over the superficial units or fractured outcropping rocks will likely
be minor.
Estimates of groundwater recharge are not available for the study area but Skidmore (1996)
provided estimates of recharge to broad aquifer types throughout the Pilbara region including
for rocks on the Edmund 1:250,000 map sheet within the Ashburton River catchment, north
of the Yangibana tenement area. Correspondingly, aspects of that assessment are likely
relevant to this work as first pass estimates.
The significant geological units within the Yangibana tenement area could be broadly
regarded as granitic basement rocks (inclusive of Pooranoo Metamorphics), and
alluvium/calcrete around the margins of those basement rocks. Recharge from infiltration of
rainfall to granitic basement rocks in the Ashburton River catchment was estimated at 2% of
annual rainfall over outcrop (Skidmore, 1996). Assuming annual rainfall of 220 mm, then
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recharge of about 1 GL/annum (equivalent to approximately 2800 m3/day) is estimated for
approximately 230 km2 of outcropping granitic rocks in the Yangibana tenement area.
As alluvium/calcrete aquifers along the surface drainages are recharged principally by
infiltration of accumulated runoff, recharge estimates were made on the basis of volumes per
kilometre of drainage line in contact with the unit (Skidmore, 1996). A recharge value of
90,000 m3/km/year was applied to a similar aquifer unit in the Ashburton catchment. Using
that value over the approximately 70 km of surface drainage associated with significant
sections of calcrete/alluvium within the Yangibana tenement area, recharge to the unit would
total about 6 GL/annum. This indicates recharge to the alluvium/calcrete by accumulated
runoff is the dominant mechanism across the study area.
Groundwater will flow from recharge areas, down hydraulic gradients, most likely in the
direction of surface water flow. Regional flow systems are not likely to be generated, rather
local flow systems will have established in response to aquifer distribution and geometry,
which is highly variable. Correspondingly, while the available data are as yet inadequate to
enable delineation of the watertable over a large area from which to map groundwater flow, it
is likely that the irregular geological structure and distribution of permeability would cause
both preferential groundwater flow paths and barriers to flow such that the watertable
configuration would be difficult to accurately construct and would appear irregular.
Groundwater discharge will occur via:
• groundwater flow down hydraulic gradient and out of the area,
• evaporation,
• transpiration from phreatophytes,
• groundwater pumping for water supplies, and
• discharge at springs, soaks and river pools depending on local geological structure,
topography, aquifer geometry and waterlevels.
7.4 STORAGE
Estimates of aquifer storage are not available for the area. However, storage coefficients
assumed for rocks on the Edmund 1:250,000 map sheet area within the Ashburton River
catchment (Skidmore, 1996) have been applied to the current Project for derivation of first
pass estimates.
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In terms of volume, the significant geological units in the vicinity of the Yangibana prospects
are granitic basement rocks (inclusive of Pooranoo Metamorphics) and alluvium/calcrete
around the margins of those basement rocks. Granitic rocks were assigned a storage
coefficient of 0.05 and groundwater storage of 0.38 GL/km2 was estimated for the rocks in
the Ashburton catchment (Skidmore, 1996). Applying these values to the Yangibana
tenement area of approximately 645 km2 suggests storage in the basement rocks of about
245 GL. This would likely be the upper value and it is thought unlikely that this storage would
be accessible in a practicable way due to generally very low bore yields, apart from discrete
zones of higher permeability and limited connectivity between these zones.
The alluvium/calcrete aquifers along the surface drainages in the Ashburton River catchment
were assigned a storage coefficient of 0.1 and average groundwater storage of 3 GL/km2
(Skidmore, 1996). Applying these values to the area of calcrete (85 km2 outcrop and
subcrop) within the Yangibana tenement area suggests storage in calcrete of about 255 GL.
This may also be the upper value as some of the calcrete occurs in the upper catchment
areas, which may impact saturated thickness. Nonetheless, the estimates indicate the likely
proportional dominance (in terms of surface area) of storage in the superficial strata as
compared to that in the basement rocks.
7.5 GROUNDWATER SALINITY
Lowest salinity groundwater will occur closest to areas of higher volumes of recharge. This
is likely to occur mostly through infiltration of accumulated runoff along drainage lines.
Groundwater salinity will increase with time after recharge events and with distance from
recharge areas.
Available WIN data are non-synoptic having been obtained over an extended period of many
years and quite likely of limited reliability. Many of the earlier readings would likely have
been obtained using early model electrical conductivity bridges known to have limited
accuracy. Nonetheless, the available data indicate wide variability in groundwater salinity
across the broader area ranging from 130 mg/L TDS in Alma Well along the Alma River,
west of the Yangibana tenement area to 12,590 mg/L TDS in Newell Well south of the Lyons
River about 35 km southwest of the tenement area (Figure 8). The median salinity value
from available data is 1390 mg/L. Groundwater salinity within the Yangibana tenement area
ranges from 1350 to 4000 mg/L, which is relatively high and if representative, reflects limited
aquifer recharge.
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7.6 BORE CAPACITIES
Bore capacities from the study area are effectively unknown but it is likely that high bore
yields in basement rocks will be encountered in discrete, narrow zones of very high
permeability. These are associated with fractures around bedding plane partings, faulting,
folding, intrusives, where solution cavities and channels have developed in ironstone veins
and where quartzose saprolite is developed over fresh granitic rocks. It is likely that initial
high discharge rates encountered by drilling will diminish relatively quickly with longer term
pumping as permeability (and correspondingly storage) outside the discrete high permeability
zones will be very low.
High bore yields will also likely be encountered in thick sections of alluvium/calcrete where
solution channels and cavities are encountered in the vicinity of drainage lines. Initially high
yields in these aquifers are likely to be sustainable for longer periods (depending on actual
aquifer extent and geometry) due to the much larger storage associated with these
superficial aquifers compared to the basement rock aquifers. However, the unit is also closer
to GDE associated with the surface drainage lines and shallower groundwater and potentially
to stygofauna and troglofauna with implications for management of abstraction should
successful water bores be located within it.
Discharge rates within the WIN data are listed for eleven (11) bores and wells over the study
area. These range from 2 to 109 m3/day and average 37 m3/day. However, these values
were not likely derived from analysis of controlled test pumping and most likely reflect pump
capacity rather than bore capacity. This probably skews the values lower as many of the
bores would be equipped with windmills or small capacity solar pumps.
Within the Yangibana Project area, several dedicated water bores are listed in the drill hole
database (BHWB001A, FRWB001, YGWB001 and YGWB002). There is effectively no
capacity data that can confidently be attributed to these bores but limited database
annotations and anecdotal advice from Hastings is that the bores are of either low or
unknown capacity. Other database notes suggest that at least two mineral exploration drill
holes associated with large water intersections in ironstone veins have potential for higher
capacity (BRC082 and FRCC009). The ironstone veins at Bald Hill deposit were observed to
be commonly vuggy and friable and the mineralised zone at depth at Fraser’s deposit was
described as extremely vuggy, with drilling identifying large cavities associated with large
volumes of water (Whittock, 2016). High bore yields could be expected where such vuggy
zones are intersected below the watertable.
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Data are available for a brief period of test pumping at low yields carried out on a PVC cased
bore named YGBWB1 (L. Jefferson, pers. comm., September 2016). Drill hole YGBWB1 is
not listed in the drill hole database provided and it may be that the bore is YGWB001, which
is listed in the database as a water bore. The test was conducted at a flow rate of 22 m3/day
for about 15 minutes during which 0.7 m drawdown occurred. The analyses was not set out
in a formal report but working sheets provided predicted that 24-hour drawdown at a
discharge rate of about 1000 m3/day might be 22 m. The prediction is based on a two order
of magnitude increase of the test discharge rate and from only 15 minutes of pumping so
cannot be regarded with anything other than caution but nonetheless, the predicted 24-hour
drawdown is significant.
Additional information on ATC Williams Figure YB1 (L. Jefferson, pers. comm., September
2016) shows the location of mineral exploration holes at Yangibana deposit where ‘water
strikes’ were recorded. The figure shows about 7 of 135 drill holes have ‘water strikes’ but
the nature or details of the ‘water strike’ are not provided and the implications of that in terms
of bore capacities are not clear. Of note is hole YWRC003, listed on Figure YB1 as
encountering a ‘water strike’, there is no such information in the drill hole database provided
indicating that another source of information on ‘water-strikes’ exists within the Hastings data
sets. This may be drillers day sheets, geologists notes etc. This type of information has
potential to focus groundwater exploration efforts around and within the proposed pits saving
significant funds. This information should be systematically evaluated to assist targeting of
exploratory groundwater drilling for test production bores prior to expending resources on
groundwater exploration drilling for dewatering or water supply.
8 IMPLICATIONS FOR THE YANGIBANA RARE EARTHS PROJECT
The Yangibana Project incorporates mining below the watertable in several open cut pits
requiring dewatering and provision of water supplies for processing, dust suppression,
potable supplies and other site activities. Groundwater abstraction will cause drawdown that
will impact areas surrounding pumping bores (for example stygofauna and troglofauna) but
the extent and nature of the drawdown impact is not yet clear as very little groundwater work
has been undertaken to date. Confidence on the conceptual hydrogeology is also limited by
the lack of available data. Nonetheless, the conceptualisation has been made and the
following are points that emerge for consideration;
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• The ironstone veins hosting the ore body(s) are aquifers of local significance with high
permeability where solution channels and cavities are developed within the ironstone.
However, outside of these discrete zones, the ironstone is more massive and
permeability will be generally very low.
• Large areas of calcrete occur along the surface drainage lines and with alluvium form
a significant local aquifer. The calcrete may be as much as 30 to 50 m thick.
Solution channels and cavities occur in the calcrete.
• Stygofauna and troglofauna have been recovered from Yangibana Project area
exploratory drill holes that have intersected granite and ironstone and from Andy’s
Bore located in an area of calcrete between Kane’s Gossan prospect and Bald Hill
deposit. The chances are high that both stygofauna and troglofauna will occur in
other sections of vuggy calcrete and ironstone and possibly in fractured basement
rocks throughout the study area.
• The granite at the margins of the ironstone veins will be of very low relative
permeability apart from discrete zones of secondary porosity developed due to
fracturing from faults or intrusives or from weathering to form permeable saprolite,
which may be relatively thick in places.
• Dewatering will likely be achievable through relatively simple design with interception
bores at the ends of the pits intersecting inflows along ironstone veins. Depending on
lead times, mine scheduling, actual aquifer parameters and structures/weathering in
the ironstone veins and the adjoining granitic rocks, in-pit bores and/or sumps and
other bordering bores could be utilised. Further work is required to assess this.
• Elliptical cones of depression are expected to develop during dewatering, and to
extend rapidly over significant distance along the veins and relatively short distance in
the bordering lower permeability granitic rocks. As such, while pumping from one
section of ironstone may cause significant drawdown along strike, drawdown impacts
across strike may not extend far, which has implications for the occurrence and
continuance of stygofauna and troglofauna in unmined areas across strike. Further
work is required to assess this.
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• Yields of water bores drilled into ironstone will likely be low based on the available
data with occasional high to very high initial bore yields where solution channels and
cavities are intersected. However, the lack of groundwater drilling data and
groundwater observations from mineral exploration drilling hampers the
understanding and it is possible that the ironstone could be more prospective for
higher initial bore yields over larger areas.
• The generally low storage in the ironstone veins and bordering granitic rocks will
cause high bore yields to decline relatively quickly with extended pumping as storage
depletes. Higher bore yields would be prolonged where the cone of depression
intersects sufficient interconnected secondary porosity but the chances of this
occurring often are considered low on the basis of the currently available information.
• At this stage, in generating Project water budgets it’s important not to overestimate
the volumes of water available from dewatering due to the generally low aquifer
storage in the ironstone veins and bordering granitic rocks.
9 CONCLUSIONS
The Hastings proposed Yangibana Project incorporates mining below the watertable of
several ore bodies hosted in narrow, dipping ironstone veins that have been intruded through
granitic country rock and can be traced over tens of kilometres. The ironstone veins and
adjacent granitic rocks form basement rock aquifers. The ironstone veins are massive to
vuggy with correspondingly variable permeability. The granitic country rock is also of
variable permeability; mostly low through the bulk of the rock with discrete zones of high
permeability where fractures occur or where weathering has produced zones of quartzose
sand above the fresh granite. Groundwater storage will be low in these units due to limited
porosity.
Alluvium and calcrete associated with main drainage lines will form shallow aquifers with
overall comparatively higher permeability to that in the ironstone veins or granitic rocks. The
highest permeability will be associated with solution channels and cavities in the calcrete.
Groundwater storage will be higher in these units due to greater overall porosity.
Groundwater recharge to the aquifers from direct infiltration of rainfall will be low due to the
low average rainfall and its sporadic nature. The rainfall is mostly high intensity and
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infiltration of accumulated runoff is correspondingly the greatest source of recharge. This will
be enhanced where aquifer units contact drainage lines and higher volumes of recharge to
the alluvial/calcrete aquifer units can be expected compared to the basement rock aquifers.
Recharge to the basement rock aquifers will occur preferentially where permeable zones
contact surface drainages or overlying shallow alluvial/calcrete aquifers.
Groundwater will move down hydraulic gradient from areas of recharge, nominally in the
direction of surface water flow. A regional groundwater flow system is unlikely to be
established with more local, structurally controlled systems probable. Correspondingly, while
the available data are as yet inadequate to enable delineation of the watertable over a large
area, it is likely that the watertable configuration would appear irregular due to irregular
geological structure and highly variable permeability causing both preferential flow paths and
barriers to flow.
Groundwater salinity is variable and values derived within Yangibana tenement area range
from about 1350 to 4000 mg/L. This is relatively high and if representative, reflects limited
aquifer recharge.
Bore yields are likely to be highly variable. They can be expected to be initially high to very
high where higher permeability zones are intersected and very low elsewhere. As the bulk of
the geology has low permeability, non-systematically targeted groundwater drilling will likely
have low rates of success. Success rates for groundwater drilling will be highest where the
focus is on systematic exploration for zones of higher permeability.
Initial discharge rates of bores in basement rock can be expected to decline relatively quickly
with long-term pumping due to the low groundwater storage in these aquifers. Potentially
higher sustainable average bore yields with less drawdown occur in the alluvial/calcrete
aquifers associated with the surface drainages bordering the granitic rocks.
Dewatering of pits to mine ore bodies will likely be achievable through relatively simple
design with interception bores at the ends of the pits intersecting inflows along ironstone
veins possibly with in-pit bores and/or sumps and other bordering bores.
Elliptical cones of depression are expected to develop during dewatering, and to extend
rapidly over significant distance along the veins and relatively short distance in the bordering
lower permeability granitic rocks. As such, while pumping from one section of ironstone may
cause significant drawdown along strike, drawdown impacts across strike may not extend far.
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However, detailed hydrogeological investigation is required to establish actual dewatering
requirements and predicted impacts. Continued geological work on structural features
associated with the ore bodies, ground-based VLF electromagnetic geophysical surveying
and comprehensive review of data accompanying minerals exploration drilling undertaken to
date will be a major benefit in focussing the field groundwater exploration effort.
Stygofauna and troglofauna species have been recovered from mineral exploration holes
intersecting the ore bodies. Further sampling is being undertaken over a wider area to better
understand the stygofauna and troglofauna communities locally and regionally. Stygofauna
and troglofauna habitat is known to occur within alluvial/calcrete aquifers and ironstone veins
because of the presence of solution channels and cavities. Targets for sampling may
therefore include existing stock bores and wells often in the vicinity of the alluvial/calcrete
aquifers and mineral exploration holes that may have been drilled into ironstone veins across
strike from those currently planned for mining.
10 RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Investigate potential for DoW surface water licence 174568 to impact the Project.
2. Detail the Project water requirements (processing, dust suppression, potable supply
etc.) against which potential dewatering and water supply aspects can be assessed
and a project water budget generated.
3. Undertake a systematic groundwater exploration program to establish site
groundwater conditions and evaluate dewatering and water supply requirements.
a. Complete a detailed evaluation of the full records of the exploratory minerals
drilling undertaken on the prospects to date to enable delineation of zones of
potentially high permeability both in and around each proposed pit.
b. Evaluate the geological structure (faults, quartz veins, dykes etc.) in and
around each pit as interpreted by Hastings geologists.
c. Undertake rapid terrain coverage, ground-based VLF electromagnetic
geophysical surveying across the delineated features to assess dip direction
of targets for exploratory groundwater and drilling rig placement.
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d. Generate a set of nominal exploratory groundwater drilling sites throughout
the project area and obtain DoW 26D licence(s) to allow exploratory
groundwater drilling and testing to be undertaken.
e. Complete test production bores at sites indicating sufficient potential for
relatively high yields of groundwater.
f. Complete monitoring bores at sites that do not indicate sufficient potential for
high yields and around sites of successful test production bores.
g. Undertake test pumping of successful bores, monitoring both the production
bores as well as dedicated monitoring bores to enable delineation of pumping
cones of depression for assessment of impacts.
h. Use data acquired to generate numerical groundwater models to enable
pumping scenarios with predictions of drawdown impacts and for subsequent
applications to the DoW for 5C licence(s) for groundwater allocations.
11 REFERENCES
Daniels, J. L., 1967, Edmund, W.A. (1st edition) Sheet SF 50-14: Western Australia
Geological Survey, 1:250 000 Geological Series.
Daniels, J. L., 1969, Edmund, W.A.: Western Australia Geological Survey, 1:250 000
Geological Series Explanatory Notes, 20p.
Davidson, W. A., 1973, Report on groundwater prospects, Wanna Station – via Carnarvon:
Western Australia Geological Survey, Hydrogeology Report 1142 (unpublished).
Ecoscape, 2016a, Yangibana Project biological assessment: Subterranean fauna: for
Hastings Rare Metals, Ecoscape (Australia) Pty Ltd, Draft Report 10108-3397-15R
(unpublished).
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Ecoscape, 2016b, Yangibana Project biological assessment: Flora and vegetation: for
Hastings Rare Metals Ltd, Ecoscape (Australia) Pty Ltd, Draft Report 10079-3397-
15R (unpublished).
Johnson, S. P., 2013, The birth of supercontinents and the Proterozoic assembly of Western
Australia: Geological Survey of Western Australia, 78p.
Martin, D. McB., Sheppard, S., and Thorne, A. M., 2005, Geology of the Maroonah,
Ullawarra, Capricorn, Mangaroon, Edmund, and Elliott Creek 1:100 000 sheets:
Western Australia Geological Survey, 1:100 000 Geological Series Explanatory
Notes.
Pirajno, F. and González-Álvarez, I., 2013, The ironstone veins of the Gifford Creek
ferrocarbonatite complex, Gascoyne Province: Geological Survey of Western
Australia, Record 2013/12, 19p.
Skidmore, D. J. P., 1996, Groundwater resources of major catchments in the Pilbara Region,
Western Australia: Water and Rivers Commission, WA, Hydrogeology Report 35
(unpublished).
Thorpe, P. M., 1990, Groundwater prospects - Wanna: Western Australia Geological Survey,
Hydrogeology Report 1990/R3 (unpublished).
Whittock, K., 2016, Combined group report C265/2008 for the period 1st December 2014 to
the 30th November 2015, Yangibana Project, Upper Gascoyne Region, Western
Australia: Hastings Technology Metals LTD, Report, C265/2008 (unpublished).
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Bald HillBald HillBald HillBald HillBald HillBald HillBald HillBald HillBald Hill
Kanes GossanKanes GossanKanes GossanKanes GossanKanes GossanKanes GossanKanes GossanKanes GossanKanes Gossan
Lions EarLions EarLions EarLions EarLions EarLions EarLions EarLions EarLions Ear
Yangibana SouthYangibana SouthYangibana SouthYangibana SouthYangibana SouthYangibana SouthYangibana SouthYangibana SouthYangibana South
YangibanaYangibanaYangibanaYangibanaYangibanaYangibanaYangibanaYangibanaYangibana
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Yangibana NorthYangibana NorthYangibana NorthYangibana NorthYangibana NorthYangibana NorthYangibana NorthYangibana NorthYangibana North
Gossan-YangibanaGossan-YangibanaGossan-YangibanaGossan-YangibanaGossan-YangibanaGossan-YangibanaGossan-YangibanaGossan-YangibanaGossan-Yangibana
Drawpoint 64561Drawpoint 64561Drawpoint 64561Drawpoint 64561Drawpoint 64561Drawpoint 64561Drawpoint 64561Drawpoint 64561Drawpoint 64561
MINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEK
Hook SouthHook SouthHook SouthHook SouthHook SouthHook SouthHook SouthHook SouthHook South
Spider HillSpider HillSpider HillSpider HillSpider HillSpider HillSpider HillSpider HillSpider Hill
FrasersFrasersFrasersFrasersFrasersFrasersFrasersFrasersFrasers
Drawpoint 183285Drawpoint 183285Drawpoint 183285Drawpoint 183285Drawpoint 183285Drawpoint 183285Drawpoint 183285Drawpoint 183285Drawpoint 183285
Drawpoint 46673Drawpoint 46673Drawpoint 46673Drawpoint 46673Drawpoint 46673Drawpoint 46673Drawpoint 46673Drawpoint 46673Drawpoint 46673
Western Australia
Project Area
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Frase
r Cre
ek
Frase
r Cre
ek
Frase
r Cre
ek
Frase
r Cre
ek
Frase
r Cre
ek
Frase
r Cre
ek
Frase
r Cre
ek
Frase
r Cre
ek
Frase
r Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
KilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometres
Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000
ScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScale
555555555 000000000 555555555 101010101010101010
MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50
Yangibana Mining Lease
YangibanaTenements!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Surface Drainage
Homestead
Road
Yangibana Prospect/Deposit
DoW - Water Register Drawpoint Global Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig1.WOR
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! River Pool - Perennial
Figure 1. Location
Study AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy Area
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COBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRA
EDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUND
WANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNA
GIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEK
NEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLTWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)
M19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BORE
BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19
Buffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer Bore
Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)
DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17
(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL
No 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 Well
Ronan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan Bore
COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32
E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2
MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)
CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12
Cardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar Well
COMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANY
DRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BORE
W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)
GRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELL
BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10
E9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELL
NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8
E13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELL
RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18
NO 3 BORE E3NO 3 BORE E3NO 3 BORE E3NO 3 BORE E3NO 3 BORE E3NO 3 BORE E3NO 3 BORE E3NO 3 BORE E3NO 3 BORE E3
E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1
NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33M31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELL
FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1
HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11
SEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELL
(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE
M35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELL
(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE
STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)
OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34
M18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELL
STONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELL
WEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELL
SKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELL
TWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELL
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E
7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN
7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN
MINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEK
EDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVER
PELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELL
FRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELL
OSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELL
BILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELL
WELLWELLWELLWELLWELLWELLWELLWELLWELL
M20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BORE
WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)
E22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELL
M 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELL
(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE
E24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BORE
HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE
ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)
A23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELL
(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE
JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)
RANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELL
HART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BORE
FIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELL
STAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELL
DISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELL
BROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELL
STONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELL
BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)
EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)
SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29
FERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BORE
NO 4 BORE E5NO 4 BORE E5NO 4 BORE E5NO 4 BORE E5NO 4 BORE E5NO 4 BORE E5NO 4 BORE E5NO 4 BORE E5NO 4 BORE E5
BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25
BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)
BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)
DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19
GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)
STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)
PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10
(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE
ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)
E15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELL
E16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BORE
E14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BORE
YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2
SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26
BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1
JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2
BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4
NO 2 BORE E12NO 2 BORE E12NO 2 BORE E12NO 2 BORE E12NO 2 BORE E12NO 2 BORE E12NO 2 BORE E12NO 2 BORE E12NO 2 BORE E12
O'CONO'CONO'CONO'CONO'CONO'CONO'CONO'CONO'CON
ION WELLION WELLION WELLION WEION WEION WEION WEION WEION WE
DEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BORE
FRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELL
CLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELL
COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3
W28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELL
DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2
PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4
W15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELL
W22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW24 SUW24 SUW24 SUW24 SUW24 SUW24 SUW24 SUW24 SUW24 SU
MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25
W26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELL
BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1
TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5
SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6
HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8
W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)
W30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELL
COMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANY
JUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELL
Tabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop Well
Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)
Dockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers Bore
Foxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys Bore
Needle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill Bore
Ginnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka Well
No 36 WellNo 36 WellNo 36 WellNo 36 WellNo 36 WellNo 36 WellNo 36 WellNo 36 WellNo 36 Well
Nelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson Bore
Burridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges Well
Elliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot Well
Bond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond Bore
Dog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool Bore
Weedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra Bore
Fletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher Bore
Robs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs Bore
Duck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck Bore
Harry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry Bore
Edmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund Well
- ! Water/ Bore/Well (DoW)
Stygofauna Sample Site(Ecoscape, 2016)
KilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometres
Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000
ScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScale
555555555 000000000 555555555 101010101010101010 151515151515151515
Figure 2. Bore/Well Locations
MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50
Yangibana Mining Lease
Yangibana Tenements !
Surface Drainage
Homestead
Road
Global Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig2.WOR
Study AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy Area
400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E
420000m
E420000m
E420000m
E420000m
E420000m
E420000m
E420000m
E420000m
E420000m
E
440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E
7340000mN7340000mN7340000mN7340000mN7340000mN7340000mN7340000mN7340000mN7340000mN
7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN
Granitic Rocks
Pooranoo Metamorphics
Morrissey Metamorphics
Bagemall Supergroup Rocks - and other basinal Proterozoic rocks
Larger Dolerite Sills and DykesIronstone Vein
Quartz vein
Dolerite Dyke
Fault (mapped or inferrred)
Yangibana Mining Lease
YangibanaTenements
444444444 000000000 444444444 888888888 121212121212121212 161616161616161616
KilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometres
Scale: 1:200,000Scale: 1:200,000Scale: 1:200,000Scale: 1:200,000Scale: 1:200,000Scale: 1:200,000Scale: 1:200,000Scale: 1:200,000Scale: 1:200,000
ScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScale
MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50Global Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig3.WOR
Figure 3. Simple Geology
Yangibana Prospect /Deposit
7340000mN7340000mN7340000mN7340000mN7340000mN7340000mN7340000mN7340000mN7340000mN
7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN
440000
mE
440000
mE
440000
mE
440000
mE
440000
mE
440000
mE
440000
mE
440000
mE
440000
mE
420000
mE
420000
mE
420000
mE
420000
mE
420000
mE
420000
mE
420000
mE
420000
mE
420000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
Calcrete
Calcrete subcrop
Eluvium and other relict superficial deposits
Colluvium, older consolidated dissectedalluvium, scree and wash.
AlluviumIronstone Vein
Quartz vein
Dolerite Dyke
Fault (mapped or inferrred)
Yangibana Mining Lease
YangibanaTenements
444444444 000000000 444444444 888888888 121212121212121212 161616161616161616
KilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometres
Scale: 1:200,000Scale: 1:200,000Scale: 1:200,000Scale: 1:200,000Scale: 1:200,000Scale: 1:200,000Scale: 1:200,000Scale: 1:200,000Scale: 1:200,000
ScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScale
MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50
Global Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig3.WOR
Figure 4. Surface Geology
Yangibana Prospect/Deposit
Granitic Rocks
Pooranoo Metamorphics
Morrissey Metamorphics
Bagemall Supergroup Rocks - and other Proterozoic basinal rocks
Larger Dolerite Sills and Dykes
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-
-
400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E
440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E
7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN
7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN
9.39.39.39.39.39.39.39.39.3
22.2522.2522.2522.2522.2522.2522.2522.2522.2517.0717.0717.0717.0717.0717.0717.0717.0717.07
5.495.495.495.495.495.495.495.495.49
12.1912.1912.1912.1912.1912.1912.1912.1912.19 9.149.149.149.149.149.149.149.149.14
6.16.16.16.16.16.16.16.16.1
16.7616.7616.7616.7616.7616.7616.7616.7616.769.759.759.759.759.759.759.759.759.755.495.495.495.495.495.495.495.495.49
4.274.274.274.274.274.274.274.274.27
20.1220.1220.1220.1220.1220.1220.1220.1220.12
WANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNA
GIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEK
EDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUND
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500300
300300300300300300300300
300300300300300300300300300 350
3503503503503503503503504
00
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
350350350350350350350350350
300300300300300300300300300300300300300300300300300300 300
300300300300300300300300 550550550
550550550550550550300300300300300300300300300
30
030
030
030
030
030
030
030
030
0
500500500500500500500500500300300300
300300300300300300
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500500
500500500500500500500500500500500
500500500500500500300
300300300300300300300300
300300300300300300300300300
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500500500500500500500500500
350350350350350350350350350
500500500500500500500500500 350350350350350350350350350
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500 350350350
350350350350350350
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
300300300300300300300300300 350350350350350350350350350 350350350350350350350350350350
350350350350350350350350
350350350350350350350350350
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
400400400400400400400400400350350350350350350350350350
350350350350350350350350350
400400400400400400400400400
35
035
035
035
035
035
035
035
035
0300300300300300300300300300 500500500500500500500500500 400
400400400400400400400400
400400400400400400400400400
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300300300300300300300300300
500500500500500500500500500 500
500500500500500500500500
500500500500500500500500500
400400400400400400400400400
500500500500500500500500500 300300300300300300300300300500500500
500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500 300300300
300300300300300300
300300300300300300300300300350
350350350350350350350350
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
400400400400400400400400400
300300300300300300300300300
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500500500500500500500500500300300300300300300300300300 350350350
350350350350350350
350350350350350350350350350
500500500500500500500500500300
300300300300300300300300
500500500500500500500500500450450450450450450450450450
350350350350350350350350350
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500 400400400400400400400400400
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350350350350350350350350350
350350350350350350350350350
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
300300300300300300300300300
50
050
050
050
050
050
050
050
050
0
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350350
350350350350350350350350
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
350350350350350350350350350500500500500500500500500500 350
350350350350350350350350
400400400400400400400400400300300300300
300300300300300 300300300300300300300300300300300300300300300300300300
350350350350350350350350350
400
400
400400
400400
400
400
400
450450450450450450450450450
350350350350350350350350350400400400400400400400400400 350350350350
350350350350350
500500500500500500500500500 400400400400400400400400400350
350350350350350350350350
450
450
450
500500500500500500500500500
450450450450450450450450450500
500500500500500500500500
350350350350350350350350350
300300300300300300300300300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
30
030
030
030
030
030
030
030
030
0
400400400400400400400400400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400 400400400400400400400400400
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350350350350350350350350350300
300300300300300300300300 350350350
350350350350350350
400400400400400400400400400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300 400
400400400400400400400400
500500500500500500500500500
500500500500500500500500500
40
040
040
040
040
040
040
040
040
0
400
400
400400
400400
400
400
400
500500500500500500500500500
350
350
350350
350350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
350350350350350350350350350400400400400400400400400400
300
300
300300
300300
300
300
300300
300300300300300300300300
400400400400400400400400400300
300300300300300300300300
400400400400400400400400400 450
450450450450450450450450
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
350350350350350350350350350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
400400400400400400400400400
300300300300300300300300300
300300300300300300300300300
350350350350350350350350350
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
300300300300300300300300300
40
040
040
040
040
040
040
040
040
0
400400400400400400400400400
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
4504
50
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400
500500500500500500500500500
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400400400400400400400400400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450400400400400400400400400400300
300300
400400400400400400400400400 400400400400400400400400400
400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400400400400400
400400400400400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400 400400400400
400400400400400
300300300300300300300300300
4004004004004004004004004003
00
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300 3
50
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
40040040040040040040040040040
040
040
0400
400400
400
400
400
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
40
040
040
040
040
040
040
040
040
0
400400400400400400400400400 400400400400400400400400400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400 450
450450450450450450450450 4
50
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450450450450450450450450450
500500500500500500500500500
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350350350350350350350350350300300300300300300300300300300300300300300300300300300
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4.274.274.274.274.274.274.274.274.27 5.185.185.185.185.185.185.185.185.18
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9.459.459.459.459.459.459.459.459.45
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6.856.856.856.856.856.856.856.856.85777777777
5.95.95.95.95.95.95.95.95.9
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4.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.57
MINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEK
COBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRA
! Homestead
KilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometres
Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000
ScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScale
555555555 000000000 555555555 101010101010101010 151515151515151515- Water/Bore/Well - Waterlevel (m bgl)
Yangibana Mining Lease
YangibanaTenements Surface Elevation Contour (m AHD)
Figure 5. Groundwater Levels
Global Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig5.WOR
Study AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy Area
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
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iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Frase
r Cre
ek
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r Cre
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r Cre
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r Cre
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Frase
r Cre
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r Cre
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Frase
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Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
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Pim
byan
a Cre
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Pim
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a Cre
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byan
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Pim
byan
a Cre
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Pim
byan
a Cre
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Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
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COBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRA
EDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUND
WANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNA
GIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEK
NEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLTWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)
W24 SUSPENSE BOREW24 SUSPENSE BOREW24 SUSPENSE BOREW24 SUSPENSE BOREW24 SUSPENSE BOREW24 SUSPENSE BOREW24 SUSPENSE BOREW24 SUSPENSE BOREW24 SUSPENSE BORE
ION WELLION WELLION WELLION WELLION WELLION WELLION WELLION WELLION WELL
O'CONNOR WELLO'CONNOR WELLO'CONNOR WELLO'CONNOR WELLO'CONNOR WELLO'CONNOR WELLO'CONNOR WELLO'CONNOR WELLO'CONNOR WELL
STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)
(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE
M19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BORE
BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19
Buffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer Bore
Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)
DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17
(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL
No 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 Well
Ronan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan Bore
COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32
E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2
MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)
CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12
Cardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar Well
COMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANY
DRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BORE
W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)
GRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELL
BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10
E9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELL
NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8
E13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELL
RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18
NO 3 BORE E3NO 3 BORE E3NO 3 BORE E3NO 3 BORE E3NO 3 BORE E3NO 3 BORE E3NO 3 BORE E3NO 3 BORE E3NO 3 BORE E3
E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1
NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33M31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELL
FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1
HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11
SEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELL
(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE
M35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELL
OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37
POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34
M18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELL
STONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELL
WEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELL
SKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELL
TWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELL
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
400000
mE
440000
mE
440000
mE
440000
mE
440000
mE
440000
mE
440000
mE
440000
mE
440000
mE
440000
mE
7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN
7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN
MINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEK
EDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVER
PELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELL
FRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELL
OSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELL
BILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELL
WELLWELLWELLWELLWELLWELLWELLWELLWELL
M20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BORE
WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)
E22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELL
M 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELL
(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE
E24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BORE
HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE
ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)
A23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELL
(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE
JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)
RANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELL
HART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BORE
FIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELL
STAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELL
DISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELL
BROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELL
STONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELL
BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)
EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)
SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29
FERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BORE
NO 4 BORE E5NO 4 BORE E5NO 4 BORE E5NO 4 BORE E5NO 4 BORE E5NO 4 BORE E5NO 4 BORE E5NO 4 BORE E5NO 4 BORE E5
BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25
BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)
BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)
DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19
GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)
STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)
PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10
(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE
ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)
E15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELL
E16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BORE
E14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BORE
YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2
SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26
BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1
JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2
BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4
NO 2 BORE E12NO 2 BORE E12NO 2 BORE E12NO 2 BORE E12NO 2 BORE E12NO 2 BORE E12NO 2 BORE E12NO 2 BORE E12NO 2 BORE E12
DEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BORE
FRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELL
CLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELL
COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3
W28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELL
DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2
PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4
W15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELL
W22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BORE
MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25
W26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELL
BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1
TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5
SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6
HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8
W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)
W30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELL
COMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANY
JUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELL
Tabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop Well
Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)
Dockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers Bore
Foxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys Bore
Needle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill Bore
Ginnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka Well
No 36 WellNo 36 WellNo 36 WellNo 36 WellNo 36 WellNo 36 WellNo 36 WellNo 36 WellNo 36 Well
Nelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson Bore
Burridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges Well
Elliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot Well
Bond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond Bore
Dog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool Bore
Weedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra Bore
Fletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher Bore
Robs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs Bore
Duck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck Bore
Harry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry Bore
Edmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund Well
-
!
Water/Bore/Well (DoW)
Stygofauna Sample Site(Ecoscape, 2016)
KilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometres
Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000
ScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScale
555555555 000000000 555555555 101010101010101010 151515151515151515
Figure 6. Calcrete Extent
MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50
Yangibana Mining Lease
YangibanaTenements
!
Surface Drainage
Homestead
Road
Global Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WORGlobal Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WORGlobal Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WORGlobal Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WORGlobal Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WORGlobal Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WORGlobal Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WORGlobal Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WORGlobal Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WOR
Calcrete
Calcrete Subcrop
Study AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy Area
Pooranoo Metamorphics
Pimbyana and Yangibana Granites
Bangemall Supergroup Rocks
Dolerite - Gabbro Sills
Dolerite Dykes
Ironstone Veins
Quartz Veins
Calcrete
Alluvium Weathered - Low permeability eluvium
Weathered - Higher permeability saprolite
Fractures - Solution Channels and Cavities
Faults
Watertable
Mapable
Difficult to immediately establish
Secondary Porosity Freatures
Main Aquifers
Recharge
Hydraulic Characteristics
A series of generally discontinuous aquifers, often disconnected and of mostly limited extent. Psuedo discontinuous watertable.
- Alluvium holds groundwater in primary porosity but has generally limited extent and is thin with little saturated thickness.
- Calcrete holds groundwater in secondary porosity of solution channels and cavities but can be clayey.
Occurs mostly where accumulated runoff coincides with alluvium-calcrete and structure with less direct infiltration of rainfall over outcrop.
Permeability will be extremely high where solution channels and cavities or open fractures are developed and may be high in saprolite but will be very low elsewhere.
- Ironstone veins hold groundwater in secondary porosity of soultion channels and cavities but are of limited extent.
Alluvium and calcrete along the larger drainages, ironstone veins where secondary porosity developed, saprolite where developedabove fresh granites and ocassional fractures in basement rocks.
- Saprolite developed over fresh granitic basement rocks will hold water in secondary porosity but its extent is unknown.
Storage very low overall. Greatest storage will occur in saturated alluvium and calcrete as well as saprolite and lowerpermeability eluvium over saprolite.
Yangibana Project Implications
Mostly low bore yields. May be very high in ironstone veins and calcrete where solution channels and cavities intersected and in fractures.
Mostly low storage causing initially high yields to decline relatively quickly with extended pumping.
Steep cones of depression extending rapidly over significant distance along structure/ironstone veins, extending relatively short distance in lower permeability units.
Relatively simple dewatering design likely.
Main Hydrogeological Characteristics
Conceptual Hydrogeology Yangibana Area - Schematic Section
Broad Units
- Fractures in basement rocks will hold water in secondary posrosity but will be almost impermeable where fresh and unfractured.
Opportunities for occurence of stygofauna highest in secondary porosity of ironstone veins and calcrete.
Figure 7. Conceptual Hydrogeology - Schematic Section
Global Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\Schematic\YangibanaReportFig7.WOR
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-
-
-
--
-
-
-- -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
- -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
--
-- -- -
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
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--
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--
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--
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400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E400000m
E
440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E440000m
E
7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN7320000mN
7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN7360000mN
EDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUNDEDMUND
WANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNAWANNA
GIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEKGIFFORD CREEK
1,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,500
130130130130130130130130130
426426426426426426426426426
3,1003,1003,1003,1003,1003,1003,1003,1003,100
1,1601,1601,1601,1601,1601,1601,1601,1601,160
1,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,400
12,59012,59012,59012,59012,59012,59012,59012,59012,590
MINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEKMINNIE CREEK
COBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRACOBRA
2,3102,3102,3102,3102,3102,3102,3102,3102,310
1,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,050
820820820820820820820820820
4,0404,0404,0404,0404,0404,0404,0404,0404,040
2,6302,6302,6302,6302,6302,6302,6302,6302,630
2,5402,5402,5402,5402,5402,5402,5402,5402,540
1,3801,3801,3801,3801,3801,3801,3801,3801,380
1,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,050
1,6051,6051,6051,6051,6051,6051,6051,6051,605
5,1805,1805,1805,1805,1805,1805,1805,1805,180
650650650650650650650650650
7,5507,5507,5507,5507,5507,5507,5507,5507,550
3,5003,5003,5003,5003,5003,5003,5003,5003,500
1,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,400800800800800800800800800800 1,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,000
1,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,500
1,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,000
300300300300300300300300300
1,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,300
9,4009,4009,4009,4009,4009,4009,4009,4009,400
4,2004,2004,2004,2004,2004,2004,2004,2004,200
820820820820820820820820820
2,4002,4002,4002,4002,4002,4002,4002,4002,400 5,2005,2005,2005,2005,2005,2005,2005,2005,2007,2007,2007,2007,2007,2007,2007,2007,2007,200
2,6002,6002,6002,6002,6002,6002,6002,6002,600
1,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,300
1,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,300
2,5002,5002,5002,5002,5002,5002,5002,5002,500
2,9002,9002,9002,9002,9002,9002,9002,9002,900
1,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,200
1,0601,0601,0601,0601,0601,0601,0601,0601,060
1,2501,2501,2501,2501,2501,2501,2501,2501,2501,8951,8951,8951,8951,8951,8951,8951,8951,8951,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,000
4744744744744744744744744746,4706,4706,4706,4706,4706,4706,4706,4706,470
1,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,300
3,7003,7003,7003,7003,7003,7003,7003,7003,700
950950950950950950950950950
270270270270270270270270270
950950950950950950950950950
2,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,000
1,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,200
4,1004,1004,1004,1004,1004,1004,1004,1004,100
1,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,050 2,2502,2502,2502,2502,2502,2502,2502,2502,250
2,6502,6502,6502,6502,6502,6502,6502,6502,650
1,6001,6001,6001,6001,6001,6001,6001,6001,600
2,4002,4002,4002,4002,4002,4002,4002,4002,400710710710710710710710710710
2,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,000
1,3501,3501,3501,3501,3501,3501,3501,3501,350
4,0004,0004,0004,0004,0004,0004,0004,0004,000
3,9303,9303,9303,9303,9303,9303,9303,9303,930 486486486486486486486486486
900900900900900900900900900
850850850850850850850850850
1,9001,9001,9001,9001,9001,9001,9001,9001,900
1,1901,1901,1901,1901,1901,1901,1901,1901,190
800800800800800800800800800
9509509509509509509509509501,1001,1001,1001,1001,1001,1001,1001,1001,100
790790790790790790790790790
450450450450450450450450450
1,5601,5601,5601,5601,5601,5601,5601,5601,560
1,7101,7101,7101,7101,7101,7101,7101,7101,710
720720720720720720720720720
250250250250250250250250250
1,1201,1201,1201,1201,1201,1201,1201,1201,120
4,9004,9004,9004,9004,9004,9004,9004,9004,900
1,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,300
2,9002,9002,9002,9002,9002,9002,9002,9002,900
850850850850850850850850850
1,0401,0401,0401,0401,0401,0401,0401,0401,040
1,0401,0401,0401,0401,0401,0401,0401,0401,040
1,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,400
1,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,050975975975975975975975975975
2,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,000
8508508508508508508508508502,8002,8002,8002,8002,8002,8002,8002,8002,800
2,4502,4502,4502,4502,4502,4502,4502,4502,450
2,1002,1002,1002,1002,1002,1002,1002,1002,100
2,4502,4502,4502,4502,4502,4502,4502,4502,450 1,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,050
1,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,500
! Homestead
KilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometresKilometres
Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000Scale: 1:300,000
ScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScaleScale
555555555 000000000 555555555 101010101010101010 151515151515151515- Water/Bore/Well - Salinity (mg/L)
Yangibana Mining Lease
Yangibana Tenements
Figure 8. Groundwater Salinity
Global Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig8.WOR
Study AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy Area
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Lyons River
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Alm
a R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Edmund R
iver
Frase
r Cre
ek
Frase
r Cre
ek
Frase
r Cre
ek
Frase
r Cre
ek
Frase
r Cre
ek
Frase
r Cre
ek
Frase
r Cre
ek
Frase
r Cre
ek
Frase
r Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Roc
k Hole
Cre
ek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Yangibana Creek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Pim
byan
a Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Dingo Cre
ek
Road