Appendix B - Cultural Resources - El Centro, CaliforniaBakersfield 661.334.2755 Fresno 559.497.0310...

Appendix B - Cultural Resources

Bakersfield661.334.2755

Fresno559.497.0310

Irvine714.508.4100

Palm Springs760.322.8847

Sacramento916.447.1100

San Bernardino909.884.2255

San Ramon925.830.2733

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PLANNING NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

www.brandman.com

May 12, 2009

Steve HosfordAEI-CASC Engineering, Inc.937 S. Via Lata Suite 500Colton, CA. 92324

Subject: NEPA/CEQA Letter Report: Historic Resource Assessment and Recommendations for

the Adams Park Indoor Sports Park Redevelopment Project, Southeast Corner of 8th

Street and Adams Avenue, El Centro, California

Dear Mr. Hosford:

Michael Brandman Associates (MBA) is providing the City of El Centro with environmental compliance

documents in support of a Negative Declaration for a City community infrastructure project located at the

southeast corner of 8th Street and Adams Avenue, El Centro, CA. 92243. Known as the Adams Park Indoor

Sports Park Redevelopment Project, this letter report discusses the results of a cultural analysis that

provide support for the Initial Study. Because the City will be using federal funding (block grants), a

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA-level) Section 106 analysis of the existing facilities is included in

this assessment.

The proposed project would involve removal of the existing pool, demolition of a false-front decorative

façade facing 8th Street, older poured concrete slabs, retaining walls, bathrooms and dressing rooms, a

pool maintenance shed, existing vegetation and parking lots. A newer gymnasium would remain on the

site. Construction would consist of new basketball courts, a soccer field, bleachers and a running track all

enclosed under a large roof. The existing bathroom/dressing room facility would be replaced.

MBA undertook a records search for cultural resources at the South Coastal Information Center (SCIC) at

the San Diego State University. The records search was conducted by MBA subconsulting archaeologist

Sarah Williams, M.A. The property was examined for historic resources by Michael Dice, M.A. who also

serves as the author for this report. This assessment summarizes the results of the analysis, describes

the historic survey and summarizes the findings. A DPR523A form set with temporary site numbers has

been generated and is attached to this report.

Because the existing property is completely developed and construction will result in removal of existing

buildings and foundations and little excavation of virgin soils, an archaeological survey and paleontological

records search was not undertaken. Instead, a historic survey was conducted in order to fulfill cultural

resource compliance guidelines.

A) Cultural Resource Records Search

The project area is located near the center of the City of El Centro, in the Imperial Valley (Exhibit 1), on lots

homesteaded in the first decade of the 1900’s after the Southern Pacific Railroad brought a spur line

south to the Mexican border. The project area is located in the southwest corner of the southeast corner

of Section 31, Township 15 South, Range 13 East as depicted on the El Centro, California, United States

Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle map (Exhibit 2). Current conditions from the

air are shown in Exhibit 3.

NO

RTH

Michael Brandman Associates

!

M E X I C O

SaltonSea

Brawley

Calexico

El Centro

Salton Sea

·|}þ86

·|}þ98

·|}þ115

·|}þ111

·|}þ78

·|}þ111

·|}þ78

·|}þ98

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27990026 • 03/2009 | 1_regional.mxd

Exhibit 1Regional Location

Source: Census 2000 Data, The CaSIL, MBA GIS 2009.

5 0 52.5

Miles

!

Text

Project Site

CITY OF EL CENTRO • ADAMS AVENUE INDOOR SPORTS COMPLEXCULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

Project Site

TextNot to Scale

27990026 • 03/2009 | 2_local_vicinity.mxd

Exhibit 2Local Vicinity Topographic MapN

OR

TH


Source: TOPO! USGS El Centro (1979) 7.5' DRG.


EL CENTROEL CENTRO

Project Site

Project Site

2,000 0 2,0001,000Feet

27990026 • 03/2009 | 3_local_aerial.mxd

Exhibit 3Local Vicinity Aerial MapN

OR

TH


Source: NAIP for Imperial County (2005).


Park Ave

N 8

th S

t

N 7

th S

t

N 6

th S

t

N 5

th S

t

San Diego-Arizona Eastern RR

N 1

2th

St

W Main St

W State St

W Commercial Ave

Broadway St

El Centro Ave

Euclid Ave

N 1

0th

St

Woodward Ave

Adams Ave

Feet

500 0 500250

Project Site

City of El Centro – Adams Park Redevelopment ProjectHistoric Resource Assessment Cultural Resource Letter Report

Michael Brandman Associates 5H:\Client\2799-City of El Centro\27990226\The Plunge CR letter report.doc

A one-half mile radius was used for the records search. The results of the records search indicated that a

few cultural resources (Table 1) have been recorded within the search radius of the project area, but none

are located within the boundaries of the proposed project. The project area exhibits ten nearby cultural

resources: the nearest recorded cultural resource is Adams Avenue (formerly known as US80) against the

northern edge of the property.

Table 1: Known Cultural Resources Located in a 0.5-Mile and 0.25-Mile Radius of theAdams Indoor Sports Park Project

PrimaryNumber

LocationSection

Resource Description~0.5-mile

Radius

~0.25-mile

RadiusOn Site?

P13-08048 6 Confucius Church, 519 Broadway — No

P13-08051 6 El Centro Main Post Office, 230 S 5th

Ave — No

P13-08319 6 Women’s 10,000 Club, 707 Olive St. — No

P13-08322 Var. Union Pacific Railroad buildings — No

P13-08418 Var. US80 highway (Barbara WorthHighway)

— No

P13-08579 6 Hotel Barbara Worth, 710 W. MainSt.

— No

P13-08682 Var. Niland-Calexico railroad grade — No

P13-08988 6 El Centro Public Library, 539 StateSt

— No

P13-09037 Var. Holton Interurban railroad grade — No

P13-09302 Var. SD&AE railroad grade — No

No prehistoric cultural resources are located in this area, which is not surprising because this section of

the City has been developed to greater or less degree since the 1930’s. A recent Bureau of Land

Management (BLM) on-line GLO record search shows that the Southern Pacific was granted a spur line

connecting the main with the community of El Centro in 1903 and patented in 1905. Once connected,

lands now near the center of town were homesteaded through the Desert Lands Act, and development

began.

B) Cultural Setting

Moratto (1984) and Chartkoff and Chartkoff (1984) provide recent overviews of California archaeology and

historical reviews of the inland southern California and the coast, among other locales. Existing California

Colorado desert chronology is mostly attributed to Malcom Rogers (1939, 1945 and 1966) with revisions

by Crabtree (1981) and Gallegos (1986). Kroeber (1925) and Gifford (1931) provide early insight to

indigenous peoples of Imperial County from the perspective of the 19th century. Contributions on the filling

of Lake Cahuilla by Waters (1982, 1983) have led to revisionist theories to account for changes to the

cultural sequence as forced by filling of Lake Cahuilla. This latter sequence appears appropriate because

sediments in the Lake can and have been radiocarbon dated, and are loosely tied to pottery assemblages

at key cultural sites.



The Paleo-Indian (San Dieguito) Period: spanning a period from ~15000 to 7000 B.C, archaeological

assemblages attributed to this horizon are characterized by large projectile points and scrapers. Neither

groundstones nor pottery was used at this time. The very limited data available suggests that prehistoric

populations focused on hunting of megafauna with lesser emphasis on plant gathering. These people

likely moved about the region in small nomadic groups. Sites consist of rock scatters near major

drainages or near desiccated Pleistocene lakes. Few early assemblages can be directly attributed to this

period in the Colorado Desert biosphere.

The Archaic Period: characterized by increased apparent complexity of toolkits and an increase in the

amount of inhospitable land in the region, the period represents a continuation of Paleoindian Period

lifestyles, but without the megafauna that went extinct at the end of the former Period. The period is little

studied in the Colorado Desert area, but a few known Archaic sites suggest that Lake Cahuilla was filled

and that Archaic peoples were utilizing the resources along the margins of the lake. The Pinto and

Amargosa Complexes are associated with distinctive projectile point styles, point materials and settings.

The Period dates between 7000 B.C. and A.D. 500.

The Patayan Period: Dating between A.D. 500 and Spanish contact, researchers believe that the Coachella

Valley Patayan represents an incursion of Lower Colorado peoples or Mexican cultures onto the Lake

Cahuilla shorelines, and that they may represent the prehistoric precursors to the modern Cahuilla. For

the first time, pottery is locally manufactured and cremations rather than burials are the norm. Likely

representing small extremely mobile groups, the Patayan culture is divided into three phases, each

possibly associated with individual re-fillings of Lake Cahuilla and subsequent changes in pottery type

signatures. Little concrete information is known about the prehistoric Patayan, and most of the recent

studies have been undertaken on sites in the Imperial Valley and along the lower Colorado River. Little is

known about the interaction between Coachella Valley Patayan groups and Cahuilla groups. Given that the

Coachella Valley was the primary thoroughfare between the coastal areas of southern California and the

Colorado River/Arizona Deserts, trade and communication was probably extensive.

Patayan peoples relied on Lake Cahuilla shoreline resources, and Patayan III was associated with the last

major desiccation of Lake Cahuilla roughly 50 years before Europeans explored the Colorado River, A.D.

1500. When the Desert Cahuilla and Kumeyaay peoples were first contacted by American explorers,

several of the elders described a filled Lake Cahuilla as part of the cultural traditions of their people. A

large infilling of the Lake occurred between 1700 and 1750, but it is unlikely that this infilling caused the

lake to rise much above the current level of the Salton Sea. In 1774, de Anza led explorers through the

Salton Sink to Mission San Gabriel, and the entire sink was a dry playa at that time. Historians recorded

numerous fillings of the Salton Sink during the 1800s, suggesting that smaller infilling events were

commonplace, and the formally designated Salton Sea was formed between 1905 and 1907 after

Colorado flooding shattered flimsy canals in 1905.

C) Indigenous Native American Presence

Kumeyaay (Kamia) or Southern Diegueño: The desert Kumeyaay groups, known as the Kamia by Gifford

(1931), were highly mobile hunter-gatherers who generally relied on acorn harvests in the nearby western

mountains, and the mesquite bean harvest on the desert flats. Yuman speakers, this group also made

and use of pottery on a consistent basis and undertook a limited amount of agriculture. Although the use

of pottery and agriculture in the area may have “diffused” from lower Colorado River cultures, the Alamo

and New floodplain rivers were located in the El Centro area and these potentially unreliable water sources

could have provided incentives for ceramic production since water might have needed to be stored.

The interior groups shot or trapped small game and lived in simple huts or ramadas made of brush. Kamia

groups were likely attracted to the shore of Lake Cahuilla, at least along its southern extent. As noted



above, once the ancient lake completely evaporated by about 1500 A.D., drastic changes for Southern

California interior cultures were in store. White (1963) estimated that roughly 50 percent of the Kumeyaay

diet in the 1800s was acorns, while the mesquite was the major staple of the Kamia (Bean 1972). Yucca

and goosefoot (Chenopodium sp.) were also used as a food source. Among others, Bean and Saubel

(1979) provide an important description of the resources and processes utilized by people living in the

Coachella and Upper Imperial valleys. Since most of these foodstuffs require some level of grinding

processing, portable millingstones were a necessary part of the Kamia way of life.

D) El Centro and Kenyon’s Desert Plunge

Occupied during initial agricultural and infrastructure development, cities in the Imperial Valley grew at a

tremendous rate once water and transportation systems became reliable. In 1910, the population of El

Centro was a little over 1600, but by 1920, it had more than quadrupled. The Imperial Valley Irrigation

District, headquartered in the City, plus the fact that El Centro became the County seat allowed for

significant development to occur throughout the remaining decades. Agricultural production remains the

predominate economic engine.

According to records found at the Pioneers Museum and Cultural Center of Imperial County, in 1931 a Mr.

Kenyon opened a new community pool at the corner of Park and Adams. Known as Kenyon’s Desert

Plunge, the facility exhibited a Mission-esque false façade entrance that mirrored a somewhat

decomposed Mission or Santa Fe style hacienda (see attached DPR523a form set). The entrance

exhibited a half-moon graveled drive with palms and Saguaro cacti. Once passed through the entrance

doors, the visitor probably paid a fee, and then dressed for swimming in small rooms hidden under the

façade. Concrete walkways led to the pool, which probably measured about 60-80 feet long and 30-40

feet wide and was at least 9 feet deep at the south end. 1930’s photographs show that the pool was

surrounded by a wooden ramada with palm fronds covering so as to provide necessary shade.

Although the Imperial Valley is known to contain hot springs, it is unlikely the pool consisted of spring

water. Water was probably added to the pool through irrigation sources. Community swimming pools fed

by springs or hot springs were popular features of towns in southern California, especially before World

War II, when such amenities were made available through planned community development. Segregated,

most pools charged a fee and many were privately owned. Earthquakes are common in the Imperial Valley

and nine people were killed by the May 1940 Imperial Valley earthquake. At Imperial, 80 percent of the

buildings were damaged to some degree. In the business district of Brawley, all structures were damaged,

and about 50 percent had to be condemned. The shock caused 40 miles of surface faulting on the

Imperial Fault, part of the San Andreas system in southern California. The magnitude was 6.9-7.1. The

earthquake probably damaged both the facade and possibly the pool.

The earliest photographs show Kenyon’s Desert Plunge was not surrounded by fences and may have been

built on a slightly raised earthen platform so as to avoid being filled with rainwater from the nearby streets.

Grassy areas surrounded the pool and palm frond cabanas were located between the entrance and the

pool. The interior distances suggested by the old photographs help to infer that the original pool had been

built at the same spot as today.

Photographs taken during or just after the War show that minimal changes had been made to the Plunge,

but records as to further changes or records do not exist. Newspaper articles indicated that in 1976 the

City voted to close the pool, raze it, and rebuild. Health issues were cited and, given that the Plunge was

45 years old at the time and prone to earthquakes, complete renovation was necessary. Bathrooms and

changing facilities east of the existing pool appear to have been built in the 1950’s or 1960’s: the cinder

block foundations and interior walls were reused and a new exterior applied during the renovation.



The historic survey showed that few elements associated with The Plunge were located on site.

Surrounding block walls and possibly the pool itself may be original. The dressing rooms and bathrooms

east of the pool were likely built during the 1955-1965 period but the exterior had been resheathed during

the post-1976 rehabilitation. The pool itself was covered with a fiberglass liner that had dried and cracked

exposing tile embedded into concrete. L-shaped, the pool may have been rebuilt so that a diving area to

12’ is now located in the southeast corner. Construction plans (Exhibit 4) show that all existing elements

shall be removed, graded flat, and replaced with a surface-only structure. A new DPR523A form set was

created during the analysis and has been attached to this report as an Appendix.

E) Statement of Significance for Section 106 (Federal) and the California Register (CEQA)

Section 106: Federal agencies are required to consider the effects of their actions on historic properties

and afford the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) a reasonable opportunity to comment on

such undertakings under National Historic Preservation Act Section (§) 106. Federal agencies are

responsible for initiating Section 106 review and completing the steps in the process that are outlined in

the regulations. Furthermore, Section 106 requires that any federal or federally assisted undertaking, or

any undertaking requiring federal licensing or permitting, consider the effect of the action on historic

properties listed in or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Under 36 Code of

Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 800.8, all federal agencies are specifically required to coordinate

compliance with Section 106 and the NEPA process. The implementing regulations “Protection of Historic

Properties” are found in 36 CFR Part 800. Resource eligibility for listing on the NRHP is detailed in 36 CFR

Part 63 and the criteria for resource evaluation are found in 36 CFR Part 60.4 [a-d].

The NHPA established the NRHP as the official federal list for cultural resources that are considered

important for their historical significance at the local, state, or national level. To be determined eligible for

listing in the NRHP, properties must meet specific criteria for historic significance and possess certain

levels of integrity of form, location, and setting. The criteria for listing on the NRHP are nationally

significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture as present in districts,

sites, buildings, structures and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials,

workmanship, feeling, and association. In addition, a resource must meet one or all of these eligibility

criteria:

1. Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our

history.

2. Is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past.

3. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction; represent the

work of a master; possess high artistic values, represent a significant and distinguishable entity

whose components may lack individual distinction.

4. Have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.


27990026 03/2009 | 4_Site_Plan.ai•

Source: T&B Planning (October 30, 2008).


Exhibit 4Conceptual Site PlanN

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Feet50 0 5025



Criterion D is usually reserved for archaeological resources. Eligible properties must meet at least one of

the criteria and exhibit integrity, measured by the degree to which the resource retains its historical

properties and conveys its historical character. Structure components at 750 Park Avenue do not meet

any of these criteria and are therefore not considered a Historic Property under Section 106 guidelines.

CRHR Evaluation: at the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) level of analysis, a site or structure

may be considered an historical resource if it is significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific,

economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military or cultural annals of California (PRC

§5020.1(j)) or if it meets the criteria for listing on the California Register of Historical Resources (CR) (14

CFR §4850). The criteria list is similar to that for National Register

A. Is not associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of

California’s history and cultural heritage

B. Is not associated with the lives of persons important in our past

C. Does not embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of

construction, or represent the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic

values

D. Has not yielded, and is not likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history

Structure components at 750 Park Avenue do not meet any of these criteria and are therefore not

considered a Historical Resource under PRC or CR guidelines.

F) Initial Study (CEQA) Analysis

Research has shown that the existing structure complex may contain elements of the original Plunge, but

that those original elements are relatively minor and that most of the original building components have

been replaced. Those elements that exist today do not reflect the original intent of the builder not do they,

in total, have the ability to provide significant information for future study. For this reason, the IS checklist

should indicate that shown on Table 2:

Table 2: CEQA Checklist

V. CULTURAL RESOURCES -- Would the project: PotentiallySignificant

Impact

Less ThanSignificant

with MitigationIncorporation

Less ThanSignificant

Impact

NoImpact

a) Cause a substantial adverse change in thesignificance of a historical resource as definedin '15064.5?

b) Cause a substantial adverse change in thesignificance of an archaeological resourcepursuant to '15064.5?

c) Directly or indirectly destroy a uniquepaleontological resource or site or uniquegeologic feature?

d) Disturb any human remains, including thoseinterred outside of formal cemeteries?



Historical Resource: Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a

historical resource as defined in §15064.5?

There is no potential for a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historic resource during

construction of this project. Research shows that the existing structures are not significant, and that the

chance that significant historic resources could be encountered during grading is low. Therefore, a

mitigation-monitoring plan to mitigate for potential impacts to historic resources during construction is not

recommended. The Initial Study check box should read “No effect”.

Archaeological Resource: Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an

archaeological resource pursuant to §15064.5?

There is no potential for a substantial adverse change in the significance of a prehistoric resource during

construction of this project. Records indicate that no prehistoric resources have ever been found on or

within 0.25 mile of the project site, and that the chance that prehistoric resources could be encountered

during grading is extremely low. Therefore, a monitoring plan to mitigate for potential impacts to

prehistoric resources during construction is not recommended. The Initial Study check box should read

“No effect”.

Paleontological Resource or Geologic Feature: Would the project directly or indirectly destroy a unique

paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature?

There is no potential for a substantial adverse change in the significance of a paleontologic resource

during construction of this project. Data indicates that paleontologic resources are extremely unlikely to

be found during grading because deeper strata associated with Pleistocene alluvial deposits are

considered well below the excavated area. Therefore, a monitoring plan to mitigate for potential impacts

to prehistoric resources during construction is not recommended. The Initial Study check box should read

“No effect”.

Human Remains: Would the project disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal

cemeteries?

There is little chance that human remains will be encountered during construction-related grading.

Records indicate that no human remains have ever been found on or near the project site, and that the

chance that human remains could be encountered during grading is extremely low due to heavy

disturbance. Therefore, a plan to mitigate for potential impacts to human remains during construction is

not required. Certain State Laws and codes must be followed and are noted in the Unanticipated

Discoveries section below. The Initial Study check box should read “No effect”.

G) Summary

Based on the results of the records search, the existing land-use, and development within and adjacent to

the project area, and the parameters of the proposed construction, the potential for impacts to buried and

potentially significant cultural and paleontological resources is considered low. Existing resources have

been evaluated at the CEQA and Section 106 level of analysis and are not considered significant at the

national, State or local levels of analysis. Under these conditions and following CEQA guidelines, cultural

and paleontological resource mitigation-monitoring is not recommended.

Images of the project area have been inserted into the DPR523A form set, which is found in Appendix A

below.



Unanticipated Discoveries: It is always possible that ground-disturbing activities during construction may

uncover previously unknown, buried cultural resources without a monitor or archaeologist present. In the

event that buried cultural resources are discovered during construction, operations shall stop in the

immediate vicinity of the find and a qualified archaeologist shall be consulted to determine whether the

resource requires further study. The qualified archeologist shall make recommendations to the Lead

Agency on the measures that shall be implemented to protect the discovered resources, including but not

limited to excavation of the finds and evaluation of the finds in accordance with §15064.5 of the CEQA

guidelines. Cultural resources could consist of, but are not limited to, stone artifacts, bone, wood, shell, or

features, including hearths, structural remains, or historic dumpsites. Any previously undiscovered

resources found during construction within the project area should be recorded on appropriate

Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) forms and evaluated for significance in terms of CEQA criteria.

If the resources are determined to be unique historic resources as defined under §15064.5 of the CEQA

Guidelines, mitigation measures shall be identified by the monitor and recommended to the Lead Agency.

Appropriate mitigation measures for significant resources could include avoidance or capping,

incorporation of the site into green space, parks, or open space, or data recovery excavations of the finds.

No further grading shall occur in the area of the discovery until the Lead Agency approves the measures to

protect these resources. Any archaeological artifacts recovered as a result of mitigation shall be donated

to a qualified scientific institution approved by the Lead Agency where they would be afforded long-term

preservation to allow future scientific study.

In addition, reasonable efforts to avoid, minimize, or mitigate adverse effects to the property will be taken,

and the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) and Native American tribes with concerns about the

property, as well as the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP), will be notified within 48 hours in

compliance with 36 CFR 800.13(b)(3). In the event of an accidental discovery or recognition of any human

remains, PRC §5097.98 must be followed. In this instance, once project-related earthmoving begins and

if there is accidental discovery or recognition of any human remains in any location other than a dedicated

cemetery, the following steps shall be taken:

1) There shall be no further excavation or disturbance of the site or any nearby area reasonably

suspected to overlie adjacent human remains until the County Coroner is contacted to determine if the

remains are Native American and if an investigation of the cause of death is required. If the coroner

determines the remains to be Native American, then the coroner shall contact the Native American

Heritage Commission (NAHC) within 24 hours, and the NAHC shall identify the person or persons it

believes to be the “most likely descendant” of the deceased Native American. The most likely

descendent may make recommendations to the landowner or the person responsible for the

excavation work, for means of treating or disposing of, with appropriate dignity, the human remains

and any associated grave goods as provided in PRC §5097.98, or

2) Where the following conditions occur, the landowner or his authorized representative shall rebury

the Native American human remains and associated grave goods with appropriate dignity either in

accordance with the recommendations of the most likely descendant or on the property in a location

not subject to further subsurface disturbance:

The NAHC is unable to identify a most likely descendent or the most likely

descendent failed to make a recommendation within 24 hours after being notified

by the commission,

The descendant identified fails to make a recommendation; or



The landowner or his authorized representative rejects the recommendation of the descendant, and themediation by the NAHC fails to provide measures acceptable to the landowner.

MBA appreciates the opportunity to assist you on this project. If we can assist further, or if you havequestions, please contact me at 909.884.2255 extension 1208.

Sincerely,

Michael H. Dice, M.A., RPASenior ArchaeologistMichael Brandman Associates621 E Carnegie Drive Suite #100San Bernardino, CA. 92408

H:Client\2799-Adams Sports\27990026\The Plunge CR letter report.doc



Bibliography

Bean, L.J.1972 Mukat’s People, The Cahuilla Indians of Southern California. University of California Press, Los

Angeles

Bean, L.J., and K.S. Saubel1979 Temalpakh: Cahuilla Indian knowledge and usage of plants. Maliki Museum Press, Morongo

Indian Reservation. Banning.

Chartkoff J.L. and K.K. Chartkoff1984 The Archaeology of California. Menlo Park: Stanford University Press.

Crabtree 1981 Crabtree, D.L.1981. Archaeology. In: A Cultural Resource Overview of Colorado Desert Planning Units, ed. E. von Till

Warren. USDA Bureau of Land Management, Riverside.

Gallegos 1986 Gallegos, D. (ed.)1986. Patayan II and Patayan III Occupation of IMP-4434 and IMP-5167, East Mesa, Imperial County,

California. On-file, SIC, Imperial Valley Desert Museum, Ocotillo, California.

Gifford 1931 Gifford, Edward W. (1931). The Kamia of Imperial Valley. U.S. Bureau of AmericanEthnology Bulletin no. 97. Washington, D.C.

Kroeber 1925 Kroeber, A. L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American EthnologyBulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C.

Moratto, M.J. 1984. California Archaeology. San Diego: Academic Press.

Rogers, M.J.1939 Early Lithic Industries of the Lower Basin of the Colorado River and Adjacent Desert Areas. San

Diego Museum of Man Papers #3.

Rogers, M.J.1945 Outline of Yuman Prehistory. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 1:167-198.

Rogers, M.J.1966 Ancient Hunters of the Far West. The Union-Tribune Publishing Company, San Diego, California

Waters, M.R.1982 The Lowland Patayan Ceramic Typology, In: Hohokam and Patayan, eds. R.H. McGuire and M.B.

Schiffer. Academic Press, New York

Waters, M.R.1983 Late Holocene Lacustrine Chronology and Archaeology of Ancient Lake Cahuilla, California.

Quaternary Research 19:373-387.

White, R.C.1963 Luiseño Social Organization. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and

Ethnology 48(2). Berkeley.



Appendix A: DPR523A Form Set

State of California ⎯ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #

PRIMARY RECORD draft Trinomial: NRHP Status Code 6Z Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date Page 1 of 5 *Resource Name or #: Kenyon’s Desert Plunge, El Centro, CA. P1. Other Identifier: none *P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: Imperial

*b. USGS 7.5' Quad: El Centro, CA. Date: 1976 T.16S; R.14E; Section 6. c. Address: 750 Park Avenue City: El Centro (Imperial County), CA. Zip: 92243 d. UTM: 0634755mE/3629601mN. Zone 11. Note: Plot created using digital topographic GIS system. NAD 1983. e. Other Locational Data: The original Plunge was located facing Eighth Street with a clear view of Adams. Elevation: -38’ ASL.

*P3a. Description: The Plunge was erected in 1931 and served as El Centro’s only community swimming pool for many years. The original was razed in 1976-1977, and the original Kenyon’s false-front façade was recreated and the pool liself likely enlarged and refurbished. The City closed the facility in the spring of 2008 citing health concerns. The site of the original Plunge will be completely removed and an indoor sports park rebuilt on the site beginning late 2009.

*P3b. Resource Attributes: HP13. *P4. Resources Present:

Building Structure Object Site

District Element of District Other P5b. Description of Photo: View of the 1931-era Plunge toward the northwest. *P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Historic Prehistoric Both *P7. Owner and Address: City of El Centro 1275 Main Street El Centro, CA. 92243

*P8. Recorded by: Michael Dice. M.A. R.P.A. Michael Brandman Associates 621 E Carnegie Drive #100 San Bernardino, CA 92408 *P9. Date Recorded: March 18, 2009. *P10. Survey Type: NEPA/CEQA level historical resource survey and assessment. *P11. Report Citation: Dice, M.D. (2009). Cultural Resources Assessment of the Adams Park Plunge, City of El Centro, California. On-file, Michael Brandman Associates and the City of El Centro *Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheets Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record Other (List):

State of California ⎯ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI#

LOCATION MAP draft Trinomial: Page 2 of 5 *Resource Name or #: Kenyon’s Desert Plunge, El Centro, CA. Note: map to scale.

Location of structure shown at the tip of the arrow.


BUILDING, STRUCTURE AND OBJECT RECORD Trinomial: Page 3 of 5 *NRHP Status Code 6Z *Resource Name or #: Kenyon’s Desert Plunge, El Centro, CA. B1. Historic Name: Kenyon’s Desert Plunge B2. Common Name: The Plunge B3. Original Use: community swimming pool B4. Present Use: same, but abandoned and closed.

*B5. Architectural Style: original might be considered “California Eclectic” *B6. Construction History: The original pool complex was built in 1931. Demolished about 1977, the façade was recreated to exhibit the eclectic style reminiscent of the original. It is likely that numerous improvements were made to the complex between 1931 and 1976, including the addition of changing rooms and bathrooms in a cinder block building due east of the existing pool in circa 1955-1965. This building was rehabilitated once the original pool complex was closed and the original façade torn down. Locals indicated that the original Plunge was quite dilapidated when the City Council decided to raze it in 1976. There are no known records indicating who Kenyon was, but it is likely that he was a community leader and businessman as the pool was likely a for-profit enterprise.

*B7. Moved? ⌧No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: *B8. Related Features: none B9a. Architect: unknown b. Builder: unknown

*B10. Significance: Theme: California eclectic commercial Architecture Area: Imperial County Period of Significance: circa 1930 Property Type: commercial point of interest Applicable Criteria: N/A

Kenyon’s Desert Plunge was a commercial community pool built in 1931 with a false front, half moon driveway and numerous cacti (including Saguaro) facing North Eighth Street. Historic photographs show the pool was a large rectangle about 100 by 50 feet in size with depths to at least 9 feet. The original pool was surrounded by a palm frond covered ramada resting on poured concrete that surrounded the pool completely. The ramada also ran along a walkway that extended from the entrance of the complex along Park Avenue. The entrance consisted of a Hollywood-esque western themed false front built to suggest a decomposed hacienda or Mission. The walls of the structure apparently were never built to surround the pool, but stacked rock walls (10-12 courses topped by rounded capping blocks) are known for the Adams and Park sides of the parcel. Eclectic architecture was common for California businesses in the first half of the 20th century. Today, an L shaped pool built of concrete and lined with fiberglass (built 1976-1977) may rest in the footprint of the original pool, or may represent a rehab and enlargement of the original. The half-moon entrance to the complex retains its original 1931 location and shape, but none of the original plants remain. The original concrete water circulating system was replaced during the 1976-1977 rehabilitation with a plastic system, but this too has worn out completely. Rocks walls along the north and southern sides of the parcel may be the original. 1930’s and 1940’s photos show new vegetation surrounding the pool and grass to the west, which was probably unbearable midsummer. Older Ficus-type trees rest between the 1955-1965 bathroom complex east of the pool and a gymnasium locate near the eastern edge of the parcel at N. 7th Street. B11. Additional Resource Attributes: none.

*B12. References: Pioneers Museum of Imperial County B13. Remarks: All attached historic photographs courtesy of the Pioneers Museum

*B14. E valuator: Michael Dice Michael Brandman Associates 220 Commerce, Suite 200 Irvine, CA 92602

*Date of Evaluation: March 18, 2009


CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial Page 4 of 5 *Resource Name or # Kenyon’s Desert Plunge, El Centro, CA. *Recorded by: Michael Brandman Associates *Date: March 18, 2009 ⌧ Continuation Update

Historic Photographs of 750 Park, El Centro, CA.

View of the 1931 false front from Park to the northwest

View of the 1940’s-1950’s false front showing estensive growth of Saguaro cacti.

View of the palm frond ramada and pool toward the northeast.

View of community celebration, circa late 1930’s early 1940’s (Hetzel photograph)



DPR 523L (1/95) *Required information


CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial Page 5 of 5 *Resource Name or # Kenyon’s Desert Plunge, El Centro, CA. *Recorded by: Michael Brandman Associates *Date: March 18, 2009 ⌧ Continuation Update

Modern Photographs of 750 Park, El Centro, CA.

View of western elevation at the corner of Park and Adams showing replaced false front

View of existing pool toward the southwest. Covered area lies atop reddish concrete that may represent an originally poured slab associated with Kenyon’s

View of diving area of existing pool in the southeast corner toward the east.

View of the existing pool toward the south-southwest

View of ficus-like trees between bathrooms and gym. Rock walls may be original to kenyon’s



Appendix B: Resume


CORPORATE RESUME

Page 1

Michael H. Dice, RPAProject Scientist/Senior Archaeologist

Overview

Master’s degree, Anthropology – Arizona State University, Tempe. 1993

Bachelor’s degree, Anthropology – Washington State University, Pullman. 1986

Registered Professional Archaeologist (RPA 2000)

Registered Archaeologist in Orange County and Riverside County

Michael Dice, MA, RPA has 24 years experience performing record searches, archaeological surveys,

archaeological site testing (Phase II), and data collection (Phase III) and architectural surveys on private and

public lands in the Southwestern United States. A senior archaeologist, he has authored or co-authored more

than 150 Cultural Resources Inventory Reports required for CEQA and/or NEPA level documents including

several manuscripts for the National Park Service. On several occasions in the last three years, Mr. Dice has

also served as the Acting Consultant for SB18 consultations between local tribes and Cities in southern

California. He has a large amount of experience working on the cultural resource aspects of infrastructure

projects, plus several years experience in the High Desert.

Related Experience

High Desert Archaeological Projects

Sky Harbor Ranch Specific Plan Project. 2008. Town of Yucca Valley. Mr. Dice undertook an archaeological

survey of 640 acres located south of the Town of Yucca Valley and bordering Joshua Tree National Park. Mr.

Dice surveyed the entirety of the section with two staff archaeologists, then wrote the report and recorded a

single historic archaeological site. The survey was undertaken for a Specific Plan in the Town.

The Barstow Industrial Park Project. 2007-2009. City of Barstow. MBA is preparing an EIR for a new

logistics center to handle multi-modal transport of goods in and out of the Los Angeles Basin and throughout

the country. The center, being developed by IDA Real Estate Group, will be located on 1,200 acres along the

Mojave River west of the City of Barstow. Technical studies will be completed and integrated into the EIR that

will be used by the City of Barstow and the various regulatory agencies involved in the permitting process. The

cultural resource analysis was led by Mr. Dice and consisted of a Phase 1 survey and Phase II test of various

historic and historic archaeological resources. The final cultural resource element to the project is the crafting

of a Phase III (data collection through subsurface excavation) program consistent with scientific studies that

have taken place in the region in previous years. More than 30 cultural resources have been identified in the

project area and consultations with Native Americans have taken place since project inception.

An Archaeological Survey of the Mastro Property. 2007. Yucca Mesa Area, County of San Bernardino. Mr.

Dice undertook a survey of 30 acres in the Yucca Mesa region of Joshua Tree. Several archaeological

resources were detected and recorded onto DPR523a form sets. Mitigation measures were recommended

that asked for test excavations before the property was approved for subdivision by the County.

The Foxfire Ranch Project. 2005. City of Victorville. Mr. Dice performed a Phase 1 Cultural Resource Survey

of a 65-Acre Property at Tentative Tract #16574 (Foxfire Ranch), located near Cobalt and Dos Palmas Roads,

Section 26 of T.5N R.5W, City of Victorville, Including Parcel #3094-131-02. Century-Crowell Communities.

Cultural Survey Report for Two Planned Ryland Homes Developments in the City of Victorville. 2004 and

2006. City of Victorville. Mr. Dice performed a Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment and Paleontological


CORPORATE RESUME

Page 2

Records Review Tract Nos. 16496 and 16905 in the City of Victorville. Ryland Homes of Corona.

Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Victorville Acres Project, Tentative Tract 16847, City of

Victorville, San Bernardino County. Mr. Dice prepared a cultural resource survey report for planned

development in the City of Victorville. Van Daele Homes, Inc.

Project Archaeologist for the California Lightweight Pumice Makayla Mine Expansion. Mr. Dice undertook a

Class III Intensive Field Survey of mining lease properties located within Sections 21 and 28, T21S/R38W,

Coso Junction Area, County of Inyo, California. Wrote research design, direct survey and recordation of more

than 20 obsidian scatter and two quarries in an area southeast of Olancha and west of Coso Junction. All

Native American coordination flowed through the BLM-Ridgecrest Field Office.

Cultural Resource Survey Reports for the Palm Desert Rock Project, and the Coachella Aggregates Expansion

Project, Coachella Valley, Riverside County. Mr. Dice prepared cultural survey and inventory reports for

planned mining development in the County of Riverside. Requires Section 106 and County of Riverside

General Plan concurrence through the County Archaeologist.

High Desert Water-Related Cultural Resource Management Projects

The Victor Valley Recycled Water Project 2004-2006. Mr. Dice served as the Project Archaeologist for a

series of studies in Hesperia, Victorville, Apple Valley and the County of San Bernardino for a proposed

subregional facilities project that will treat excess and sewage for recycling in the noted towns and

communities. The project was completed for Bauer Consulting, Irvine, Ca. A records search, survey and

mitigation recommendations were made as part of an EIR/EIS. Contact with the SWCB (Cookie Hearn,

Archaeologist) were made as part of the Section 106 (Federal) compliance process.

Navajo Road Sewer Project 2002-2004. Mr. Dice served as the Project Archaeologist for a infrastructure

improvement project in the Town of Apple Valley. A right-of-way for the new sewer was surveyed between the

existing airport and the new Costco distribution center for Carter and Burgess Engineering of Fort Worth, Texas.

Mr. Dice recommended testing and monitoring of the project

Professional Affiliations

Member, California Historical Society

Member, National Trust for Historic Preservation

Certified County of Riverside Archaeologist

Certified County of Orange Archaeologist

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