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APPENDIX B - NORTH IDAHO NATIVE AND BENEFICIAL PLANT LIST:
PART I - NATIVE PLANT LANDSCAPING LISTTreesShrubsPerennialsFernsGrasses, Rushes, Sedges, ReedsGround CoverVines
PART II - ADDITIONAL PLANT LISTTreesShrubsPerennialsGrasses, Rushes, Sedges, Reeds
PART I - NATIVE PLANT LANDSCAPING LIST
Plants that are native to North Idaho
Codes:Soil - D = dry; M = moist; W = wetLight - S = sun; PS = part sun or shade; Sh = Shade
*Keep away from sewer and septic lines
TREES
CommonName
ScientificName
Height
Bloom
Moisture
Light
Arboretum
Notes
Alder, Red* Alnus rubra 40-60feet
M/W S/PS Fixes nitrogen inthe soil; catkins
Alder, Sitka* Alnus viridis
30 feet
M/W S InteriorRainForest/Riparian
Improves soil byadding organicmatter andnitrogen; catkins
Aspen*,Quaking
Populustremuloides
90 feet
M/D S AspenGrove
Golden fall color;spreads by rootrunners; gray-white smoothbark
Birch, Paper*
Betulapapyrifera
50-70feet
M S Wetland Yellow fallfoliage; whitepeeling bark
Birch, Water*
Betulaoccidentalis
13-26feet
W S/PS Wetland Stream bankstabilization;
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pinkish,nonpeeling bark
Cottonwood*,Black
Populustrichocarpa
150-180feet
M/W S Sticky, red seedcases; good forerosion controlon banks; attractsbirds
Fir, Douglas;Red
Pseudotsugamenziesii
150feet
D/M S/PS Shade tolerant;well drained soil;pyramidal shape
Fir, Grand;White
Abiesgrandis
100feet
M/D S/PS Fragile erectcones at top oftree; fragrantfoliage
Fir,Subalpine
Abieslasiocarpa
60-105feet
M S/Sh Subalpine Dark greenneedles withwhitish lines;drought and heatintolerant;narrow, slowgrowing; red-purple cones attop
Hemlock,Western
Tsugaheterophylla
120-150feet
M Sh InteriorRainForest
Needs shadewhen young;thick, acidic,humus soil
Larch,Western;Tamarack
Larixoccidentalis
100-200feet
D/M S YoungForest
Golden fall color;deciduous, erect,slender
Maple,RockyMountain
Acerglabrum
20-30feet
M/D S/PS YoungForest
Shrubby multi-trunk tree; falland winter color;attractive all year
Pine,Ponderosa;Yellow, Bull
Pinusponderosa
140feet
D/M S YoungForest
3 needles persheaf; dry opensites; fireresistant
Pine,WesternWhite
Pinusmonticola
230feet
D/M S YoungForest
Idaho state tree;five needles persheaf; goodspecimen tree
Redcedar,Western
Thuja plicata
100-120
M PS/Sh
MoistForest
Evergreen scale-like leaves;
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feet aromatic; red-brown bark; rich,moist soil
Spruce,Engelmann
Piceaengelmannii
75-120feet
M PS Subalpine Blue-green, stiff,evergreenneedles; slowgrowing
SHRUBS
CommonName
ScientificName
Height
Bloom Moisture
Light
Arboretum
Notes
Alder, Wavyleaf*
Alnus viridisssp. Sinuata
10 feet
May-July
M S/PS Forms thicket;fast growing;fixes nitrogen
Birch, Bog,Scrub*
Betula nana 3-10feet
Feb-June
W S/PS Deep orangein the fall;acidic soil;spreading
Buffalo Berry
Shepherdiacanadensis
3-13feet
May-July
D/M S/PS Dry Forest Small yellowflowers;orange to redberries; fixesnitrogen
Cascara,Buckthorn
Frangulapurshiana
Up to30 feet
Jun-July
M/W Sh Small, yellowflowerclusters;black fruit;silvery graybark;deciduous
Ceanothus,Shiny Leafed
Ceanothusvelutinus var.
2 feet D/M S Small whiteflowers inpyramidalclusters; goodbrowes
Chokecherry,Common
Prunusvirginiana
3-12feet
Apr-May
D S Meadow/Medicinal
Whiteflowers;grows inrocky soil;fast growing;showy fruit;attracts birds
Cranberry, Vibumum edule 1.5-10 M/W PS/Sh Clusters of
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Highbrush feet white flowers;red berries;likes richorganic soil
Devil's club Oplopanaxhorridus
3-10feet
May-June
M Sh InteriorRainForest
Creamy whiteflowers;beautiful redberries in fall;very spiny
Dogwood,Red Osier
Comus sericea 3-6feet
May-July
M/W S/PS InteriorRainForest
Greenish-white flowerclusters;white berries;red twigs
Elderberry,Blue
Sambucusnigra var.cerulea
6-12feet
M S Riparian Clusters ofwhite flowers;grows alongwatercourses;powdery blueedible fruit;fast growing
Hawthorn,Black
Crataegusdouglasii var.
6-25feet
May-June
D/W S White flowercluster; smallblack fruit;thorny; soiland streamstabilization
Hazelnut,Beaked
Corylus comuta
3-12feet
M S/Sh Edible nuts;yellow, fallcolor; streambanks; welldrained soil
Huckleberry,Fool's; FalseAzelea
Menziesiaferruginea
Up to9 feet
M S/Sh Tiny, pinkish-yellowflowers, blue-green foliage;crimson-orange fallfoliage;acidic, humussoil
Huckleberry,Oval-leaf
Vacciniumovalifolium
To 6feet
M/W S Subalpine White to pinkflowers;edible blue-black berries;red fallfoliage
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Huckleberry,Thinleaf
Vacciniummembranaceum
To 4.5feet
M/D S Subalpine White to pinkflowers;purple toreddish-blackberries; redfall foliage
Juniper,RockyMountain
Juniperusscopulorum
3-30feet
D S Grayish-green, gray-blue berries;knotty,twisted trunk;rocky sites
Kinnikinnick Arctostaphylosuva-ursi
6-10inches
D S/PS Paths Urn-shapedflowers, redberries;evergreenshiny leaves
Maple,RockyMountain
Acer glabrumvar.
20-30feet
M/D S/PS YoungForest
Shrubbymulti-trunktree; fall andwinter color;attractive allyear
MountainAsh, Sitka
Sorbussitchensis var.
3-15feet
June-July
M S/PS White flowerclusters;grows onslopes;excellent fallcolor leavesand berries
MountainAsh, Western
Sorbusscopulina var.scopulina
3-13feet
May-July
D/M S/PS White flowerclusters;grows onslopes;excellent fallcolor leavesand berries
MountainLover, MyrtleBoxwood,FalseBoxwood
Pachistimamyrsinites
1-2feet
May-June
M PS Berm Tiny maroonflowers; gooddeer browse;evergreen
Ninebark,Mallow
Physocarpusmalvaceus
To 6feet
May-June
D/M S Dry Rock Whiteflowers;leaves hairyon both sides;peeling bark;
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rocky soil
Ocean Spray
Holodiscusdiscolor
3-10feet
June-Aug
D/M S/PS Dry Forest Foamy,creamy whiteflowerclusters;archingstems; sandyto gravellysoil
OregonGrape,Cascade
Mahonianervosa
6-24inches
Spring D/M PS/Sh
Path Yellowflowers; shinyleaves;evergreen;dark berries
OregonGrape,Creeping
Mahonia repens
6-12inches
Apr/June
D/M S Path Bright yellowflowerclusters; blueberries; holly-like,evergreenleaves
OregonGrape, Tall
Mahoniaaquifolium
8-48inches
May/June
D/M S Path Yellow flowerclusters;prickly,evergreenleaves; blueberries;droughtresistant; richsoil
Penstemon,Shrubby
Penstemonfruticosus
To 15inches
June-Aug
D S Dry Rock Flowers blue-lavender topurple; rockysoil
Rose,Baldhip
Rosagymnocarpavar.
1-4feet
June-July
D/M S Small pinkflowers; smallscarlet hips
Rose,Nootka
Rosa nutkanavar.
3-6feet
May-July
M S Dry Rock Large pastelpink flowers;large, redhips
Rose,Pearhip
Rosa woodsiivar.
3-6feet
May-July
D S Dry Rock/Medicinals
Pink flowers;large, darkred hips,spreads well
Rose, Prickly Rosa acicularis 3-6 June- M S Pink flowers;
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var. feet Aug very spiny
ServiceBerry;Saskatoon
Amelanchieralnifolia var.
6-30feet
May-June
M/D S YoungForest
Whiteflowers; darkblue berries;attracts birds
Snowberry Symphoricarpos albus
4 feet May-Aug
D S Path Pink flowers;white berries(poisonous)persistthroughwinter
Spiraea,Birch-Leaved
Spiraeabetulifolia var.
10-24inches
June-July
M/D S Meadow/MoistForest
White flowersin dense flatclusters; easyto grow
Spiraea,Douglas,Pink
Spiraeadouglasii var.
4 feet June-July
M/W S Riparian/RainForest
Pink to deeprose, dense,elongateclusters; easyto grow
Sumac;Smooth
Rhus glabra 3-9feet
June-July
D S Dry Rock White flowerclusters;grows onslopes;excellent fallcolor leavesand berries
Syringa,Mockorange
Philadelphuslewisii
3-9feet
May-July
M S/PS YoungForest
White,fragrantflowers; Idahostate flower;grows inopen forests
Thimbleberry
Rubusparviflorus
11/2-7
feet
May-July
D/M PS/Sh
Dry Rock Whiteflowers;edible fruit;spreads byrhizomes
Twinberry,Black;Bearberry
Lonicerainvolucrata
3-9feet
June-July
M/W S/PS Yellowflowersclusters;black berriesin fall; boggysoil
Twinberry,Red; UtahHoneysuckle
Lonicerautahensis
3-6feet
May-July
M S/PS MoistForest
Twin, yellowflowersfollowed by
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twin redberries
Willow,Bebb's*
Salix bebbiana 1-15feet
W S/PS White catkins;grows inseeps
Willow,Drummond*
Salixdrummondiana
6-12feet
M S/PS Long, ovalshapedleaves;tolerates poorsoil; moist,water's edge
Willow,Geyer's*
Salix geyeriana
4-15feet
M S Catkins;holdsshorelines
Willow,Pacific*
Slix lasiandra 3-27feet
W S Pale yellowcalkins;mediumshrub orsmall tree;holdsshorelines
Willow,Sandbar*
Salix exigua To 12feet
May-June
W S Grows onsandbars
Willow,Scouler*
Salixscouleriana
7-33feet
D/M S YoungForest
Erect,clumpedgrowth
PERENNIALS
CommonName
ScientificName
Height
Bloom Moisture
Light
Arboretum
Notes
Alumroot,Round-Leafed
Heucheracylindrica var.
6-20inches
May-Aug
D S Dry Rock/Meadow
Creamflowers onspike-likeclusters
Arnica,Broadleaf
Amica latifoliavar.
3-20inches
AllSummer
M S/PS MedicinalGarden
Brightyellow rayflowers
Arnica, Heart-Leaved
Amicacordifolia
3-20inches
May-Aug
M S/PS MedicinalGarden
Yellow,daisy-likeflowers;leavessimilar totrail plant
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Aster, Showy Eurybiaconspicua
1-3feet
July-Sept
D/M PS/Sh
YoungForest
Blue toviolet rayflowers withyellowcenters;loamy soil;growsunder pines
Aster, SmoothBlue
Aster laevis 4-10inches
July-Sept
D/M S Rose-purple toblue orviolet,yellowcenter
Balsamroot,Arrowleaf
Balsamorhizasagittata
12-18inches
May-June
D S/PS Dry Rock Veryshowy,daisy typeyellowflower; welldrained soil
Beargrass Xerophyllumtenax
Stemsto 4.5feet
May-Aug
M S Subalpine Creamyflowercluster ontall stem;grass-likeleaves inclumps; lilyfamily
Bedstraw,Fragrant
Galiumtriflorum
8-39inches
May-June
M/W PS/Sh
Tiny whiteflowers;reseeds;peat soil
Bergamot, WildBeebalm
Monardafistulosa
8-28inches
June-Aug
M/D S/PS Pink/purpleflowers;largeclumps,rhizomes; amint; sandto loam soil
Biscuitroot,Fern-leaved
Lomatiumdissectum
To 5feet
Apr-June
D S/PS Yellow orpurpleflowers;rocky soil
Biscuitroot,Nine-leaf
Lomatiumtritematum
8-32inches
Spring D S Yellowflowers;
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likes rockysoil
Biscuitroot, Salt& Pepper;Gorman'sDesert-Parsley
Lomatiumgormanii
4-10inches
EarlySpring
D/M PS Small whiteflowers(salt)w/purpleanthers(pepper);eastexposure
Bitterroot Lewisiarediviva
2-3inches
Apr-July
D/M S Showy pinkflower; welldrainedrocky soil
Blanketflower Gaillardiaaristata
8-27inches
June-July
D S YoungForest
Flowersyellow tomaroon;reseeds;welldrainedsoil;toleratesheat
Bluebell, Long-flowered orMountain
Mertensialongiflora
5-8inches
Apr/June
M S/PS Pink,clustered,bell shapedflowers turnblue
Bluebells Campanularotundifolia
6-20inches
AllSummer
D S Dry Rock Purplish-blue, bellshapedflowers onthin, wirystems; welldrained soil
Buckwheat,Cushion
Eriogonumovalifolium
2-6inches
May-Aug
D S Creamywhite flowercluster; matforming,gray-greenleaves
Buckwheat,Sulphur
Eriogonumumbellatum
2-12inches
June-Aug
D S Creamywhite flowerclusteroften tingedwith red orpurple; mat
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forming,gray-greenleaves
Buttercup, Little
Ranunculusuncinatus
6-24inches
EarlySummer
M/W S/Sh Small paleyellowflowers
Buttercup,Sagebrush
Ranunculusglaberrimusvar.
2-8inches
EarlySpring
D/M S/PS Yellowflowers;coniferousforests;vanishes inmidsummer
Camas,Common
Camassiaquamash
12inches
Apr/July
M S/PS Riparian Severalblue-purpleflowers perstem; likecoarsegrass; wetspring anddry summersoil
Cattail,Common
Typha latifolia
Stemsto 6feet
W S Riparian Dark brownblossomsbecomecottonywhenmature;organicsoil; wetfeet;rhizomes
Cinquefoil,Graceful
Potentillagracilis var.
1-2feet
LateSpring
D S/PS Yellowflowers; 5-fingeredleaves;looks like"marijuanaleaf"
Cinquefoil,Sticky
Potentillaglandulosavar.
6-16inches
June-Aug
D/M S/PS Pale yellowflowers; 5-fingeredleaves
Clarkia, PinkFairies
Clarkiapulchella
2-8inches
May-June
M/D S Pinkflowers;welldrainedsoil;
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annual;reseeds
Collomia,Narrow-leaved
Collomialinearis
4-15inches
May-Aug
D/M S Smalltubular pinkflowers indensecluster
Columbine,Red
Aquilegiaformosa
8-28inches
May-Aug
D/M S/PS Dry Rock Droopingred sepals,yellowpetals
Columbine,Yellow
Aquilegiaflavescens
8-30inches
June-Aug
M S/PS Yellowpetals,yellowsepals maybe tingedwith pink;mountainmeadows
Cow Parsnip Heracleummaximum
3-7feet
June M/W S/Sh Wetland Whiteflowerclusters 4-12 inchesacross;maplelike,showyleaves
Fireweed Chamerionangustifoliumssp.angustifolium
1-7feet
June-Aug
M S Dry Rock Large roseto purpleflowers.First togrow after afire;spreads byrhizomes
Flax, Blue Linum lewisii 2 feet May-Sep
D/M S/PS YoungForest
Blueflowersreplacedaily;reseeds;very easy togrow
Fleabane,Daisy
Erigeronspeciosus
4-24inches
May-Aug
D/M S/PS Subalpine Blue rayflowers withyellowcenter.Bloomsbefore the
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asters
Foamflower Tiarellatrifoliata var.
6-20inches
June-July
W/M Sh/PS
Tiny,delicatewhiteflowers onwiry stalks
Geranium,Cranesbill
Geraniumrichardsonii
16-35inches
May-Sept
M PS/Sh
White topinkishflowers
Geranium,Sticky
Geraniumviscosissimum
16-35inches
May-Sept
D S/Sh Pinkish-purpleflowers;grassymeadows
Goldenrod Solidagocanadensisvar. salebrosa
12-70inches
July-Oct
D/M S/PS Meadow Denseclusters ofshowyyellowflowers
Grass Widow Olsyniumdouglasii var.inflatum
6-10inches
EarlySpring
M S/PS Purple-blueflowers; iris-like leaves
Groundsel,Arrowleaf
Seneciotriangularis
1-5feet
June-Sept
W S/PS Yellowcompositeflowers inflat toppedheads
Hollyhock,Mountain
lliamnarivularis
3-6feet
June-Aug
M S Showyspikes ofpink towhiteflowers;large,maple-likeleaves; welldrained soil
Hooker'sFairybells
Disporumhookeri
1-3feet
LateSpring
M/W S/Sh MoistForest
2-3 creamyflowershang fromstem ends;red berriesin fall
Hyancinth,Wild
Brodiaeadouglasii
6-10inches
Apr-June
D S/PS Blueflowersclumped atthe end of a
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long stem
Jacob's ladder Polemoniumpulcherrimum
2-15inches
May-Aug
D/M S Blueflowers; inthe Phloxfamily;reseedsreadily
Larkspur,Montana
Delphiniumbicolor
3-15inches/
6-24inches
Apr-July
D/M S Stalk ofblue/purple,showyflowers;grassyprairies,coniferousforests
Larkspur,Nuttall's
Delphiniumnuttallianum
6-16inches
D S/PS Showy blueto violetflowers;open forest
Lily, Columbia;Tiger lily
Liliumcolumbianum
2 feet Jul/Aug 3 3 Dry Rock Orangeflowers withred-purpledots; loosefertile soil;purchaseas seed orcorms
Lily, Leopard;Chocolate Lily
Fritillarialanceolata
21/2
feet
April-June
M S/PS Purple-brownflowersmottled withgreen.Purchasecorms
Lupine, Silky Lupinussericeus
8-24inches
Spring D S Meadow Deepblue/purpleflowers onerect stems
Lupine, Silvery
Lupinusargenteus
4-16inches
Spring D/M S/PS Meadow Violet/blueflowers onerect stems;clumps
Meadowrue,Western
Thalictrumoccidentale
1-3feet
M S Small whiteflowers inloose
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clusters attop of stems
Miner's Lettuce
Claytoniaperfoliata(Montiaperfoliata)
2-12inches
Apr-July
M PS/Sh
White topinknoddingflowers in aclusterabove leafdisk
Miner's lettuce,Heart-leaved
Claytoniacordifolia
4-12inches
May-Sept
W PS MoistForest
Small whiteflowers withpink veins;growsalongstreams
MonkeyFlower, Yellow
Mimulusguttatus
3-36inches
Summer
W S/Sh Yellowflowers;growsalongstreams
Nightshade,DwarfEnchanter's
Circaea alpina
4-20inches
M/W Sh Tinyflowers;showyleaves;cool, dampforest orwetlandsites
Onion, Pinknodding
Alliumcemuum
4-20inches
June-July
D S/PS Medicinal Pink to rosepurpleflowers;spreads byclumping
PearlyEverlasting
Anaphalismargaritacea
1-3feet
July-Oct
D/M S Dry Rock Whiteflowers indenseclusteredheads;good driedflower
Phalicia,Threadleaf
Phacelialinearis
3-20inches
May-July
D S Lavender-blueflowers;annual;reseeds
Prairie Smoke Geum triflorum 4-12 May-July D/M S/Sh Dry Rock Pink to red
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inches
flowers,lacy leaves;plumedseed pods;gravelly soil
Prince's Pine Chimaphilaumbellata
1 foot June-Aug
M S/PS Pinkflowers ontop of longstem;evergreen,rosetteleaves
Shooting start,Woodland
Dodecatheonpulchellum
6-16inches
Apr-Aug
M S/Sh 2-15 pinkflowers perstem; likesmoisthumus richsoil
SkunkCabbage
Lysichitonamericanus
1-3feet
Apr-July
W PS/Sh
Wetland Spike oftiny yellowflowerssurroundedby a yellowhood; bogs
Solomon's-Seal, False
Maianthemumracemosum
1-3feet
Apr-July
M PS/Sh
Whiteflowers; redberries;spreads byrhizomes
Solomon's-Seal, Star-flowered
Maianthemumstellatum
8-24inches
May-June
M S/PS Small whiteflowers;rhizomes;moist, openforest
Stonecrop Sedumstenopetalum
2-8inches
May-Aug
D S/PS Starshaped,brightyellowflowers;grows onwelldrainedrockyslopes
Sweet Cicely,Western
Osmorhizaberteroi,
16-48inches
Apr-July
M Sh Yellow orwhite
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Osmorhizapurpurea
flowers ingroups;black,needleshapedseeds;licoricearoma; richsoil
Trailplant,Pathrinder
Adenocaulonbicolor
Up to 3feet
June-Sept
M Sh Tiny whiteflowers onmultiplewispystems;leaves lightcolorunderneath
Trillium Trilliumovatum
1 foot Mar-June
M/W Sh/PS
MoistForest
Threebroad whitepetals onshowyflower;threeleaves
Twisted Stalk Streptopusamplexifolius
1-3feet
May-June
M PS/Sh
Greenish-white, bellshapedflowershang downfromundersideof leaves;red berriesin fall
Valerian, Sitka
Valerianasitchensis
1-3feet
June-Aug
M S/PS Pale pinkfading towhiteflowers;featheryseedplumes;rhizomes
Violet, EarlyBlue
Viola aduncavar.
4inches
Apr-Aug
D/M S/PS Dry Rock Blue orpurpleflower
Violet, Round-leaf
Violaorbiculata
To 2inches
Apr-July
M S/PS MoistForest
Yellowflower
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Violet, Streamor Pioneer
Viola glabella
2-7.5inches
Apr-July
M/W S/PS MoistForest
Yellowflower;streamsand seeps
Waterlily,Yellow
Nuphar luteassp.polysepala
4-18inches
Summer
W S/Sh Large,yellowflowers andlargeleaves floaton thesurface ofponds 2-10feet deep orslowstreams
Woodland Star;Prairie Star
Lithophragmaparviflorumvar.
8-20inches
Apr-June
M S/PS Small,white flower
Yarrow Achilleamillefolium
6-24inches
Aug-Oct
D/M S Whiteflowers;leavesfernlike;reseedsagressively;fragrant
Yellow Bell Fritillariapudica
3-12inches
Apr-June
D S/PS Noddingyellowflowers;purchasecorms
FERNS
Common Name
ScientificName
Height
Bloom
Moisture
Light
Arboretum
Notes
Brittle Bladder(Fragile) Fern
Crystopterisfragilis
4-12inches
D S Rocky sites;foothills toalpine
Cliff Fern Woodsiascopulina
To 10inches
D PS Rocky soil;dry cliffs;talus slopes
CrestedShieldfern
Dryopteriscristata
12-25inches
M/W PS/Sh
InteriorRainForest
Wet woods;evergreen
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Lady Fern Athyriumfilixfemina
2-5feet
M PS/Sh
InteriorRainForest
Leaves invase-likeclusters;spreadswell byrhizomes
Oak Fern Gymnocarpiumdryopteris
3-14inches
M Sh Spreadswell byrhizomes;welldrained,acidic soil
OregonWoodsia;Western CliffFern
Woodsiaoregana
To 7.5inches
D PS Rocky soil;dry cliffs;rockyslopes;clusters ofleaves
Parsley Fern,Rockbreak
Cryptogrammaacrostichoides
4-12inches
M S Open, welldrained,rocky sitesparsley-likeleaf clusters;evergreen
Sword Fern,Common
Polystichummunitum
2-4feet
D/M Sh InteriorRainForest
Rich soil;largeclumps ofleathery,deep greenfronds
GRASSES, RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDSCheck with local veterinarians for appropriate species where livestock may graze.
CommonName
Scientific Name
Height
Bloom Moisture
Light
Arboretum
Notes
Alkalibluegrass
Poa juncifolia; P.secunda ssp.Juncifolia
Common atlow to midelevations inalkalinemeadows,grasslandsand dry openforests
Alpine Poa alpine High
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bluegrass elevations inmeadows,disturbed sitesand rockyslopes
Americansloughgrass
Beckmanniasyzigachne
Cool seasonannual or shortlived perennialgrasscommonlyfound inshallowmarshes orsloughs.Frequentlycolonizesdenudedwetland soilsresulting frommud flatexposure.Seed unitsprovide foodfor migratorywaterfowl.
Blue-BunchWheatgrass
Pseudoregneriaspicata
2-3feet
D S Perennialbunch grass,leaves hairyabove; doughttolerant
Blue Wildrye
Elymus glaucus
2-3feet
June-Aug
M/D S Meadow Blue-greenblades in smallclumps;deciduousforest; wildlifeforage
Bulrush,Hardstem
Scirpus acutus 2-10feet
June-Sept
W S Grayish-brownspiklets andstems;rhizomes;grows in water
Bulrush,Small-flowered
Scirpusmicrocarpus
To 4feet
LateSummer
W S Wetland - rootsneed to be inwater;triangularstems; foragefor waterfowl
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Bulrush,Softstem
Schoenoplectustabernaemontani
2-4feet
LateSummer
W S Wetland - rootsneed to be inwater;triangularstems; foragefor waterfowl
Cattail,Common
Typha latifolia Stemsto 6feet
June-Aug
W S Riparian Organic soil bylakes andstreams;rhizomes;blossomsbecomecottony whenmature;invasive; waterpurifier
Columbiabrome
Bromus vulgaris
Similar andcommon
Commonsweetgrass
Hierochloeodorata
(Name variesin U.S.; growsin all Canadianprovinces) lowto highelevations inwetlands
Cusick'sbluegrass
Poa cusickii Widespead atlow to highelevations ingrasslandsand alpinemeadows
Fringedbrome
Bromus ciliatus Loosly tuftedperennialcommon in midto subalpinemoist forestsand wetlands
Hairbentgrass(Ticklegrass)
Agrostis scabra Densley tuftedperennialcommon at lowto midelevations inmeadows,forestopenings anddisturbed sites
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IdahoFescue
Festucaidahoensis
1-3feet
D/M S/PS
Meadow Bluish-green,densely tuftedbunchgrass;cool, welldrained soil
Needle-and-thread grass
Stipa comata Tuftedperennialbunchgrass,common at lowto midelevations ingrasslandsand on southfacing slopesin dry forestopenings(good foragebefore sharpseeds form)
Noddingtrisetum
Trisetumcemuum
Moist forests,clearings andstream banksfrom low tosubalpineelevations
Noddingwood-reed
Cinna latifolia Increases"tremendously"on moistdisturbed sites.Moist forests,low to midelevations
Nuttall'salkaligrass
Puccinellianuttaliana
Wetlands, lowto midelevation, oftenwhere alkaline.Forage
Pinegrass Calamagrostisrubescens
2-3feet
June-Aug
D S/PS
Yellow-greento purple seedheads; dryconiferousforests;rhizomes
Pumpellybrome
Bromus inermisssp.Pumpellanus
Rhizomatous,sod formingperennial;scattered atlow to
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subalpineelevations ongrassy slopesand edge ofdry forests (notBonner Countybut inShoshoneCounty)
Roughfescue
Festucacampestris;Festrucascabrella
Var. majorcommon at lowto midelevations indry to moistforests andgrasslands(county levelnot avail onUSDA)
Rough-leavedricegrass
Oryzopsisasperifolia
Prostrate orspreadingstems, low tomid elevationsin dry to moistforestopenings andclearings
Sandbergbluegrass
Poa secunda; P.sandbergii; Poasecunda
J. Preslwidespread atlow to midelevations onwell drainedsoils; commonin lowelevationgrasslands
Sedge,Beaked
Carex rostrata 6-45inches
W S Large clumps;rhizomes; wetfeet
Sedge,Water
Carex aquatilis 3 feet W S/PS
Forms a densesod; rhizomes;wet feet
Spiketrisetum
Trisetumspicatum
Perennialbunchgrass,open dry sitesat low to highelevations
Spikerush, Eleocharis 4-50 M/W S Round stems;
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Creeping palustris inches
rhizomes;alkaline soil;forms densestands; tufted;wet feet
Spreadingneedlegrass
Stiparichardsonii
Tuftedperennialcommon at lowto midelevations ingrasslandsand forestopenings oftenforming solidstands at forestedges
Squirreltailgrass
Elymuselymoides;Sitanion hystrix
Scattered indry to moistsites in openforests andgrasslands, allelevations(KootenaiCounty andothers south)
Stiffneedlegrass
occidentalis;Achnatherumoccidentale
Dry areas, lowto midelevations,open forests,ridges,grasslands(distribution onUSDA in Idahounconfirmed)
Timberoatgrass
Danthoniaintermedia
Mid to highelevations,grasslands,meadows,wetlands andopen forests
TuftedHairgrass
Deschampsiacespitosa
11/2-2
feet
Spring-Summer
D/M S/PS
Riparian Showy plumesin late summerand fall; denseclumps;reseeds; deerresistant
Westernfescue
Festucaoccidentalis
Widespreadand common
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at low to midelevations indry to moistforests andclearings
GROUND COVER
CommonName
ScientificName
Height
Bloom
Moisture
Light
Arboretum
Notes
Blackberry,Dewberry
Rubus ursinus
2-3inches
June D/M S White flowers;ground huggingtrailing shrub;edible berries;prickles
Bunchberry
Comuscanadensis
2-8inches
Spring
M PS MoistForest
White flowers;bright redberries;evergreen; coolacidic soils;spreads byrhizomes
Ginger,Wild
Asarumcaudatum
2-4inches
Apr-July
M Sh MoistForest
Hidden maroonflowers; fragrant;moist, rich,organic soil
Kinnikinnick
Arctostaphylosuva-ursi
6-10inches
D S/PS Paths Urn-shaped pinkflowers, redberries;evergreen
OregonGrape,Creeping
Mahoniarepens
6-2inches
Apr-June
D/M S Path Yellow flowerclusters; blueberries; redleaves in fall;evergreen
Pussytoes,Rosy
Antennariamicrophylla
2-18inches
June-Aug
M PS Subalpine Pink/whiteflowers in tightheads; gray-green leavesform mats; moistforest
Pussytoes,Woods
Antennariaracemosa
4-24inches
May-Aug
D/M PS/Sh
White flowers;gray-greenleaves form amat; rhizomes
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Self-Heal,Heal-All
Prunellavulgaris
4-20inches
May-Sept
M PS/Sh
Pink to purpleflowers in adense head onshort stems;spreads
Strawberry,Wild
Fragariavirginiana andF. vesca
2-6inches
May-Aug
D/M Sh/PS
White flowers;tasty, edible fruit;spreads easilyby runners
Sweet-scentedbedstraw
Galiumtriflorum
1-4inches
PS Lowsubalpine
Vanillafragrance; smallflowers
Twinflower Linnaeaborealis
4inches
June-Sept
M S/PS MoistForest
Trumpet-likenodding pinkflowers; fragrant;organic soil
VINES
CommonName
ScientificName
Height
Bloom
Moisture
Light
Arboretum
Notes
Clematis,WesternVirgin'sBower
Clematiscolumbiana
2-15feet
long
May-July
M Sh MoistForest
Blue to lavenderflowers; feathery,plumed seedpods; plant seedin fall
Clematis,White Virgin'sBower
Clematisligusticifolia
Up to60 feetlong
May-Aug
D/M S/PS
Dry Rock Cream coloredopen flowerclusters; silveryplumed seedpods; woody vine;well drained soil
Honeysuckle,Orange
Loniceraciliosa
6-18feet
May-July
D/M PS Arbor Orange-yellowflowers; climbs;orange-red berries
Peavine,Creamy
Lathyrusochroleucus
12-40inches
May-July
M/D S/PS
Cream coloredflowers; rhizomes;rocky, openforests; fixesnitrogen;deciduous
PART II - ADDITIONAL PLANT LIST
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Nonnative plants considered beneficial because they are: noninvasive, low water users, locally available and use no or low insecticides or pesticides Codes:Soil - D = dry; M = moist; W = wetLight - S = sun; PS = part sun or shade; Sh = Shade
*Keep away from sewer and septic lines
TREES
Common Name Scientific Name Height
Bloom
Moisture
Light
Arboretum
Notes
Arborvitae
Austrian Pine Pinus nigra
Bristlecone Pine Pinus aristata
Burr oak Quercusmacrocarpa
Colorado bluespruce
Picea pungens
Commonhackberry
Celtis occidentalis
Gingko tree Gingko biloba
Goldenrain Tree Koelreuteriapaniculata
Green Ash Fraxinuspennsylvanica
Hawthorn Crataegusdouglasii
Limber Pine Pinus flexilis
NarrowleafCottonwood
Populusangustifolia
Oak Quercus sp.
Parrotia Parrotia persica
Plains Cottonwood
P. deltoides
Red Maple Acer rubrum
Scotch Pine Pinus sylvestris
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SHRUBS
Common Name Scientific Name Height
Bloom
Moisture
Light
Aboretum
Notes
American CranberryBush
Viburnum sp.
American Plum Prunus americana
Blue Mist Caryopteris sp.
Chokeberry Aronia sp
Common juniper Juniperuscommunis
Common lilac Syringa vulgaris
Fothergilla Fothergilla sp.
Juniper Juniperus sp.
Oakleaf sumac Rhus trilobata
Pine Pine sp.
Redstem ceanothos Ceanothussanguinus
Shrubby cinquefoil Dasiphorafloribunda
Silver buffalo berry Sheperdiaargentea
Staghorn sumac Rhus typhina
Virginia Sweetspire Itea virginica
Western sandcherry Prunus pumila
PERENNIALS
Common Name Scientific Name Height
Bloom
Moisture
Light
Aboretum
Notes
American vetch Vicia americana
Beardtongue Penstemon sp.
Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia fulgida
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Blanket Flower Gaillardiagrandiflora
Blazing Star Liatrus sp.
Bluestar Amsonia sp.
Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberose
Coastal strawberry
Fragaria chiloensis
Cone Flower Echinacea
Hyssop Agastache rupestris
Indian paintbrush Castillejaangustifolia
Larkspur Delphinium sp.
Lupine Lupinus sp.
Maximilian'sSunflower
Helianthusmaximiliana
Oregon Iris Iris tenax
Prairie Coneflower
Ratibidacolumnifera
Yarrow Achillea sp.
Yucca Yucca glauca
GRASSES, RUSHES, SEDGES, REEDSCheck with local veterinarians for appropriate species where livestock may graze.
Common Name Scientific Name Height
Bloom
Moisture
Light
Arboretum
Notes
Baltic Rush Juncus balticus
Beaked Sedge Carex utriculata
Big-leaf Sedge Carex amplifolia
Common or SoftRush
Juncus effusus
Green needle grass
Nassella viridula
Hard Fescue Festuca
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trachyphylla
Inflated Sedge Carex vesicaria
Jointed Rush Juncus articulatis
Nebraska Sedge Carexnebraskensis
Prairie june grass Koeleriamacrantha
Sheep fescue Festuca ovina
Small-wingedSedge
Carex microptera
Softstem Bulrush Scirpus validus
Thickspikewheatgrass
Elmus lanceolatus
Three-squareBulrush
Scirpus pungens
Westernwheatgrass
Pascopyrumsmithii
Woolgrass Scirpus cyperinus
Wooly sedge Carex lanuginosa
(Ord. 501, 11-18-2008)