APPENDIX H SOIL SURVEY REPORT - Major Projects

Environmental Impact Statement Currawarra Solar Farm

17-099 V1 H-i

APPENDIX H SOIL SURVEY REPORT

DM McMahon Pty Ltd 4a Norton St (PO Box 6118) Wagga Wagga NSW 2650 t (02) 6931 0510 www.dmmcmahon.com.au

SOIL SURVEY REPORT CURRAWARRA SOLAR FARM July 2017

Soil Survey Report: Currawarra Solar Farm

DM McMahon Pty Ltd – July 2017 Page 2 of 27

SOIL SURVEY REPORT CURRAWARRA SOLAR FARM July 2017 0BProject brief At the request of Raphael Morgan of NGH Environmental Pty Ltd, soil sampling, analysis and reporting was carried out to assess the site on 26 July 2017. The document provides information about the site and soil conditions from field observations and laboratory analysis.

Site identification

Address: 1385 Mayrung Road, Mayrung NSW 2710 Real property description: Lot 109 DP756305, Lot 110 DP756305, Lot 106 DP756305, Lot 28 DP756344, Lot 30 DP756344 and Lot 40 DP756344. Centre co-ordinate: 341090 6076010 MGA GDA z55 Property size: approx. 750ha Owner: c/o NGH Environmental Pty Ltd Local Council Area: Edward River Council Present use: Agriculture Development Application Reference: not known Report identification: 4592-Currawarra Certification Name Signed Date Revision

Number

David McMahon BAppSc GradDip WRM ASSSI

31/08/17 1



Contents 0BPROJECT BRIEF ...................................................................................................................... 2

SITE IDENTIFICATION ............................................................................................................. 2

1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 5

2.0 SITE CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................. 5

2.1 Topography ...................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Vegetation ........................................................................................................ 5

2.3 Weather ........................................................................................................... 5

2.4 Hydrology ......................................................................................................... 5

2.5 Soil & Landform ................................................................................................ 6

2.6 Lithology and Geology ...................................................................................... 7

2.7 Hydrogeology ................................................................................................... 7

3.0 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION SCOPE OF WORKS ................................................. 7

4.0 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................ 8

4.1 Field Survey ..................................................................................................... 8

4.2 Typical Soil Profiles .......................................................................................... 9

4.2.1 Chromosols ......................................................................................................... 9

4.2.2 Rudosols ............................................................................................................. 9

4.2.3 Vertosols ........................................................................................................... 10

4.4 Laboratory Analysis ........................................................................................ 11

4.4.1 Topsoil Analysis .......................................................................................... 11

4.4.1.1 pH & Electrical Conductivity ........................................................................... 11

4.4.1.2 Cation Exchange Capacity & Exchangeable Sodium Percentage .................. 11

4.4.1.3 Colwell Phosphorus and Phosphorus Buffering Index .................................... 11

4.4.1.4 Calcium:Magnesium Ratio ............................................................................. 11

4.4.2 Subsoil Analysis .......................................................................................... 11

4.4.2.1 pH & Electrical Conductivity ........................................................................... 11

4.4.2.2 Dispersion ...................................................................................................... 11

5.0 SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS ...................................................................................... 12

6.0 COMMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS....................................................................... 14

6.1 Potential Limitations ....................................................................................... 14

6.2 Erosion Control .............................................................................................. 15

6.3 Acid Sulfate Soils ........................................................................................... 16

6.4 Potential Impacts on Salinity, Groundwater Resources and Hydrology ........... 16

6.5 Soil Characteristics and Management Responses.......................................... 17

6.5.1 Vertosols ........................................................................................................... 17

6.5.2 Chromosols ....................................................................................................... 20

6.5.3 Rudosols ........................................................................................................... 23



7.0 NOTES RELATING TO RESULTS ................................................................................... 25

8.0 DISCLAIMER ..................................................................................................................... 26

9.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 26

10.0 ATTACHMENTS .............................................................................................................. 27

List of Figures

Figure 1: Soil survey investigation pit locations. .................................................................. 8

Figure 2: Hypocalcic Chromosol ......................................................................................... 9

Figure 3: Arenic Rudosol ................................................................................................... 10

Figure 4: Brown Epipedal Vertosol .................................................................................... 10

Figure 5: Black Self-Mulching Vertosol .............................................................................. 10

Figure 6: Colleambally Soil Landscape Map with site overlay. .......................................... 14

Figure 7: Wait-A-While Soil Landscape with site overlay ................................................... 15

List of Tables Table 1: Scope of Works ..................................................................................................... 7

Table 2: Topsoils - Results of laboratory testing. ............................................................... 12

Table 3: Topsoil/Subsoils - Results of laboratory testing. .................................................. 13

Table 4: Potential landscape limitation assessment .......................................................... 14



1.0 Introduction The report presents the results of a soil survey carried out by DM McMahon Pty Ltd (McMahon) for the proposed Currawarra Solar Farm near Mayrung, NSW. The soil and land survey work was commissioned by Raphael Morgan of NGH Environmental Pty Ltd and was undertaken in general accordance with an email dated 23 June 2017. The survey was carried out utilising an excavator to excavate soil pits for evaluation to a depth of approximately 1.5m. Alex Rudd of DM McMahon Pty Ltd conducted a free soil survey on 26th July 2017 using standard soil surveying techniques. Sampling and classification of in situ soils was carried out as per the Australian Soil and Land Survey Field Handbook (2009) and The Australian Soil Classification (Isbell, 1996). Density of investigation pits was determined via Guidelines for Surveying Soil and Land Resources (2008) where selection of a ‘Moderately High (Detailed)’ intensity level was deemed appropriate for satisfying the objectives for detailed project planning.

2.0 Site Characteristics A brief desktop review and investigation of the topography, hydrology, soil, lithology, geology and hydrogeology of the site has been undertaken and are as follows: 2.1 Topography

The Conargo 1:50,000 Topographic map sheet (7927-S) indicates that the site is located at an elevation of approximately 98m AHD. The site slope is classed as level and the landform is a flat. 2.2 Vegetation

The site is used for agricultural production, predominantly irrigated cropping with improved pastures. Remnant vegetation consists of eucalypt communities and White Cypress with Buloke. A more detailed assessment of vegetation present can be seen in NGH Environmental scoping report. 2.3 Weather

The mean rainfall for Deniliquin is approximately 375mm per annum, with the wettest months being September, October and November. Annual mean evapotranspiration range is 400-500mm. Annual pan evaporation range is 1600-1800mm. Deniliquin is characterised by cold wet winters and hot dry summers with mean maximum temperatures ranging from 14.2 ºC in July to 33.1 ºC in January and mean minimum temperatures ranging from 3.4 ºC in July to 16.6 ºC in January. Historical records obtained from years 1997 to current, Deniliquin Airport AWS 074258 (www.bom.gov.au). 2.4 Hydrology

The site is located on plains in the Murray River system catchment area. Natural watercourses have been extensively modified and altered with the introduction of irrigation and drainage channels. These channels include gravity-fed irrigation channels managed by



Murray Irrigation Limited and privately constructed irrigation and drainage channels. Run-off of surface waters from precipitation is unlikely, this can be attributed to the construction of flood irrigation banks on relatively impermeable vertosols and the relatively higher permeability of associated Chromosols and Rudosols.

2.5 Soil & Landform

The site encompasses two soil landscapes coded wal and clo from the Soil and Land Resources of Central and Eastern NSW (OEH, 2017). A brief description of the soil landscapes are as follows:

wal – Wait-A-While – Stagnant Alluvial

Landscape Broad level plain on alluvium, comprising the easternmost of the three extensive Riverine plains soil landscapes; to the west, with decreasing rainfall, grades into Jerilderie (jex) soil landscape. Slopes <1%, local relief <9m, elevation 90-180m. Includes sparse narrow linear drainage lines. Gilgais occur locally.

Soils: Red and Brown Sub-plastic Chromosols and Sodosols (Red-brown Earths/transitional Red-brown Earths), with less common Reddish Brown Chromosol/Vertosols (transitional Red-brown Earths/Brown Podzolic soils) and Grey and Brown Self Mulching and Epipedal Vertosols (Cracking Grey and Brown Clays).

Geology and Regolith:

Cainozoic/Quaternary Alluvium of the Shepparton formation (Czsws) on the Riverine Plains. Parent materials include clays, silts and sands from various past flow regimes of the Murray and Murrumbidgee Rivers and their associated palaeochannels.

clo – Colleambally - Aeolian

Landscape: Undulating sandplain derived from reworked alluvium. Sand Ridges and swales. Prior stream aeolian infills. Slopes 1-5%, local relief <5m, elevation 70-140m. Extensively cleared box-cypress grassy woodland.

Soils: Arenic Rudosols (Siliceous Sands) dominate this unit, occasionally grading to Red Kandosols (Red Earths). Adjacent levees/lower slopes commonly support scalded Red and Brown Sodosols (Solodic Soils/Re/Brown Earths). Occasionally confined within the unit are low lying channels containing Grey and Brown Vertosols (cracking clays).

Geology and Regolith:

Reworked materials from unnamed Cainozoic Alluvium (Cza). Thermoluminescence Dating (Page et al. 1996) estimated the ages of prior streams and these ridges – the streams were active during periods 30-100 thousand years ago; the ridges were therefore formed after.

The site lies within the mapping unit Oc3 from the Digital Atlas of Australian Soils (CSIRO, 1991). The map unit Oc3 is described as: "Oc3" "Plains with domes, lunettes, and swampy depressions, and divided by continuous or discontinuous low river ridges associated with prior stream systems--the whole traversed by present stream valleys; layered soil or sedimentary materials common at fairly shallow depths: chief soils are hard alkaline red soils (Dr2.33), grey and brown cracking clays, commonly (Ug5.24) and (Ug5.35), and other (D) soils in a complex soil pattern with the following general features: (i) well-drained to moderately drained plains of (Dr2.33) with



(Db1.33 and Db1.43), often with thin A horizons (<4 in. thick); (ii) moderately to poorly drained gilgai plains subject to some seasonal flooding of (Ug5.3), (Dr2.33), (Db1.43), (Dy2.33 and Dy2.43), and (Ug5.2) soils; (iii) poorly drained gilgai plains subject to frequent seasonal flooding of (Ug5.2), (Ug5.3), (Db1.43), (Dy2.43), (Dd1.33 and Dd1.43), and (Ug5.4) soils; (iv) swampy depressions of (Dd1.33 and Dd1.43), (Db1.43), (Dy2.43), (Dy3.43), and (Ug5) soils; (v) domes and/or lu.

2.6 Lithology and Geology

The site geology is distributed over one unit: Unconsolidated Quaternary alluvium.

2.7 Hydrogeology

From the Geoscience Australia hydrogeology dataset, the groundwaters beneath the site are described as porous extensive aquifers of low to moderate productivity.

3.0 Geotechnical Investigation Scope of Works The specifications for the geotechnical investigation and soil survey are as follows: Table 1: Scope of Works

Item Description Description 1. Where available, review plans and other

general related documents provided to us to gain a comprehensive understanding of the proposed project.

-

2. Undertake a desktop study of local landform, geological, lithological & hydrogeological conditions.

-

3. Conduct Dial Before You Dig search -

4. Carry out field investigations by reference to Guidelines for Surveying Soil and Land Resources (2008) & AS1726:1993 Geotechnical Site Investigations.

24 pits in total. Samples of topsoils, B, B/C and C horizons taken where present in order to adequately classify soils as per ASC 1996.

5. Analyse soils in situ and at our NATA accredited laboratory to AS/RMS methods.

9 x Representative samples for topsoil analysis – NPKS, CEC, pH, EC & OC 44 x Representative samples for subsoil analysis – pH, EC, dispersion

6. Generate laboratory reports and review results.

-

7. Compile results in report detailing methodology, desktop study, physical conditions, field work results, test locations, bore logs, in-situ test results, laboratory results and discussion.

-

8. Recommendations for erosion control and prevention measures and management recommendations for earthworks.

-



As follows is a map of the investigated site and investigation pit locations.

Figure 1: Soil survey investigation pit locations. 4.0 Results 4.1 Field Survey

A free soil survey was conducted using standard soil surveying techniques. Sampling and classification of in situ soils was carried out as per the Australian Soil and Land Survey Field Handbook (2009) and The Australian Soil Classification (Isbell, 1996). Density of investigation pits was determined via Guidelines for Surveying Soil and Land Resources (2008) where selection of a ‘Moderately High (Detailed)’ intensity level was deemed appropriate for satisfying the objectives for detailed project planning. Soils encountered were typical of the locale, generally falling into reconnaissance survey classes. Slight variations in profiles exist due to remnant channels and the complex soil sequences that are associated with such. Soil moisture contents varied considerably between soil types but were generally found to be moderately moist to moist at depth. Free groundwater was not encountered to the investigated depths.



4.2 Typical Soil Profiles

Soils can be classified into three typical soil profiles across the site as per the Australian Soil Classification system (Isbell, 1996). Representative photographs from profiles examined on site can be seen below with a brief description of the profile characteristics. All soil pits investigated were located on managed agricultural lands. Field soil log sheets can be seen attached. 4.2.1 Chromosols

Chromosols have a strong texture contrast between A and B horizons. There is a clear or abrupt textural B horizon in which the upper portion of the horizon (0.2m) is not strongly acid and not sodic. These soils are the most commonly encountered soils under agricultural use in Australia. Chromosols found within the investigated area can be divided into suborders based on the dominant colour class of the upper B2 horizon. Soils on site have been classed as Red and Brown Hypocalcic Chromosols. Hypocalcic Chromosols are those which exhibit a calcareous horizon which exhibit the carbonate is evident as only slight to moderate effervescence (1M HCl), and/or contain less than 2% soft finely divided carbonate, and have less than 20% hard carbonate nodules or concretions. The calcareous horizon described was typically found between 0.5 and 0.9m depth and can be seen between 0.7m and 0.9m in figure 2. 4.2.2 Rudosols

Rudosols have negligible to poor pedologic organisation apart from minimal development in the A Horizon. There is typically minimal to no colour or textural change throughout the profile with the exception of stratification and buried horizons. Soils encountered in pits 13 and 14 are classified as Arenic Rudosols. Arenic Rudosols are non-gravelly throughout the upper 0.5m of profile and are either loose or only weakly coherent when moist and dry, and the texture is sandy. There was no pedologic development throughout the solum and little pedologic organisation in the A1 horizon. The profile typically consisted of a shallow A horizon underlain by a massive Red Fine Sand B Horizon. Stratification to yellow coarse sandy soil was evident at approximately 1.5m depth. Calcareous coarse (6-20mm) tubule segregations were common below 1.5m. See figure 3.

Figure 2: Hypocalcic Chromosol



4.2.3 Vertosols

Soils with shrink swell properties that exhibit strong cracking upon wetting and drying cycles, typically having a field texture containing 35% or more clay content throughout the solum. Strong cracking can occur at depth, extending to the surface or a confining pan, or from the surface to final depth of the self-mulching layer. Vertosols present on site were either Brown or Black Epipedal or Self-Mulching Vertosols. Slickensides and/or Gilgai micro-relief were not observed during the investigation. It should be noted that due to the moisture content of the profile at depth, smearing of the pit sidewalls can mask the presence of slickensides that would otherwise be evident. Also, any alteration of self-mulching clays to favour flood irrigation and rice production would temporarily mask evidence of micro-relief at the surface level. Figures 4 and 5.

Figure 3: Arenic Rudosol Figure 4: Brown Epipedal Vertosol

Figure 5: Black Self-Mulching Vertosol

4.4 Laboratory Analysis

Nine representative topsoil samples were obtained and analysed at a NATA accredited laboratory for the establishment of baseline soil data that may be referred to and used in preparation of a site decommissioning plan. Laboratory COA’s can be found in the attachments and soil parameters can be seen summarised in table 2. 22 subsoil samples were also analysed for pH, EC and 72 samples tested for dispersion (table 3). 4.4.1 Topsoil Analysis

4.4.1.1 pH & Electrical Conductivity

Topsoil pH ranged from 5.2 to 7.6 and can be classed as ‘Strongly Acid’ to ‘Mildly Alkaline’ respectively (Bruce & Rayment, 1982). Electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 400 – 1000µS/cm and are rated ‘non-saline’ to ‘slightly saline’ (Richards, 1954). 4.4.1.2 Cation Exchange Capacity & Exchangeable Sodium Percentage

Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) ranges from 5.8 to 16.3cmol(+)/kg. CEC of the soils is rated by Metson, (1961) from low (6-12) to moderate (12-25). Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) ranges from 0.5 to 9.8% which is given a sodicity rating of ‘non-sodic’ (0-6) to ‘marginally sodic to sodic’ (6-14), Hazelton & Murphy, 2007. 4.4.1.3 Colwell Phosphorus and Phosphorus Buffering Index

Colwell P varies greatly between topsoils; from low (<20mg/kg) to high (>35mg/kg). Phosphorus Buffering Index (PBI) ranged from 21 to 130 and is classed from ‘very low to ‘moderate’ (Burkitt et al., 2002). 4.4.1.4 Calcium:Magnesium Ratio

Ca:Mg ratio should be at least 2:1. Higher calcium contents are manageable however higher magnesium content may result in soil dispersion. Ca:Mg determined for topsoils returned results ranging from 0.9 to 3.0, indicating that there is potential for dispersion of topsoils upon wetting. 4.4.2 Subsoil Analysis

4.4.2.1 pH & Electrical Conductivity

Subsoil pH ranged from 7.4 to 9.3 and can be classed as ‘Mildly Alkaline’ to ‘Very Strongly Alkaline’ (Bruce & Rayment, 1982). EC ranged from 83 - 4130µS/cm and are rated as ‘non-saline’ to ‘moderately saline’ (Richards, 1954). 4.4.2.2 Dispersion

Field determination of dispersion indicated that the majority of soils are unlikely to be sodic. Where partial dispersion was observed soils may be sodic. (Hazelton & Murphy, 2007).

5.0 Summary of Test Results Table 2: Topsoils - Results of laboratory testing.

Pit/S

ampl

e

Hor

izon

pH (1

:5 W

ater

)

pH (1

:5 C

aCl2

)

Elec

trica

l Con

duct

ivity

Chl

orid

e

Org

anic

Car

bon

Org

anic

Mat

ter

Nitr

ate

Nitr

ogen

Amm

oniu

m N

itrog

en

Col

wel

l P

PBI

Sulp

hur –

KC

l40

CEC

Cal

cium

Mag

nesi

um

Sodi

um

Pota

ssiu

m

Avai

labl

e Po

tass

ium

Alum

iniu

m

Alum

iniu

m %

of C

atio

ns

Cal

cium

% o

f Cat

ions

Mag

nesi

um %

of C

atio

ns

Sodi

um %

of C

atio

ns

Pota

ssiu

m %

of C

atio

ns

Ca/

Mg

Rat

io

Uni

ts

- - -

µS/c

m

mg/

kg

%

%

mg/

kg

mg/

kg

mg/

kg

-

mg/

kg

cmol

(+)/k

g

cmol

(+)/k

g

cmol

(+)/k

g

cmol

(+)/k

g

cmol

(+)/k

g

mg/

kg

Cm

ol(+

)/kg

%

%

%

%

% -

2/1 A 6.3 5.3 1000 24 1.4 2.4 11 1 95 37 5 7.4 3.7 2.5 0.33 0.89 350 <0.1 <1.0 50.0 33.0 4.50 12 1.5

5/1 A 6.6 5.2 400 <10 0.6 1.0 6 1 18 38 3 6.2 2.9 2.2 0.17 0.92 360 <0.1 <1.0 47.0 36.0 2.80 15 1.3

9/1 A 7.1 5.5 400 19 0.8 1.3 1 <1 13 49 2 6.1 3.3 2.1 0.54 0.14 53 <0.1 <1.0 54.0 35.0 8.90 2.3 1.6

14/1 A 8.2 7.6 1000 <10 0.4 0.6 1 <1 27 21 7 5.8 4.2 1.3 0.03 0.30 120 <0.1 <1.0 72.0 22.0 0.54 5.2 3.2

16/1 A 7.0 5.8 400 <10 0.8 1.4 1 <1 20 25 3 6.0 3.3 2.0 0.12 0.54 210 <0.1 <1.0 55.0 33.0 2.00 9.0 1.7

18/1 A 7.7 6.3 900 19 0.8 1.3 <1 1 20 130 5 16.3 6.8 7.3 1.60 0.55 220 <0.1 <1.0 42.0 45.0 10.0 3.4 0.9

19/1 A 6.5 5.5 600 <10 1.2 2.1 9 1 64 82 2 7.0 4.5 1.5 0.07 0.97 380 <0.1 <1.0 64.0 21.0 0.99 14 3.0

20/1 A 7.4 5.9 600 20 0.9 1.5 3 <1 26 77 1 9.8 5.8 2.6 0.75 0.56 220 <0.1 <1.0 60.0 27.0 7.70 5.8 2.2

24/1 A 6.9 5.8 500 24 0.8 1.4 1 <1 29 55 1 6.0 3.5 1.7 0.26 0.58 230 <0.1 <1.0 58.0 28.0 4.40 9.8 2.1



Table 3: Topsoil/Subsoils - Results of laboratory testing. Pi

t/Sam

ple

Hor

izon

pH (C

aCl2

)

Elec

trica

l C

ondu

ctiv

ity

D

ispe

rsio

n

Pit/S

ampl

e

Hor

izon

pH (C

aCl2

)

Elec

trica

l C

ondu

ctiv

ity

Dis

pers

ion

Pit/S

ampl

e

Hor

izon

pH (C

aCl2

)

Elec

trica

l C

ondu

ctiv

ity

Dis

pers

ion

Pit/S

ampl

e

Hor

izon

pH (C

aCl2

)

Elec

trica

l C

ondu

ctiv

ity

Dis

pers

ion

Uni

ts

- -

µS/c

m

-

Uni

ts

- -

µS/c

m

-

Uni

ts

- -

µS/c

m

-

Uni

ts

- -

µS/c

m

-

1/1 A - - N 7/1 A - - N 13/1 A - - N 19/1 A 5.5 600 N

1/2 B 7.4 223 P 7/2 B 8.5 190 N 13/2 B 8.6 83 N 19/2 B 8.6 155 N

1/4 B/C 8.9 1120 N 7/3 B 8.5 430 N 13/3 C 9.3 196 N 19/3 B 9.1 706 N

2/1 A 5.3 100 N 8/1 A - - N 14/1 A 7.6 1000 N 20/1 A 5.9 600 N

2/2 B - - N 8/2 B - - N 14/2 B - - P 20/2 B - - N

2/3 B - - N 8/3 B - - N 14/3 B - - N 20/3 B - - N

3/1 A - - N 9/1 A 5.5 400 N 15/1 A - - N 21/1 A - - N

3/2 B - - N 9/2 B 8.0 184 N 15/2 B 8.1 108 N 21/2 B 7.9 284 N

3/3 B - - N 9/3 B/C 8.5 515 N 15/3 B 8.8 271 N 21/3 B 8.5 701 N

4/1 A - - N 10/1 A - - N 16/1 A 5.8 400 N 22/1 A - - N

4/2 B 8.0 192 N 10/2 B 8.4 290 N 16/2 B - - N 22/2 B - - N

4/3 B 9.2 380 N 10/3 B/C 8.5 549 N 16/3 B - - N 22/3 B - - N

5/1 A 5.2 400 N 11/1 A - - N 17/1 A - - N 23/1 A - - N

5/2 B - - N 11/2 B - - N 17/2 B 8.8 420 N 23/2 B 8.0 127 N

5/3 B/C - - N 11/3 B - - N 17/3 B 7.9 4130 N 23/3 B/C 8.7 285 N

6/1 A - - N 12/1 A - - N 18/1 A 6.3 900 N 24/1 A 5.8 500 N

6/2 B - - N 12/2 B - - N 18/2 B - - N 24/2 B - - N

6/3 B - - N 12/3 B - - N 18/3 B - - N 24/3 B/C - - N

• Dispersion testing results were rated N, P or C being Nil, Partial or Complete dispersion.

6.0 Comments and Recommendations The discussion and recommendations provided below are based on field observations and testing at discrete locations. 6.1 Potential Limitations

Potential landscape limitations have been summarised in table 4 below. Table 4: Potential landscape limitation assessment

Soil Type Erosion Hazard

Salinity Risk

Acid Soil

Waterlogging Risk

Acid Sulfate Soils

Infrastructure

Chromosol MODERATE MODERATE NO MODERATE NO LOW

Rudosol LOW LOW NO LOW NO LOW

Vertosol LOW LOW NO HIGH NO MODERATE

As follows (figures 6 & 7) is the soil landscape map (OEH, 2017) that has been generally validated by the soil survey through laboratory and field techniques. As such, management practices can be grouped into management classes of either soil landscape units or Australian Soil Classification units. This report identifies management practices for ASC units in section 6.5 below.

Figure 6: Colleambally Soil Landscape Map with site overlay.



Figure 7: Wait-A-While Soil Landscape with site overlay

6.2 Erosion Control

In order to mitigate the occurrence of erosion the following primary principles should be adhered to, particularly throughout the construction period of the project. Best Management Practices (BMP’s) should be employed where applicable to further reduce the risk of potential erosion and sediment control.

• Integrate project design with any site constraints.

• Preserve and stabilise drainageways. • Minimise the extent and duration of

disturbance. • Control stormwater flows onto,

through and from the site in stable drainage structures.

• Install perimeter controls. • Stabilise disturbed areas promptly. • Protect steep slopes.

• Employ the use of sediment control measures to prevent off and on-site damage.

• Protect inlets, storm drain outlets and culverts.

• Provide access and general construction controls.

• Inspect and maintain sediment and erosion control measures regularly.

The risk of erosion on site due to construction activities is considered low due to the very low relief and generally low salinity and sodicity of topsoils. Some localised subsoils have a moderately high ESP and/or Ca:Mg ratio and are therefore susceptible to dispersion and consequently erosion if exposed. Excavation of subsoils should be limited where possible, and excavated subsoils should be stockpiled and contained to avoid dispersion and sediment transfer. Ground cover around the structures should be maintained where possible. Maintenance of ground cover will also aid in the prevention of topsoil losses from wind erosion.



Managing Urban Stormwater: Soils and Construction Volume 1 (Landcom, 2004) and Volume 2A & 2C (DECC, 2008) should be consulted further in the development an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP). 6.3 Acid Sulfate Soils

Acid sulphate soils is the common name given to naturally occurring soils containing iron sulphides. Exposure of the sulphides present in these soils to oxygen from drainage or excavation will lead to the generation of sulfuric acid. Field pH of these soils in their undisturbed state is generally pH4 or less. Landscape characteristics such as; the dominance of mangroves, reeds, rushes and other marine/estuarine or swamp-tolerant vegetation, low lying areas, back swamps or scalded areas of coastal estuaries and floodplains and sulphurous smell following rain after prolonged dry periods (Stone et al, 1998) after soil disturbance were not observed. There was no evidence of a jarositic horizon or jarosite precipitates or coatings on any root channels or cracks in the soil. From the soil survey conducted, it has been deduced that acid sulfate soils are not present on site. 6.4 Potential Impacts on Salinity, Groundwater Resources and Hydrology

Current operational procedures include irrigation via lateral movement irrigator and flood irrigation for the production of rice. Associated water features include supply and drainage channels, along with a large water storage dam. The proposed development is likely to have a positive effect on the local groundwater table by reducing the amount of irrigation and water influx from sources other than precipitation. Soils on site with an ESP >6% have been identified at investigation pits 9, 18 and 20. These topsoils are classified as ‘mildly sodic to sodic’ and disturbance of these sites and associated areas should be kept to a minimum due to the higher risk of soil degradation. Direction of surface waters and any run-on should avoid these soils particularly as local changes in the water regime are likely to mobilise salts stored in the soil, causing potential surface scalding and salinity related issues. Deep rooted vegetation should be maintained where present and ground clearing should be minimised.



6.5 Soil Characteristics and Management Responses

6.5.1 Vertosols

Soil Pits: 9 and 10.

Soil Property Behaviour of soil to activity or environment

Management responses/measures

Soil Surface These soils generally have a well-structured surface with a surface condition which is self-mulching, cracking, firm and sometimes crusting.

A fine well-structured clay surface generally provides good soil-seed contact, but soil-seed contact may be poor in coarse structured soils (more likely to occur on black or grey clays).

For coarse structured soils, adequate seed bed preparation and rolling (i.e. press wheels or light rollers on seeding equipment) will improve germination. The addition of gypsum and/or composted organic matter is likely to assist with improving surface structure in coarse structured soils.

Infiltration in these soils may initially be rapid particularly if large cracks exist, but once wet infiltration will be slow and surface sealing will result in almost all water running off.

Surface infiltration rate can be increased through the incorporation of organic matter and by maintaining vegetative cover. Be mindful about irrigation rate. Low intensity irrigation will assist deep water penetration and limit surface sealing.

Expansive Clays These soils contain expansive clays and some soils will have very high shrink swell properties.

All these soils contain shrink-swell clays.

Appropriate design is required to avoid damage to infrastructure. Maintaining constant moisture content will limit shrink swell damage. Compaction relief for revegetation may be required when near surface and required for initial establishment. Soil will naturally crack compacted layers on successive drying and wetting cycles.

Clay subsoils These soils may be grouped into, red, brown, grey or black sub groups.

Soils with grey colours generally have imperfect to poor drainage, black colours are slightly better drained while brown and red colours indicate moderate to well drained conditions.

Subsoil drainage will be slow and these soils are generally unsuitable for septic systems, however home sewage treatment systems with adequate area for surface irrigation are suitable.

Depending on landscape position these soils can stay wet for long periods of time.

Appropriate drainage design and materials (i.e. sand and gravel) can improve site access for construction. Water diversion or vegetation may limit waterlogging at some locations.





Dispersion These soils often have dispersive subsoils. Soils formed on dolomite or limestone are usually nondispersive.

Dispersive soils have a high erosion risk.

Do not expose dispersive subsoil or at least minimise exposure e.g. Staging construction disturbance, topsoil replacement and rehabilitation immediately following construction, installation of pipes and culverts for drains and other general earthworks. Gypsum can be used to ameliorate dispersive soils and assist drainage and improve soil structure. Avoid ponding of water. Do not concentrate water flow unless using appropriate treatment measures. Erosion and sediment controls may need to be installed to manage drainage, erosion and prevent movement of sediment off-site.

Salinity These soils can have high salt levels (depending on parent material and landscape practices) particularly on lower slopes.

High salt levels will affect plant growth and will also impact water quality if leached or washed off.

If irrigating salty soils, maintain a leaching profile (i.e. increased irrigation) to reduce salt levels (the salinity management handbook (DERM 2011) contains thresholds for different plants). Treat salty soils as dispersive soils, even if field testing results are negative because salt can mask dispersion

Salt can cause scalding and erosion and damage infrastructure.

Salinity expressions can be managed by reducing water inputs and by increasing soil water usage at the site or upslope if possible. Soil amelioration with gypsum and planting salt tolerant species may assist scald areas.

Fertility These soils are often very fertile.

High clay content and generally high fertility.

Fertiliser additions will generally improve plant growth, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. Fertiliser selection will depend on plant species. Topsoil retention should be maximised through appropriate soil handling practices.





Revegetation These soils crack, are alkaline, moderately to poorly drained with good fertility and high plant available water holding capacity.

Plant species need be selected that are adapted to these unique soil conditions.

Plant selection targeted specifically to shrink-swell soils. Depending on landscape position these soils can stay wet for long periods of time, therefore plants need to be tolerant of these conditions. Low intensity, deep watering will assist full profile wetting and longer interval between irrigations. Fertiliser additions should be applied before and during plant growing periods. Stabilisation and revegetation targets and timeframes should be in accordance with IECA (2008) guidelines.

Soil Handling Some of these soils may have very salty and/or dispersive subsoils.

The objective of soil handling is to minimise off site impacts and maximise the productive capacity of the soil on site consistent with the intended use.

Topsoil stripping should maximise available reserves and should avoid mixing salty and/or sodic subsoils with the topsoil – testing is recommended. Topsoil or subsoil stockpiles should be kept separate. Ensure subsoil is adequately covered with topsoil material. Plant establishment may not be possible in subsoil material alone. Reinstate soil in the order they were removed (ie. deeper subsoil reinstated below upper subsoil) Dispersive materials should be covered with adequate topsoil material to protect from erosion (amelioration with gypsum and/or soil stabilisers may be needed). Install erosion and sediment control structures where soil is exposed. Wet clay soil material is difficult to handle. Traffic movement not recommended when wet.



6.5.2 Chromosols

Soil Pits: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24.



Soil Surface These soils generally have weak structure in the surface with a firm to hard setting surface condition.

A firm to hard setting surface will generally have poor initial infiltration resulting in a large proportion of water running off causing erosion.

Surface infiltration rate can be increased through the incorporation of composted organic matter and by maintaining vegetative cover.

A hard setting surface will also cause poor germination and seedling emergence.

Soil structure and moisture holding capacity can be improved through the incorporation of composted organic matter leading to better seedling establishment.

A sandy to loamy surface with poor structure can have low soil strength causing trafficability issues.

Trafficability of these soils may be difficult when wet, however the use of gravel road surfaces may improve site access.

If sandy to loamy surface soil with poor structure and low soil strength is overworked or excessively trafficked there is a high potential to generate dust.

Limit traffic and do not disturb unless necessary to avoid destruction of the limited soil structure. Construct gravel roads on the site and limit access off these roads. Consider the use of stabilisation products.

Expansive Clays These soils contain little to no expansive clays.

Clay subsoils These soils contain non-sodic, slightly acidic to slightly alkaline clay subsoils that may be mottled.

These soils have imperfect drainage and lower landscape positions can stay wet for extended periods of time. Subsoil permeability is moderate.

Subsoil material is unsuitable for use on the soil surface and should be adequately covered with topsoil. Appropriate drainage design and materials (i.e. sand and gravel) can improve site access for construction. Depending on subsoil structure, plant roots are generally able to extend into the subsoil material without restriction. Gypsum additions can be used to assist structure improvement where required.





Dispersion These soils are generally non-dispersive; however, testing will be needed to confirm.

Although not generally dispersive, these soils are still susceptible to rill, sheet and stream bank erosion.

Maintain cover to reduce sheet and rill erosion. Stream bank erosion managed by maintaining vegetative cover and encouraging plants with fibrous root systems. Do not concentrate water flow unless using appropriate erosion and sediment control treatments. Erosion and sediment controls may need to be installed to manage drainage, erosion and prevent movement of sediment off-site.

Salinity These soils can have high salt levels (depending on parent material and landscape practices) particularly on lower slopes.

High salt levels will affect plant growth and will also impact water quality if leached or washed off.

If irrigating salty soils, maintain a leaching profile to reduce salt levels (salinity management handbook (DERM 2011) contains thresholds for different plants). Treat salty soils as dispersive soils, even if field testing results are negative, because salt can mask dispersion.

Salt can cause scalding, erosion and damage to infrastructure.

Discharge salinity expressions can be managed by reducing water inputs and by increasing soil water use at the site or upslope if possible. Soil amelioration with gypsum and planting salt tolerant species may assist scald areas.

Fertility These soils generally have a low to moderate fertility.

The sandy surface and pale subsurface layers (where present) generally mean that nutrient content is low in these soils, as is their ability to hold onto nutrients.

Fertiliser additions may improve plant growth, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. To limit leaching/loss of nutrients, specific fertiliser rates should be divided up into regular smaller applications during the growing season, rather than one single application. Increasing organic matter content with composted organics will improve the fertility and assist nutrient retention in these soils.





Revegetation These soils are poorly to imperfectly drained with low to moderate fertility, highly alkaline subsoils and low plant available water holding capacity.

Plant species need be selected that are adapted to these conditions.

Addition of gypsum may be required to alleviate dispersion risk. Increasing organic matter content with composted organics will improve fertility, assist nutrient retention and improve moisture holding capacity of these soils. Relieve any compaction present and ensure adequate fertility for quick establishment. These soils will require frequent, low volume watering due to the dense subsoils. Protect surface with mulch material to reduce raindrop induced crusted or hard setting surface. Fertiliser additions should be divided up into regular smaller applications during the growing season to limit leaching of nutrients. Dense subsoil material significantly restricts plant root extension into the subsoil. Stabilisation and revegetation targets and timeframes should be in accordance with IECA (2008) guidelines

Soil Handling Some of these soils have very salty and/ or dispersive subsoils and potentially dusty topsoil.


Topsoil stripping should maximise available reserves and should avoid mixing with alkaline, salty and/or sodic subsoils – a simple survey of the site is recommended. Topsoil and subsoil stockpiles should be kept separate. Reinstate soil in the order they were removed (i.e. deeper subsoil below upper subsoil). Final placement of dispersive materials should be covered with adequate topsoil material to protect from erosion. Installation of erosion and sediment control structures may be required where soil is exposed. Trafficability of these soils may be difficult when wet, the use of gravel road surfaces may improve site access. Minimise the handling of topsoil material and ensure traffic is concentrated on constructed road surfaces.



6.5.3 Rudosols

Soil Pits: 13 and 14.



Soil Surface These soils generally have a loose to firm surface.

Infiltration in these soils is generally rapid, particularly for the sandier soils with very little water running off.

Excessive cultivation or handling of these soils should be avoided. Soil structure and surface infiltration rate can be maintained through the incorporation of composted organic matter and by maintaining vegetative cover. Limit traffic and do not disturb unless necessary to avoid destruction of the soil structure. Construct gravel roads on the site and limit access off these roads.

Expansive Clays These soils contain little to no expansive clays.

Clay subsoils These soils may contain sandy clays in layers in the profile.

Soils with clay layers may have reduced permeability, but generally the soils have highly permeable sand to loam textures throughout.

Dispersion These soils are generally not dispersive.

The low cohesion of these generally sandy soils means they are susceptible to rill, sheet and stream bank erosion.

Maintain vegetative cover to reduce sheet and rill erosion. Stream bank erosion can be managed by maintaining vegetative cover and encouraging plants with fibrous root systems.

Salinity These soils contain very low salt levels.

Low salt levels make them suitable for a wide range of plant types.





Fertility These soils generally have low to moderate fertility.

The generally sandy nature of the soils limits their ability to retain nutrients.

Fertiliser additions will improve plant growth, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. To limit leaching/loss of nutrients, specific fertiliser rates should be divided up into regular smaller applications during the growing season, rather than one single application. Increasing organic matter content with composted organics will improve the fertility and assist nutrient retention in these soils.

Revegetation These soils have dominantly neutral pH, are well drained, moderately fertile and have moderate plant available water holding capacity

Plant species need be selected that are adapted to these conditions

Relieve any compaction present and ensure adequate fertility for rapid establishment. These soils could be watered deeply to encourage deep root growth. Protect surface with mulch material to reduce raindrop induced crusted or hard setting surface. Stabilisation and revegetation targets and timeframes should be in accordance with IECA (2008) guidelines.

Soil Handling These soils generally have few soil handling constraints.


Compaction of loamy or sandy clays may require ripping prior to revegetation. Topsoil retention should be maximised, with separate storage of topsoil and subsoil stockpiles. To maintain soil structure, limit the handling of soil material and ensure traffic is concentrated on constructed road surfaces (reduce dust generation). Alluvial areas are prone to flooding, so ensure disturbance is conducted during periods of low flooding risk, and do not stockpile soil in this area.



7.0 Notes relating to results Groundwater No Free groundwater was encountered during the investigation. A groundwater table or seepage may be present at other times and fluctuations in groundwater levels and seepage could occur due to rainfall, changes in temperature and other factors. Bore hole / test pit logging The information supplied in the log sheets is based on visual and tactile assessment based on field conditions at the time of testing. The log sheets can include inferred data based on the experience of the geotechnician as well as factual data from in situ testing. Samples D Disturbed sample B Bulk or composite sample U Undisturbed sample Moisture Condition D Dry – runs freely through the fingers M Moist – does not run freely but is able to be formed W Wet – free water visible on the soil surface Consistency (Cohesive Soils) Description Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Very soft <25kPa Soft 25-50kPa Firm 50-100kPa Stiff 100-200kPa Very Stiff 200-400kPa Hard >400kPa Relative Density (Cohesionless Soils) Description N Value Density Index Soil Friction

blows per 300mm Range% Angle (degrees) Very Loose 0-4 <15 <30 Loose 4-10 15-35 30-35 Medium 10-30 35-65 35-40 Dense 30-50 65-85 40-45 Very Dense >50 >85 <45



8.0 Disclaimer The information contained in this report has been extracted from field and laboratory sources believed to be reliable and accurate. DM McMahon Pty Ltd will not assume any responsibility for the misinterpretation of information supplied in this report. The accuracy and reliability of recommendations identified in this report need to be evaluated with due care according to individual circumstances. It should be noted that the recommendations and findings in this report are based solely upon the said site location and the ground level conditions at the time of testing. The results of the said investigations undertaken are an overall representation of the conditions encountered. The properties of the soil within the location may change due to variations in ground conditions outside of the tested area. The author has no control or liability over site variability that may warrant further investigation that may lead to significant design changes.

9.0 References Bureau of Rural Sciences after Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (1991), Digital Atlas of Australian Soils

Burkitt, L. L., Moody, P. W., Gourley, C. J. P., Hannah, M. C. (2002). A simple phosphorus buffering index for Australian soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research 40(3) pp 497 – 513. Bruce, R. C., and Rayment, G. E. (1982). Analytical methods and interpretations used by the Agricultural Chemistry Branch for Soil and Land Use Surveys. Queensland Department of Primary Industries. Bulletin QB8 (2004), Indooroopilly, Queensland. DERM. (2011). Salinity management handbook (2nd ed.). Queensland, Australia: Department of Environment and Resource Management. Geeves GW, Craze B and Hamilton GJ 2007a. Soil physical properties. In ‘Soils – their properties and management’. 3rd edn. (Eds Charman PEV and Murphy BW) pp. 168-191 Oxford University Press Melbourne. Geology information: Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (MDBC) 1999 Hazelton P and Murphy B 2007, Interpreting Soil Test Results, What do All the Numbers Mean?, NSW Department of Natural Resources. International Erosion Control Association (IECA) 2008. Best Practice Erosion and Sediment Control. Books 1 – 3. Ipswich City Council. (Undated). Soil Management Guidelines. Ipswich City Council (www. ipswich.qld.gov.au). Isbell, R. F. (1996). Australian Soil and Land Survey Handbook-The Australian Soil Classification, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood Vic, Australia McKenzie, N. J., Grundy, M. J., Webster, R., Ringrose-Voase, A. J., 2008. Guidelines for Surveying Soil and Land Resources, 2nd Ed. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood Vic, Australia. Metson, A. J. (1961). Methods of chemical analysis for soil survey samples. Soil Bureau Bulletin No. 12, New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, pp. 168-175. Wellington, New Zealand. National Committee on Soil and Terrain (Australia) (2009). Australian Soil and Land Survey Field Handbook, 3rd Ed. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood Vic, Australia. Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) (2017) eSpade v2.0 <http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/eSpade2WebApp> Standards Australia AS 1726 – 1993 Geotechnical Site Investigations



Standards Australia AS 2159 – 2009 Piling Design and Installation Standards Australia AS 2870 – 2011 Residential Slabs and Footings - Construction Standards Australia AS 3798 – 1996 Guidelines on earthworks for commercial and residential developments Stone, Y., Ahern, C. R., and Blunden, B. (1998). Acid Sulfate Soil Manual 1998. Acid Sulfate Soil Management Committee, Wollongbar, NSW, Australia.

10.0 Attachments Field Soil logs Laboratory results

SOIL SURVEY FIELD SHEET

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1 339970 E 1 0.0 0.2 A C B 7.5YR 4/3 FSL D 1/2 x * MOD Nil * *

2 6076345 N 2 0.2 0.3 B D RB 5YR 4/3 FSC M 2 x * WEAK Nil * *

3 3 0.3 0.6 B D YR 5YR 5/8 FSC M 2 x * WEAK Nil * *

4 4 0.6 0.9 B/C D RY 7.5YR 6/6 CFS T 3 Y M MOD Seg <10 20 Strong Effervescence

5 5 0.9 1.3 C D -YB 10YR 6/4 ZLC T/D 4 Y M WEAK Nil * *

6 6 1.3 1.8 C * -Y 2.5Y 7/4 ZLC D 4 Y M MASSIVE Nil * *

1 339994 E 1 0.0 0.2 A D B 7.5YR 4/3 FSL D 1 x * MASSIVE Nil * *


3 3 0.4 0.7 B D YR 5YR 5/8 FSC M 3 Y M WEAK Seg 20 10 Strong Effervescence

4 4 0.7 1.0 B/C D -YR 5YR 5/6 CFS T 4 Y M MOD Nil * *

5 5 1.0 1.4 C C YB 10YR 5/4 FSC M 3 Y M WEAK Nil * *

6 6 1.4 1.8 C * -YB 10YR 6/4 ZLC D 3 Y M MASSIVE Nil * * Mn layer

1 339485 E 1 0.0 0.3 A D B 7.5YR 4/3 FSL D 1 x * MASSIVE Nil * *


3 3 0.6 1.1 B C YR 5YR 5/8 FSC M 2 x * MOD Nil * *

4 1.1 1.3 B/C A RY 7.5YR 6/6 ZSC M 3 Y M WEAK Seg <30 20 Strong Effervescence

5 1.3 1.5 B3 C RY 7.5YR 6/6 kS M * Y M MASSIVE Nil * *

6 1.5 1.9 C * BY 10YR 6/6 ZC M 3 Y M MASSIVE Nil * *

1 339037 E 1 0.0 0.2 A C B 7.5YR 4/3 FSL D 1 x * MASSIVE Nil * *

2 6076900 N 2 0.2 0.4 B D RB 5YR 4/3 SC T 3 x * WEAK Nil * *

3 3 0.4 0.8 B C BR 5YR 5/4 FSC T 3 x * MOD Seg 7-10 <5 Strong Effervescence

4 0.8 1.1 B C BR 5YR 5/4 FSC T 3 Y M WEAK Nil * *

5 1.1 1.4 C C RY 7.5YR 6/6 ZC M 2 Y M WEAK Nil * *

6 1.4 1.9 C * BY 10YR 6/6 ZC M 2 Y M MASSIVE Nil * *

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4592 - Currawarra

Currawarra Solar Farm

Currawarra' Mayrung Rd, Mayrung NSW 2710

26/07/2017


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1 339000 E 1 0.0 0.2 A C B 7.5YR 4/3 FSL T 1 x * MASSIVE Nil * *

6076585 N 2 0.2 0.4 B D RB 5YR 4/3 FSC M 3 x * WEAK Nil * *

2 3 0.4 0.6 B D RB 5YR 4/3 FSC M 4 x * MOD Seg 10 10 Effervescence

3 4 0.6 1.8 B/C * Y 10YR 7/6 ZSC M 3 Y M WEAK Nil * *

1 339374 E 1 0.0 0.4 A C -B 7.5YR 6/3 FSL T 1 x * MASSIVE Nil * *

2 6076503 N 2 0.4 0.7 B D BR 5YR 5/4 FSC M 3 x * WEAK Nil * *

3 3 0.7 1.2 B A BY 10YR 6/6 FSC T 3 Y M WEAK Seg 12 10

4 1.2 2.0 C * Y 10YR 7/6 kS D - x * MASSIVE Nil * *

1 340469 E 1 0.0 0.4 A C -B 7.5YR 6/3 FSL T 1 x * MASSIVE Nil * *

2 6076231 N 2 0.4 0.7 B D RB 5YR 4/3 FSC T 3 x * MOD Nil * * Magnesic

3 3 0.7 1.0 B D YB 10YR 5/4 FSC T 3 x * WEAK Seg 10 10

4 1.0 2.0 B/C * BY 10YR 6/6 ZSC M 2 x * MASSIVE Nil * *

340550 E 1 0.0 0.2 A C B 7.5YR 4/3 FSL T 1 x * MASSIVE Nil * *


2 3 0.4 0.7 B D YR 5YR 5/8 FSC M 3 x * WEAK Nil * *

3 4 0.7 1.1 B D RB 5YR 4/3 FSC T 4 Y M MOD Seg 20 30 Strong Effervescence

5 1.1 1.6 B/C * -BY 10YR 7/6 ZSC T 2 Y M MASSIVE Nil * * Effervescence

1 340900 E 1 0.0 0.4 A C B 7.5YR 4/3 FSCL T 1 x * MASSIVE Nil * *


3 3 0.6 1.6 B/C C RY 7.5YR 6/6 SC M 3 x * WEAK Seg 20 20 Strong Effervescence

4 1.6 2.0 C * GB 10YR 5/2 FSC T 4 Y M MOD Nil * *

1 341384 E 1 0.0 0.3 A C B+ 7.5YR 3/3 FSCL T 1 x * WEAK Nil * *

2 6077287 N 2 0.3 0.6 B D YB 10YR 5/4 FSC M 3 x * WEAK Nil * *

3 3 0.6 1.4 B/C D -YB 10YR 6/4 FSC M 4 Y M MOD Seg 10 15 Strong Effervescence

4 1.4 2.0 C * -YB 10YR 6/4 FSC T 3 x * MOD Nil * *

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1 341204 E 1 0.0 0.3 A C B 7.5YR 4/3 FSCL T 2 x * WEAK Nil * *


3 3 0.6 1.1 B D RY 7.5YR 6/6 FSC T 3 x * MOD Seg 15 10 Strong Effervescence

4 1.1 1.9 C * YB 10YR 5/4 SC T 3 x * MOD Nil * * Strong Effervescence

1 341081 E 1 0.0 0.3 A D B 7.5YR 4/3 FSCL T 1 x * WEAK Nil * *

2 6075771 N 2 0.3 0.6 B D RB 5YR 4/3 FSC M 3 x * MOD Nil * *

3 3 0.6 1.0 B C YR 5YR 5/8 FSC M 3 x * MOD Seg 15 10 Strong Effervescence

4 1.0 1.6 C A RY 7.5YR 6/6 ZSC M 2 Y M WEAK Nil * *

5 1.6 1.9 B3 * Y 10YR 7/6 kS T - Y M MASSIVE Nil * *

1 341395 E 1 0.0 0.3 A D BR 5YR 5/4 FS T - x * MASSIVE Nil * *

2 6075706 N 2 0.3 1.0 B C R 10R 5/8 FS T - x * MASSIVE Nil * *

3 3 1.0 1.5 C * Y 10YR 7/6 ZFS T - x * MASSIVE Seg 20 <5 Strong Effervescence

1 341627 E 1 0.0 0.3 A C RB 5YR 4/3 FSL T - x * MASSIVE Nil * *

2 6075193 N 2 0.3 1.4 B D R 10R 5/8 kCS M 1 x * MASSIVE Nil * *

3 3 1.4 2.0 B A R 10R 5/8 FCS M 1 x * MASSIVE Nil * *

4 2.0 2.2 B * Y 10YR 7/6 kS T - x * MASSIVE Seg 25 25

1 341683 E 1 0.0 0.3 A C B 7.5YR 4/3 FSCL T 2 x * MASSIVE Nil * *

2 6075608 N 2 0.3 0.6 B D B+ 7.5YR 3/3 FSC T 5 x * WEAK Nil * *

3 3 0.6 1.0 B D BY 10YR 6/6 FSC M 4 x * MOD Seg 10 15 Effervescence

4 1.0 1.5 B C YB 10YR 5/4 FSC M 3 x * WEAK Nil * *

5 1.5 1.9 C * GB 10YR 5/2 ZSC M 3 Y M WEAK Nil * *

1 341760 E 1 0.0 0.3 A C B 7.5YR 4/3 FSL D 2 x * MASSIVE Nil * *

2 6076181 N 2 0.3 0.7 B D +YB 10YR 6/6 FSC T 3 x * WEAK Nil * *

3 3 0.7 1.1 B C RY 7.5YR 6/6 FSC M 3 x * MOD Seg 12 10 Strong Effervescence

4 1.1 1.9 C * BY 10YR 6/6 ZC M 2 Y M WEAK Nil * *

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14592 - Currawarra



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1 341826 E 1 0.0 0.2 A C B 7.5YR 4/3 FSCL T 1 x * MOD Nil * *

2 6076751 N 2 0.2 0.5 B D RB 5YR 4/3 FSC T 3 x * MOD Nil * *

3 3 0.5 1.0 B D BY 10YR 6/6 FSC M 3 Y M WEAK Seg <20 10 Strong Effervescence

4 1.0 1.5 B/C * BY 10YR 6/6 FSMC M 4 x * MOD Nil * *

1 341873 E 1 0.0 0.3 A C RB 5YR 4/3 FSCL T 2 x * WEAK Nil * *

2 6077164 N 2 0.3 0.7 B D B+ 7.5YR 3/3 FSC M 3 x * MOD Nil * * Strong Effervescence

3 3 0.7 1.0 B A -Y 2.5Y 7/4 FSC M 4 Y M WEAK Seg <20 15 Strong Effervescence

4 1.0 1.8 B * BY 10YR 6/6 FSC M 3 x * WEAK Nil * *

1 641460 E 1 0.0 0.3 A C BR 5YR 5/4 FSCL D 1 x * WEAK Nil * *

2 6074658 N 2 0.3 0.6 B D YR 5YR 5/8 FSC T 3 x * MOD Nil * *

3 3 0.6 1.3 B C -YR 5YR 5/6 FSC M 4 Y M MOD Seg <20 10 Strong Effervescence

4 1.3 1.7 B/C * RY 7.5YR 6/6 ZC M 3 x * MOD Nil * *

1 340834 E 1 0.0 0.3 A C B 7.5YR 4/3 FSL T 1 x * WEAK Nil * *

2 6074712 N 2 0.3 0.6 B D RB 5YR 4/3 FSC M 3 x * MOD Nil * *

3 3 0.6 1.2 B C BY 10YR 6/6 FSC M 3 Y M MOD Seg <20 10 Strong Effervescence

4 1.2 1.8 B/C * -BY 10YR 7/6 ZSC M 2 x * WEAK Nil * *


2 6074980 N 2 0.3 0.7 B D BR 5YR 5/4 FSC M 3 x * MOD Nil * *

3 3 0.7 1.2 B D YR 5YR 5/8 FSC M 3 x * WEAK Seg <20 15 Strong Effervescence

4 1.2 1.9 B/C * RG 5YR 5/2 ZSC M 2 Y M WEAK Nil * *

1 341199 E 1 0.0 0.2 A C B 7.5YR 4/3 FSL T 1 x * MOD Nil * *

2 6075000 N 2 0.2 0.6 B D BR 5YR 5/4 FSC M 3 x * MOD Nil * *

3 3 0.6 1.0 B D YB 10YR 5/4 FSC M 3 x * WEAK Seg <20 10 Strong Effervescence

4 1.0 1.8 C * YB 10YR 5/4 ZC M 2 Y M WEAK Nil * *

P1

74592 - Currawarra



P2

2P

21

P2

0P

19

P1

8

26/07/2017


Job No:

Project:

Site:

Site

Ide

nti

ty

Sam

ple

Co

-ord

inat

es

MG

A

GD

A9

4 z

55

Laye

r

Laye

r T

op

(m

)

Laye

r B

ott

om

(m

)

Ho

rizo

n

Bo

un

dar

y

Co

lou

r

Mu

nse

ll C

od

e

Text

ure

Mo

istu

re

Co

nsi

ste

nce

Mo

ttle

s

Mo

ttle

Typ

e

Stru

ctu

re

Co

arse

Fra

gme

nts

Frag

me

nt

Size

(mm

)

Frag

me

nt

(%)

Co

mm

en

ts

1 341007 E 1 0.0 0.4 A C RB 5YR 4/3 FSL T 1 x * MASSIVE Nil * *


3 3 0.7 1.3 B/C D YR 5YR 5/8 FSC M 3 Y M WEAK Seg <20 15 Strong Effervescence

4 1.3 1.7 C D YB 10YR 5/4 kS D - Y M MASSIVE Nil * *


2 6075844 N 2 0.3 0.6 B D BR 5YR 5/4 FSC T 3 x * MOD Nil * *

3 3 0.6 1.0 B/C D -BR 2.5YR 6/4 FSC M 3 Y M MOD Seg <20 15 Strong Effervescence

4 1.0 1.7 C D YB 10YR 5/4 ZC M 2 Y M WEAK Nil * *

4592 - Currawarra



P2

4P

23

26/07/2017

Nutrient

Advantage®

Nutrient Advantage Advice® Nutrient Report

08/08/2017Report Print Date:

Phone:

Advisor/Contact:

Agent/Dealer:PO BOX 6118

WAGGA WAGGA

NSW 2650

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

02 6931 0510

Purchase Order No: 4592 CURRAWARRA

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD ATF

Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456711

Paddock Name: 2/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:

4/08/2017Sampling Date:

Sample Depth (cm): 0 To 10

ValueAnalyte / Assay Units

pH (1:5 Water) 6.3

pH (1:5 CaCl2) 5.3

Elect. Conductivity (EC) dS/m 0.10

Chloride mg/kg 24

Organic Carbon % 1.4

Organic Matter % 2.4

Nitrate Nitrogen mg/kg 11

Ammonium Nitrogen mg/kg 1

Phosphorus (Colwell) mg/kg 95

Phosphorus Buffer Index 37

Sulphur (KCl40) mg/kg 5

Cation Exch. Cap. (CEC) cmol(+)/kg 7.4

Calcium cmol(+)/kg 3.7

Magnesium cmol(+)/kg 2.5

Sodium cmol(+)/kg 0.33

Potassium cmol(+)/kg 0.89

Available Potassium mg/kg 350

Aluminium cmol(+)/kg <0.1

Aluminium % of Cations % <1.0

Calcium % of Cations % 50.0

Magnesium % of Cations % 33.0

Sodium % of Cations (ESP) % 4.50

Analyses conducted by Nutrient Advantage Laboratory Services

NATA Accreditation No:

Certificate of Analysis is available upon request.

Tel:

Email:

8 South Road, Werribee VIC 3030

11958 1800 803 453

[email protected]

Page 1 of 2Sample No: Version:021456711 1

Nutrient

Advantage®


Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456711

Paddock Name: 2/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:




Potassium % of Cations % 12.00

Calcium/Magnesium Ratio 1.5

The results reported pertain only to the sample submitted.

Analyses performed on soil dried at 40 degrees Celsius and ground to <2mm (excluding moisture assay)

* One or more components of this test are below their detection limit. The value used is indicative only.

Disclaimer: Laboratory analyses and fertiliser recommendations are made in good faith, based on the best technical information

available as at the date of this report. Incitec Pivot Limited, its officers, employees, consultants, Agents and Dealers do not accept

any liability whatsoever arising from or in connection with the analytical results, interpretations and recommendations provided, and

the client takes the analytical results, interpretations and recommendations on these terms. In respect of liability which cannot be

excluded by law, Incitec Pivot's liability is restricted to the re-supply of the laboratory analysis or the cost of having the analysis

re-supplied.


Nutrient

Advantage®



Phone:

Advisor/Contact:


WAGGA WAGGA

NSW 2650

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

02 6931 0510



Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456734

Paddock Name: 5/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:




pH (1:5 Water) 6.6

pH (1:5 CaCl2) 5.2


Chloride mg/kg <10






















Tel:

Email:


11958 1800 803 453

[email protected]


Nutrient

Advantage®


Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456734

Paddock Name: 5/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:














re-supplied.


Nutrient

Advantage®



Phone:

Advisor/Contact:


WAGGA WAGGA

NSW 2650

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

02 6931 0510



Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456735

Paddock Name: 9/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:




pH (1:5 Water) 7.1

pH (1:5 CaCl2) 5.5


Chloride mg/kg 19




Ammonium Nitrogen mg/kg <1


















Tel:

Email:


11958 1800 803 453

[email protected]


Nutrient

Advantage®


Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456735

Paddock Name: 9/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:














re-supplied.


Nutrient

Advantage®



Phone:

Advisor/Contact:


WAGGA WAGGA

NSW 2650

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

02 6931 0510



Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456736

Paddock Name: 14/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:




pH (1:5 Water) 8.2

pH (1:5 CaCl2) 7.6


Chloride mg/kg <10






















Tel:

Email:


11958 1800 803 453

[email protected]


Nutrient

Advantage®


Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456736

Paddock Name: 14/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:














re-supplied.


Nutrient

Advantage®



Phone:

Advisor/Contact:


WAGGA WAGGA

NSW 2650

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

02 6931 0510



Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456737

Paddock Name: 16/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:




pH (1:5 Water) 7.0

pH (1:5 CaCl2) 5.8


Chloride mg/kg <10






















Tel:

Email:


11958 1800 803 453

[email protected]


Nutrient

Advantage®


Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456737

Paddock Name: 16/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:














re-supplied.


Nutrient

Advantage®



Phone:

Advisor/Contact:


WAGGA WAGGA

NSW 2650

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

02 6931 0510



Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456739

Paddock Name: 18/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:




pH (1:5 Water) 7.7

pH (1:5 CaCl2) 6.3


Chloride mg/kg 19



Nitrate Nitrogen mg/kg <1



















Tel:

Email:


11958 1800 803 453

[email protected]


Nutrient

Advantage®


Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456739

Paddock Name: 18/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:














re-supplied.


Nutrient

Advantage®



Phone:

Advisor/Contact:


WAGGA WAGGA

NSW 2650

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

02 6931 0510



Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456740

Paddock Name: 19/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:




pH (1:5 Water) 6.5

pH (1:5 CaCl2) 5.5


Chloride mg/kg <10






















Tel:

Email:


11958 1800 803 453

[email protected]


Nutrient

Advantage®


Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456740

Paddock Name: 19/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:














re-supplied.


Nutrient

Advantage®



Phone:

Advisor/Contact:


WAGGA WAGGA

NSW 2650

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

02 6931 0510



Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456828

Paddock Name: 20/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:




pH (1:5 Water) 7.4

pH (1:5 CaCl2) 5.9


Chloride mg/kg 20






















Tel:

Email:


11958 1800 803 453

[email protected]


Nutrient

Advantage®


Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456828

Paddock Name: 20/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:














re-supplied.


Nutrient

Advantage®



Phone:

Advisor/Contact:


WAGGA WAGGA

NSW 2650

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

02 6931 0510



Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456829

Paddock Name: 24/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:




pH (1:5 Water) 6.9

pH (1:5 CaCl2) 5.8


Chloride mg/kg 24






















Tel:

Email:


11958 1800 803 453

[email protected]


Nutrient

Advantage®


Grower Name :

Sample No:

Nearest Town:

Test Code:

D M MCMAHON PTY LTD

021456829

Paddock Name: 24/1

Sample Name:

WAGGA NORTH

E11

SoilSample Type:














re-supplied.


Thursday, August 10, 2017

David McMahon

DM McMahon Pty Ltd

PO Box 6118 4A Norton Street

Wagga Wagga NSW 2650

Attention:

NATA Accredited Laboratory

Number: 9597

ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL

LABORATORIES

Locked Bag 588


Tel: +61 2 6933 2849

Fax: +61 2 6933 2477

Email: [email protected]

www.csu.edu.au/faculty/science/eal

Accredited for compliance with

ISO/IEC 17025 - Testing

For all enquiries related to this report please quote document number: 1708-0016

Page 1 of 5

Report Number:1708-0016

LABORATORY ANALYSIS REPORT

Sample TypeCollected By Date Received

Client 02-August-2017

Facility:

Soil

Job 4592Order #

EAL ID Client ID.

Date/Time sample taken

Test Result (units)Method Reference Limit of

Reporting

17Aug-0047 4592-1/2

26.07.17

Conductivity (1:5 soil/water) 223 1µS/cm LTM-S-003

pH (1:5 soil/water) 7.4 pH units LTM-S-004

17Aug-0048 4592-1/4

26.07.17



17Aug-0049 4592-4/2

26.07.17



17Aug-0050 4592-4/3

26.07.17



17Aug-0051 4592-7/2

26.07.17



17Aug-0052 4592-7/3

26.07.17



17Aug-0053 4592-9/2

26.07.17




David McMahon

DM McMahon Pty Ltd



Attention:


Number: 9597


LABORATORIES

Locked Bag 588


Tel: +61 2 6933 2849

Fax: +61 2 6933 2477






Page 2 of 5





Facility:

Soil

Job 4592Order #

EAL ID Client ID.



Reporting

17Aug-0054 4592-9/3

26.07.17



17Aug-0055 4592-10/2

26.07.17



17Aug-0056 4592-10/3

26.07.17



17Aug-0057 4592-13/2

26.07.17



17Aug-0058 4592-13/3

26.07.17



17Aug-0059 4592-15/2

26.07.17



17Aug-0060 4592-15/3

26.07.17




David McMahon

DM McMahon Pty Ltd



Attention:


Number: 9597


LABORATORIES

Locked Bag 588


Tel: +61 2 6933 2849

Fax: +61 2 6933 2477






Page 3 of 5





Facility:

Soil

Job 4592Order #

EAL ID Client ID.



Reporting

17Aug-0061 4592-17/2

26.07.17



17Aug-0062 4592-17/3

26.07.17



17Aug-0063 4592-19/2

26.07.17



17Aug-0064 4592-19/3

26.07.17



17Aug-0065 4592-21/2

26.07.17



17Aug-0066 4592-21/3

26.07.17



17Aug-0067 4592-23/2

26.07.17




David McMahon

DM McMahon Pty Ltd



Attention:


Number: 9597


LABORATORIES

Locked Bag 588


Tel: +61 2 6933 2849

Fax: +61 2 6933 2477






Page 4 of 5





Facility:

Soil

Job 4592Order #

EAL ID Client ID.



Reporting

17Aug-0068 4592-23/3

26.07.17



17Aug-0069 4592-27/2

26.07.17



17Aug-0070 4592-27/3

26.07.17



17Aug-0071 4592-29/2

26.07.17



17Aug-0072 4592-29/3

26.07.17



17Aug-0073 4592-32/2

26.07.17



17Aug-0074 4592-32/3

26.07.17




David McMahon

DM McMahon Pty Ltd



Attention:


Number: 9597


LABORATORIES

Locked Bag 588


Tel: +61 2 6933 2849

Fax: +61 2 6933 2477






Page 5 of 5





Facility:

Soil

Job 4592Order #

EAL ID Client ID.



Reporting

17Aug-0075 4592-35/2

26.07.17



17Aug-0076 4592-35/3

26.07.17



Note:

* NATA Accreditation does not cover the performance of this service.

All samples analysed as received.

All soil results are reported on a dry basis.

The EAL takes no responsibility for the end use of results within this report.

This report shall not be reproduced except in full.

This report replaces any previously issued report

Signed .................................................................... David Wade, Laboratory Manager.

Date post:	22-Mar-2022
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APPENDIX H SOIL SURVEY REPORT - Major Projects

Documents