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Naren Nandi
i-ntroductionSteve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple on April 1, 1976. The two Steves, Jobs and Woz (woz.org), have personalities that persist throughout Apple’s products, even today. Jobs was the consummate salesperson and visionary while Woz was the inquisitive technical genius.
Revenue $42.91 billion ▲Operating income $11.74 billion▲Profit $8.24 billion▲AUM $26.83 billion ▲Total assets $47.50 billion ▲Total equity $31.64 billion ▲Employees 34,300 +▼
PC industry
We can glean Insight into the history and composition of the PC Industry from its eponymous title. In the late 1970s, as Wozniak and Jobs were starting Apple computer, personal computers were an emerging product.
While Apple clearly dominates the online music industry, the battle for domination is not over.
Apple’s sales are between 66% and 75% of downloads and 80% of music players.
Apple is part to a suit alleging monopolistic practices concerning their market share dominance of players and downloads.
Online music industry
Products
Mac (Pro, Mini · iMac · MacBook, Air, Pro · Xserve)iPhone, iPad, iPod (Shuffle, Nano, Classic, Touch)Apple TV, Cinema Display, AirPort Time CapsuleMac OS X (Server · iPhone OS), iLife, iWork
Services
Stores (retail, online, iTunes, App, iBooks) Mobile Me
Mission Statement -> "Apple is committed to bringing
the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its innovative hardware, software and internet offerings.“
Vision Statement -> "Man is the creator of change in
this world. As such he should be above systems and structures, and not subordinate to them."
CORE COMPETENCY --- USER EXPERIENCE
KEY SUCCESS FACTORS
PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
1. CarriersAT&T
2. OS providerslike Linux
3. Hardware makersIntel
1. VoIPSkype2. PDA phonePalmtops etc.3. Similar features phone emerged in Nokia, LG etc
1. Establish mobile manufacture: Nokia,LG,Samsung
2. Software giants: Google, Microsoft
1. More companies entering into smartphones market
2. Strong brands and finance
SWOT ANALYSIS
How Green is Apple?Apple Inc.'s eye-catching logo - an apple with a bite taken from it - has come in many colors in the past. Now, the iconic computer company is trying to prove its commitment to the color greenIt now makes iPods and iPhones free of polyvinyl chlorides and brominated flame retardant, and it's in the final stages of making all of its products without bromine and chlorine. Both chemicals have been criticized for creating toxic byproducts.
Work Ethics
Labour StandardsWorking and living environmentsCompensationOvertimeWorker treatment
Apple has a zero tolerance policy for any instance, isolated or not, of any treatment of workers that could be interpreted as harsh
Process Analysis
Inputs OutputsGoods,
Services Raw material, Customers, etc.
TransformationTransformationProcess
Resources: Labor & Capital
Key steps in Process Analysis
Step 1: Draw process flow diagram (define process)– Determine the inputs and outputs– Determine the flow units– Determine the tasks and their sequence– Determine which resources are used in each task– Determine where inventory is kept in the process– Record this through a process flow diagram
Step 2: Bottleneck Analysis (performance evaluation)– Determine the capacity of each task and of the process– Further analysis will be covered later in the course
Process Example – iTunes Music
Apple sells downloadable songs for $.99 ea.
Process: – Apple retains music files and printable material on a server– Customers download all material, print labels and burn
CDs themselves
Benefits:– No physical inventory, no warehouse, low production
costs– Always meet demand
Draw a process flow diagram1. Determine the inputs and outputs2. Determine the flow units: orders in process3. Determine the tasks and their sequence4. Determine resources: computer server5. Determine where inventory is kept in the process
Orders ReviewOrder
ValidateCreditCard
SendConfirmation
DownloadFinished
Order
WIP
WIPWIP
WIP
Validate Order Download
Capacity rate:
Cycle time:
The (whole) process
Flow time:
Capacity rate:
Cycle time:
40 units / hr 30 units / hr
1.5 min 2 min
1.5 min + 2 min = 3.5 min
30 units / hr
2 min
Individual stages
ExampleWIP Finished
orders
Validate Order Download
Capacity rate:
Cycle time:
The (whole) process
Flow time:
Capacity rate:
Cycle time:
40 units / hr 60 units / hr
1.5 min 1 min
1.5 min + 2 min = 3.5 min
40 units / hr
1/40 hr = 1.5 min
Individual stages
(cont’d) adding an extra server for download
WIP Finishedgoods
Download
Constraints
Industrial World Economic SlowdownApple’s dependency on Steve Job’s healthTechnological LimitationsMP3 Market is shrinking rapidlyiPod Market is saturatediPhone Cannibalizes part of iPod Sales
Alternatives
Do Nothing -> Pro: No increased risk -> Con: Continue being stagnant
Reposition the iPod -> Pro: Increase the profit capability of a Cash
Cow -> Con: Placing advertising money into a lost
cause
Alternatives
Renovate the Mac desktop line -> Pro: More competitive with other desktops -> Con: Repositioning into a Market that is
decreasing due to a global economic slowdown Create a netbook based on the MacBook Air platform
-> Pro: Great for the psychology of the company and shareholders, and stakeholders
-> Con: Expensive development in a recession
JIT-LeanApple Computers implemented the just-in-time global economy (JITGE) to streamline the unnecessary steps and waiting time in the delivery of its tailor-made iPod from 90 days to 90 hoursJITGE methodology, a combination of lean manufacturing, just-in-time-delivery and supply chain management had helped Apple computers to minimise the cost of production by manufacturing its products in low cost economies. Apple manufactured the customised iPods to meet the needs of individual customers by following the lean manufacturing methodology
Cultivate Your EliteApple focuses on atmosphere, nurturing its best designers behind opaque glass in a hidden sanctuary with music playing in the background.Despite their favored status, Apple’s creatives still have no more insight into the company’s overall operations than an Army private has into the Pentagon.At Apple, new products are often seen in their complete form by only a small group of top executives. This, too, works as a strength for Apple
VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
Technology and product design
This component represents the true core (no pun intended) of Apple’s capability. From being the first platform to run an electronic spreadsheet (VisiCalc on the Apple II Plus) to the first to establish a “digital lifestyle” hub (the Macintosh product lines), Apple’s history is rich with cutting-edge technology development. (Linzmayer) Apple drives to be the best, no simply the first The best way to summarize the entrepreneurial culture within Apple “it’s very easy to be different, but very difficult to be better.”
Vertical Integration of competitors
• Sony is an example of a competitor with a unique position against Apple. Sony Music supplies Apple with many of the songs for iTunes. Sony also creates a version of the Walkman portable music player that is a direct competitor to the iPod. Sony is attempting to vertically integrate forward directly to the music buyer. Sony integrated their music system into the Sony Walkman. Sony is exclusively distributing certain songs on Mora. Mora currently targets Japanese consumers. If Sony can gain additional momentum (such as collaborating with other record labels), their service could present a formidable challenge to iTunes in additional markets.
Production
• Because Apple had long refused to license its operating system to external entities, the bundled packages of Apple-developed hardware and software became the cornerstone of Apple’s production process..
• While every product introduction has not been a success ,Apple treats component production as a natural extension of the design process.
Sales and Marketing
• We could simply title this section “Steve Jobs”. Since his return as CEO in 1997, Jobs personally unveils all new product introductions, reviews corresponding marketing campaigns, and approves new product development guidelines.
• Apple continued to command a market premium for producing a “better mousetrap” throughout its history.
Apple Computer Marketing Channel Structure:
Apple Retail Store - Direct Channel
CustomersConsumer
Producer
Apple Computer Marketing Channel Structure: Ingram Micro/Best Buy - Indirect Channel
CustomersConsumer
Wholesaler
Retailer
Producer
Best Buy
Ingram
Micro
Customer Service• How has Apple retained substantial cash reserves
during the explosive growth and dominance of PCs worldwide? Apple created a virtual love affair with their customer base by delivering technically superior and aggressively pursuing hardware and software updates.
• Apple integrated their primary activities so well that it is transparent to the consumer where one activity begins and the other ends. Although Apple employs many resources and capabilities to support their primary activities the most strategically relevant would be Legal Services.
Awards
Business week awards Apple A+ for quality of staff and efficiency of serviceApple won eight product design awards at CeBIT conference.
Legal Services
• In a market climate of constant change and innovation, it is inevitable that the drive to expand product and service offerings will subject Apple to patent and copyright infringement claims. The dispute over the Apple logo on its iTunes Music Store, for example, continues despite a previously reached settlement with Beatles’ Apple Corps Ltd. in 1991.
• There was a recent attempt to uncover the identities of internal “sources who leaked confidential information about an unreleased product to online media outlets in 2004.”
Steve Jobs= Apple, Inc.
Apple’s Success is Related to Steve Jobs Standards, Not Steve Jobs Himself.Regular Rules Don’t ApplyMicromanagerIntense SecrecyConcentrated, Hard-Fought InnovationCommunicated ZealRadical Opacity
Think Twice