Application

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Painting and Decorating NVQ and Technical Certificate Level 2, 2nd Edition

Getting started• Dust off the lid to prevent any

contamination.• Follow manufacturer’s

information on mixing. • Strain the coating if needed.• Pour your coating into a

clean, dust-free paint kettle.

Why should you NOT mix thixotropic paints?



• Coat all the bristles of the brush, working in by gently rubbing the brush on the inside of the work pot.

• Scrape back the coating off the brush, to ensure the brush keeps its shape.

• Do not let the coating go all over the ferrule and handle of the brush – it will drip all over the place!

• Get a dip, dipping only the first third of the bristles into the paint then tapping alternate sides of the brush on the inside of the pot.

Why should you only dip the first third of the bristles into the paint?

Loading brush



Cutting in is the action of applying paint to one surface while keeping paint off an adjoining surface: for example, when painting a wall, keeping paint off the ceiling.

Why would you need to cut in when painting a window frame?

Cutting in



Applying the coating• Spread it out on the surface in

all directions to prevent it sagging.

• Spread the coating up and down in a vertical motion.

• Spread the coating out in a horizontal direction.

Why should you spread the paint in this order?



‘Laying off’ means removing thebrush marks.

• With an oil-based coating, use the tips of the brush to lightly remove the brush marks, keeping in the same direction.

• With a water-based coating, ‘lay off’ in an arcing motion, to remove any brush or roller marks.

Laying off



Applying emulsion with a rollerApplying a water-based coating is quicker and easier with a roller.

• Cut in your surface.• Apply your coating with the

roller in a ‘W’ motion. • This ensures that all of the

surface has been coated, especially when you apply a second coating.



After applying coatings• Clean brushes out correctly.• Wash water-based coatings

out of the brush with clean water, then store brush away.

• Wash oil-based coatings out with clean turps or brush cleaner, then store brush away.

• Oil-based brushes can be kept in a brush keep until used again.



• Prepare your surface, by cleaning and keying it.

• Apply a ground coat with no brush marks.

• Apply a scumble glaze sparingly, laying off in the direction of the panel.

• Drag a graining brush through the glaze to create uneven lines.

• Stipple the surface gently.

How do you key a surface?

Graining



• Apply oil-based black eggshell ground coat.

• Apply thin layer of glip.• Apply dark green paint, then

light green paint.• Stipple with a hair hog stippler.• Distress the surface, then flick

on white spirit.• Create fine lines with white

eggshell paint, and soften.• Protect with a layer of varnish.

What is glip?

Marbling: vert de mer



Rag rolling• Rag rolling is classed as a

broken colour effect.• There are two ways to create

the effect: ‘ragging on’ and

‘ragging off’.• The effect is created by

applying a colour to a painted surface with a rag, then lifting

off to expose ground colour, creating a broken colour.What is the difference between ‘ragging on’ and ‘ragging off’?



Sponging• Sponging is another broken colour effect. • You simply dip a sponge into a coloured paint, then apply it to a painted surface. • Load the sponge carefully as too much paint will give a bad finish.

How many colours can you use when sponging?



Stippling•Stippling is classed as a ‘suede-like appearance’ effect.•You apply a colour mixture to a surface with a brush first, then use a stippler.•Stippling gives a ‘blended colour’ look to a surface.•Various colours can be overlaid

to create bands of colour.

What types of coating can you use for stippling?



Wipe and glaze•Wiping and glazing is a way to highlight a surface on a relief material.•You apply a colour to a surface such as a embossed wallpaper, then wipe the colour back off.•Many bars and restaurants used to have this type of effect. •Various colours can be overlaid to create bands of colour.

What is a relief surface?



Stencilling: making stencils•Choose your stencil material.•Use a stencil mat to cut out

on.•Use a specialist craft knife

with a fresh blade.•Cut away from yourself or move the design around the knife.•Take special care cutting ties.

What materials can you make stencils from?



Stencilling: applying stencils

• Prepare your materials: stencil, clean equipment and enough paint!

• Load up your stencilling tool and dab onto palette to remove excess.

• Apply colour in a stabbing motion, making sure not to smudge or let paint creep under stencil.

• Remove stencil carefully.

At what angle should you hold a stencil brush?



Applying textured paintTextured paint, sometimes called plastic paint, is thick and can be manipulatedinto different patterns and styles. There are two types of textured paint: • Plaster of Paris type • sand type.

What PPE would you need when using these paints?



Gilding• Gilding is the application of gold or

other metal leaf to a surface. • Transfer leaf, attached to tissue

paper, is applied like a transfer – easier to apply.

• Loose leaf is applied from a book or a gilder’s cushion – takes more skill.

What sort of gold leaf does not tarnish?



Gold size

Gold size is an adhesive used as a mordant for gold leaf, and needs to reach the right tackiness. What does ‘mordant’ mean?



Defects found in gilding

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Engineering