Application and Research
Martin FischerRagip Akbas, Jessica Hastings, John Haymaker, Brad Jarrett,
Calvin Kam, Bonsang Koo, John Kunz, Kathleen Liston, SK Lyu, Sheryl Staub-French, Vibha Singhal, Ben Suter, Pooja Trivedi
Projects with 4D Models with CIFE Involvement
• San Mateo Health Center (Dillingham)• Roof for Haas School of Business (Pacific)• McWhinney Office Buildings (Neenan)• Sequus Pharmaceuticals Pilot Plant (Hathaway)• Experience Music Project (Hoffman)• Paradise Pier, DCA (WDI)• WDCH (Mortenson)• Santa Monica Hospital (URS)• Letterman, Portland Office, Bay Street (DPR)• Genentech FRCII (Hathaway-Dinwiddie)• Stata Center for CS (Beacon-Skanska)• Helsinki Univ. of Techn. Lecture Hall (Senaatti)• HK Disney (WDI)
Can you build the project according to this schedule?
Can you build the project according to this schedule?
No! The Air-Handler Unit is scheduled too late
WDCH: Evaluate constructibility of construction method
Letterman: Evaluate constructibility of design
Bay Street: Gain strategic insight
Stata Center: Understand time-space relationships
Paradise Pier: improve site logistics planning
“Through 4D modeling we were able to visualize concurrent activities at a macro level.”Project Manager, Owner
4D greatly reduces unplanned changes
y = 374.72xR2 = 0.9312
$0
$200,000
$400,000
$600,000
$800,000
$1,000,000
$1,200,000
$1,400,000
$1,600,000
$1,800,000
$2,000,000
$- $500 $1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $2,500 $3,000 $3,500 $4,000 $4,500 $5,000Total Uplanned Change by Individual Facilities ($000)
Recent and ongoing 4D research
• 4D WorkPlanner: Automated Generation and Evaluation of Work Spaces
• Link between 4D WorkPlanner and CMM (Construction Method Modeler)
• Extension of CMM to steel structures• Construction-focused 3D model• Intelligent link between 3D model and cost estimates• iRoom construction management scenario• iRoom highlighting and overlay• Testing of IFC• Continued observations of practice
There are multiple types of time-space conflicts
Place WindowsSetup Scaffolding
Hang C-ChannelTakedown Scaffolding
Hang PH. Wall Panels, Side AHang PH. Wall Panels, Side B
Lay Roof InsulationCure Roof Insulation
5 10
1
Place WindowsSetup Scaffolding
Hang C-ChannelTakedown Scaffolding
Hang PH. Wall Panels, Side AHang PH. Wall Panels, Side B
Lay Roof InsulationCure Roof Insulation
5 10
Place WindowsSetup Scaffolding
Hang C-ChannelTakedown Scaffolding
Hang PH. Wall Panels, Side AHang PH. Wall Panels, Side B
Lay Roof InsulationCure Roof Insulation
5 10
Initial Schedule Spatial InterferenceConflict
TypeProblemCreated
2
3
Space Blockage
Construct-ability
SafetyHazard
Construct-ability
Mild Congestion
LessProductivity
Symbolic Product Model=
3D Components+
Working Units(conceptual groupings)
+Part-of Relations
+Support Relations
<C>
CPM Activity Network
<S>
3D Model
Time 4D VisualizationInternet
4D Visualization Bocad
Construction Method Models Templatesand
Domain Models
<CARS>
Joint Product and ProcessElaboration and Sequencing
Mechanisms
Generate 4DProduction Model
(CMM System)
4DProduction
Model
Interactive Bocad-3D - CMM interface
November December
1999Task Name
Excavate Lagoon Zone3
Import, compact clay Zone3
Mesh Zone3
Concrete Zone3
Start Date
11/20/99
11/26/99
11/30/99
12/5/99
End Date
11/26/99
12/3/99
12/8/99
12/10/99
5d
6d
7d
5d
Duration
Task Name
Construct Lagoon Zone1
Construct Lagoon Zone2
Construct Lagoon Zone3
Start Date
11/1/99
11/7/99
11/20/99
End Date
11/22/99
11/25/99
12/10/99
16d
14d
15d
Construct Lagoon Zone5
Construct Lagoon Zone6
Construct Lagoon Zone4 11/27/99 12/13/99 11d
11/30/99 12/20/99 15d
12/9/99 12/28/99 14d
November December
1999Duration
Task Name
Excavate Zone3-1
Excavate Zone3-2
Excavate Zone3-3
Excavate Zone3-4
Excavate Zone3-5
Start Date
11/22/99
11/23/99
11/24/99
11/25/99
11/26/99
1d
1d
1d
1d
1d
22 23 24 25 26
Nov 99Duration Task Name
Mesh Zone 3-1
Mesh Zone 3-2
Mesh Zone 3-3
Mesh Zone 3-4
Mesh Zone 3-5
Start Date
11/30/99
12/2/99
12/4/99
12/7/99
12/8/99
2d
2d
1d
1d
1d
29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Nov 99 Dec 99Duration
Schedule Levels-of-Detail
Shape RepresentationLevels-of-Detail
Multiple levels of detail for product and process
1
2
5
4
3
1
23
45
FRCII: 2D & 4D
Next steps: Develop and test ...• ... functionality to maintain a ‘live’ 4D model
from early project planning to construction• … intuitive and interactive user interfaces,
visualizations• … links to project databases at multiple levels of
detail (cost, etc.)• … web-based 4D tools
– use of standard product/process models– xml
• … computer-based 4D analyses (cost, safety, resources, etc.)
• … metrics
