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Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan Kei GOMI, Department of Urban Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University 2011, July, 4-5 th SYMPOSIUM ON LOW CARBON ASIA RESEARCH PROJECTS
Transcript
Page 1: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan

Kei GOMI, Department of Urban Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University

2011, July, 4-5th

SYMPOSIUM ON LOW CARBON ASIA RESEARCH PROJECTS

Page 2: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Contents

Two Tools for Local LCS

3 Env. Goals & Budget Constraints

Shiga Prefecture

LCS & Landscape/Tourism

Kyoto City

2

Page 3: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

33

London

London Bristol

Chetenham

Chetenham

Woking

Woking

Woking

Leicestre

Californina

Californina

Californina

New Mexico

New Mexico

New Mexico

Connecticut

Connecticut

Oregon

Oregon

Oregon

Stockholm

Stockholm

Berlin

Berlin

Berlin

Munich

Munich

Toyonaka

Toyonaka

Toyonaka

Yokohama

Yokohama

Geneve

Geneve

Yokohama

Hiroshima

KashiwaChiyoda

Hiroshima

Kashiwa

Tokyo

New York

Buenos Aires

Chicago

Chicago

Hong Kong

Houston

Los Angels

Madrid

Madrid

Mexico City

Paris

Philadelphia

Rome

Sao PauloSeoul

Sydney

Toronto

Toronto

Toronto

Amsterdam

Copenhagen

Portland

Portland

Rotterdam,

Salt Lake City

San Francisco

Seattle

Stockholm

Freiburg

Boulder

Vaxjo

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070

Em

issi

on

tar

get

(B

ase

yea

r =

1)

Year

Emission targets of cities

-50%

2050

Page 4: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

4

Tools for Local LCS

Extended Snapshot Tool (ExSS)

Backcasting Tool (BCT)

Page 5: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

5

Vision

Socio-economic indicators

Energy demand

GHG emissions

LC measures

Target year

Roadmap

Schedule of measures

Cost to implement measures

GHG emissions reductions

Ancillary benefit of measuresPresent

Scenario

Backcasting Approach

Page 6: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

6

Vision

Socio-economic indicators

Energy demand

GHG emissions

LC measures

Target year

Roadmap

Schedule of measures

Cost to implement measures

GHG emissions reductions

Ancillary benefit of measuresPresent

Scenario

Backcasting Approach

ExSS

BCT

Page 7: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

7

A static model

6000 endogenous variables

Formulated by GAMS

Input and Output are MS Excel spread sheets.

Wage Income

Export by

goods

Government

expenditure

Investment

Import ratio

Input

coefficient

matrix

Labor productivity

Labor participation ratio

Household size

Consumption

pattern

Demographic composition

Taxation and

social security

Floor area per

output

Freight generation

per output

Transport distance

Modal share

Trip per person

Trip distance

Modal shareEnergy service

demand per driving

force

Fuel share

Energy

efficiency

CO2 emission factor

IO

analysis

Output by

industry

Consumption

Labor

demandPopulation

Number of

household

Output of

commercial

industry

Commercial

building

floor area

Freight

transport

demand

Passenger

transport

demand

Population

Energy service

demand

Output of

manufacturing

industry

Exogenous

variables

Parameters

Endogenous

variables

Final energy

demand

Energy demand

(DPG)

Central power

generation

(CPG)Energy demand

(CPG)

Primary energy

supply

Dispersed power

generation (DPG)

CO2 emssions

Energy efficiency

DPG

Energy efficiency

(CPG)

Fuel share (CPG)

Transmission loss

(CPG)

Own use (CPG)

Energy end-use

device share

Energy end-use

device energy

efficiency

Carbon sink

Extended Snapshot Tool (ExSS)

Page 8: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Backcasting Tool (BCT)

BCT estimates,

Schedule of measures to achieve LCS

Emission reduction pass

Annual input resource

8

8

Commercial year of

technologies

Necessary years to

implement

Direct GHG emission

reductions

Upper bound of

annual input resource

Relations between

measures

State in the starting

year

Required resource

input (human &

financial)

Integrated effect(ancillary and/or co-

benefit)

Schedule

Emission reductions

Input resource

Page 9: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

9

Shiga prefecture

KyotoOsaka

NagoyaKobe

Lake

Biwa

Page 10: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Lake Biwa & Surrounding Mt.

10

Page 11: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

11

Shiga Prefecture in 2000

Population : 1.39 million

Gross Regional Product: 5935 bill.YEN ( 60bill.$)

4.25 mill.YEN/capita (43000$/capita)

CO2 emissions: 12.5Mt-CO2

9.0t-CO2/capita

Page 12: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Climate change

mitigation

Revival of Lake Biwa

environment

Recycling system

GHG emissions :

-50% (related to 1990)

Nutrient load inflow :

-50%

Landfill waste:

-75%

Three Environmental Goals

12

Page 13: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Extension of ExSS

13

Output by

industry

PopulationNumber of

household

Commercial

building floor

area

Freight

transport

demand

Passenger

transport

demand

Land use

demand

Agriculture

production

Number of

livestock

Municipal waste

generation

Waste

landfill

CH4 emission

from griculture

Carbon sink

(forest)

Waste

incineration

CO2 emission

from incineration

CH4 emission

from landfill

Water nutrient

load emission

Water quality

GHGs Water Waste

Industrial waste

generation

Page 14: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Socio-Economic Scenario

14

20052030 BaU

2030BaU/ 2005

Population (103) 1397 1381 0.99

No. of households (103) 439 521 1.19

GDP (bill yen) 5935 7677 1.29

GDP per capita (mill yen/capita) 4.25 5.56 1.31

Gross output (trill. yen) 12 13 1.16

Primary industry 95 564 5.91

Secondary industry 7220 6470 0.90

Tertiary industry 4269 6401 1.50

Commercial floor area (mill.m2) 20 23 1.13

Passenger transport (mill p-km) 10670 16367 1.53

Freight transport (mill t-km) 3937 3397 0.86

Page 15: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

15

GHG Emissions in 2030

600469

960

924

897

416

335

12401686

2114

1430

12631013

67496383

6436

3769

1155

2906

1734

10801149

240101

283

235

156

165

303

303

-477

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1990 2000 2030BaU 2030with

measures

GHG e

missions

(1,0

00 t

-CO2eq)

Forestabsorption

Agriculture(methane)

Wasteincineration

Industrialprocess

FreightTransport

PassengerTransport

Industry

Businessoprrations

Household

12496

12877

14369

6276

Carbon Sink

Agriculture (methane)

Waste incineration

Industrial process

Freight transport

Passenger transport

Industry

Commercial

Household

Page 16: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

12496

14369

6276

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1990 2030BaU 2030with

measures

GH

G e

mis

sions/

reducti

ons

(1,0

00 t

-CO

2eq)

Forest absorption 477kt-CO2eq

Structural reform of transport

459kt-CO2eq

Environmentally friendly actions

880kt-CO2eq

Renewable energy 615kt-CO2eq

Fuel shifting 966kt-CO2eq

Efficiency improvement 3007kt-

CO2eq

CO2 per power generation

1687kt-CO2eq

EmissionsE

mis

sio

n r

ed

uc

tio

n

Emission reduction by measures

16

Page 17: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

17

70+ direct options in 2030Sector Measure Status to be achieved by 2030 What should be done now to achieve the status Reduction

Household Energy efficiency of equipment Improvement of efficiency by 30% in total Improvement rate of approximately 0.8% per annum; Selection of more energy efficient products at the time of replacement 551

HEMS Penetration at 90% of houses Start of penetration 60

Heat insulation level in houses Achievement of the next-generation heat insulation level in 90% of houses Selection of high heat insulation level at the time of newly building, remodeling, and changing houses 55

Biomass heating Penetration at 10% of households Selection of biomass at the time of replacement of heating appliance 39

Passive solar heating Penetration at 10% of households Installation at the time of newly building and remodeling houses 39

Energy saving actions Penetration at almost all households Start of penetration, and education 156

Photovoltaic power Penetration at 20% of households Continuous expansion 54

Solar water heater Penetration at 20% of households Continuous expansion 99

Other 89

Total in households 1144

Business Energy efficiency of equipment Improvement of efficiency by 36% in total Improvement rate of 1% per annum; Promotion of investment in energy saving 443

BEMS (business energy management

system)

Introduction to 90% of buildings 47

Heat insulation level in business buildings 90% of energy saving buildings in all buildings Selection of high heat insulation level at the time of new construction 31

Biomass heating Penetration rate of 10% Start of penetration 19

Energy saving actions Penetration at almost all business establishments Start of penetration, and education 43

Photovoltaic power Installation at 15% of buildings Expanded penetration 12

Other 79

Total in businesses 674

Industry Energy efficiency of equipment Improvement of efficiency by 28% in total Selection of more energy efficient products at the time of renewal of facilities 846

Fuel shift Selection of less carbon intensive fuel at the time of renewal of facilities 883

Natural gas 2000 8.6%→25.9%

Oil 2000 55.5%→39.4%

Coal 2000 4.9%→0.9%

Electric Power 2000 30.9%→33.7%

Total in industry 1729

Passenger Compact city Reduction of average distance of intra-city travel by 25% Prevention of extension of urban area, and vitalization of urban centers 215

Improvement of fuel efficiency of

automobiles

Improvement of average fuel efficiency of passenger cars by 60%

(penetration of hybrid cars at 90%)

Selection of cars with high fuel efficiency at the time of the purchase of a new car 788

Public transport, bicycles, and walking Share of railway:36% (31% in 2000) Shares of bicycles and walking: 16% in

total

Development of public transport (improvement of convenience) Development of sidewalks, bicycle roads, signals, etc. 633

633

Biomass fuel Penetration rate of 10% Start of introduction in some parts 193

Others 36

Total in passenger transport 1865

Freight Enhancement of logistics efficiency Reduction of transport per production by 30% Development of distribution centers, etc. 51

Modal shift Substitution of railway transport for freight for 50% of road transport to

distant prefectures

Development of railway for freight transport 194

Substitution of lake transport for 10% of the transport within the prefecture Planning and development of the idea

Biomass fuel Penetration rate of 10% Start of introduction 75

Others 150

Total in freight 470

Others Reduction of CO2 emissions per power generation 1687

Forest development Management of all artificial forests in Shiga Prefecture Establishment and execution of the maintenance plan; and financing for the maintenance of forests 477

Recycling of waste Improvement of the recycling rate of plastic by 36% Promotion of separated collection and reuse 48

Total 8094

kt-CO2eq

Page 18: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

4.0

0.5

1.6

0.3

0.6

0.7

8.0

4.4

0.1

0.1

1.9

1.6

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2000 2030

Load f

low

s in

to L

akeBiw

a(k

t/y)

7.7

16.2

1.8

0.9

0.6

0.2

0.3

0.4

3.0

0.9

0.4

0.4

0.7

0.6

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2000 2030

6.7

3.3

0.16

0.01

0.05

0.02

0.12

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.010.0070.02

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

2000 2030

Rainfall on the Lake surface

Groundwater

Landuse

Livestock

Factories

Households

0.38

0.09

COD TN TP

Water Nutrient Load

18

Page 19: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Generation and landfill of

industrial waste

286 146 71

1664 19102315

156198

259

18941950

2371

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2000年 2004年 2030年

千トン

減量化量

有償物量

再生利用量

最終処分量

40004203

5017

Reduced

Valuable

Recycled

Landfill

Kt

92

23

28.9

100.8

39

260

345

60

4.9

0.4

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2000年 2030年

千トン

自家処理量

減量化量

再生利用量

集団回収量

最終処分量

509

444 Treated at home

Reduced

Recycled

Group separation

and collection

Landfill

Kt

92

23

28.9

100.8

39

260

345

60

4.9

0.4

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2000年 2030年

千トン

自家処理量

減量化量

再生利用量

集団回収量

最終処分量

509

444 Treated at home

Reduced

Recycled

Group separation

and collection

Landfill

Kt

92

23

28.9

100.8

39

260

345

60

4.9

0.4

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2000年 2030年

千トン

自家処理量

減量化量

再生利用量

集団回収量

最終処分量

509

444 Treated at home

Reduced

Recycled

Group separation

and collection

Landfill

Kt

92

23

28.9

100.8

39

260

345

60

4.9

0.4

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2000年 2030年

千トン

自家処理量

減量化量

再生利用量

集団回収量

最終処分量

509

444 Treated at home

Reduced

Recycled

Group separation

and collection

Landfill

Kt

Waste Landfill

19

Generation and landfill of

municipal waste

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20

LCS Roadmap using BCM

1. Find barriers and indirect options

2. Develop Option Trees

3. Input parameters

Cost

Budget constraint

Relation between options

4. Run BCM

Page 21: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

21

The Option Trees

Page 22: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

22

The Option Trees

130+ options

Transport Business

LifestyleNew/Renewable

EnergyTown/

buildingsForest

conservation

Page 23: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

23

Constraints

Upper bound of gov. expenditure 15bill.YEN (2010-2012)

65bill.YEN (2013-2030)

cf. Shiga Pref’s budget: 500bill.YEN (FY2010)

No limit in private expenditure

Gov. expenditure includes; Subsidy

Infrastructure construction

Installation of energy-efficient equipments in government facilities

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24

Results: Implementation pass2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

公共交通利便性向上の検討

統一料金支払制度導入

統一料金支払制度導入による利用拡大

公共交通情報一元化システムの設計

公共交通情報一元化システムの導入

公共交通情報一元化システムの導入による利用拡大

公共交通機関利用者への割引

公共交通機関利用者への割引による利用拡大

バス経営者の経営状況改善支援

バス運行に適した道路整備

停留場所の確保と停留所改善

路線の見直し

公共車両優先システムの導入

バスの利用拡大

デマンドタクシーによる利便性向上

デマンドタクシーによる利便性向上によるバスの利用拡大

LRT導入計画の検討

LRT導入工事

LRT経営の支援

LRTの運営

既存鉄道の利用拡大計画策定

駐車場等の整備

駐車場等の運営

駐車場等の運営による鉄道の利用拡大

ターミナル等結節点の利便性向上

ターミナル等結節点の利便性向上による鉄道利用拡大

鉄道事業者の経営状況改善支援

ダイヤの改善(複線化など)

ダイヤの改善による鉄道利用拡大

新駅の建設

新駅の建設による鉄道利用拡大

自転車移動普及計画の検討

自転車利用の普及啓発

レンタル・メンテナンスステーションの整備

駅前駐輪場の整備市街地等自動車乗り入れ規制

(駅前の交通想定)自転車の利用拡大(駅前)

ベロタクシーの普及

ベロタクシーの普及による自転車利用の拡大

サイクルトレイン、バスの実施

サイクルトレイン、バスの実施による自転車利用拡大

電動アシスト自転車の普及支援自転車道の整備

(駅前以外での交通想定)自転車の利用拡大(駅前以外)

歩いて暮らせるまちづくり方針の策定

土地利用関連法令の整理

地域通貨の流通

公共施設(学校、病院など)の中心市街地への整備

中心市街地の開発誘致

中心市街地(既存商店街)の活性化

中心市街地(既存商店街)の活性化による削減

土地利用の誘導制度

郊外大店舗の出店規制

郊外の開発抑制による削減

通勤における公共交通利用配慮制度の実施

事業所の送迎バス導入支援

事業所の送迎バス導入による自動車利用の削減

モデル地域での社会実験

エコ交通啓発の実施

エコ交通啓発の実施による自動車利用の削減

低燃費車を活用したカーシェアリングの普及

低燃費車を活用したカーシェアリングの普及による削減

高速無料化等への対応

環境負荷の少ない交通へのインセンティブの導入

環境負荷の少ない交通へのインセンティブの導入による自動車利用の削減

エコドライブ月間、講習での啓発

エコドライブ浸透による燃費の向上

エコカー啓発キャンペーン

エコカー啓発キャンペーンによるエコカーの自発的な普及

電気自動車充電施設の普及推進

エコカー購入補助金

エコカー購入補助金によるエコカーの普及

改正品格法への対応

廃食油の回収

ナタネの作付け面積の拡大

BDF生産体制の整備

安価なBDF供給体制(販売網)の整備

BDF燃料利用の拡大

低燃費トラックへの更新支援

低燃費トラックへの更新支援による買換え拡大

陸上輸送と湖上輸送の連携システム検討

物流センターを中心とした物流システムの整備

物流センターによる物流合理化への誘導

鉄道輸送への転換計画検討

貨物駅整備を含む鉄道貨物輸送システムの整備

貨物の鉄道輸送への転換

船運への転換計画検討

貨物港整備を含む船運輸送システムの整備

貨物の船輸送への転換

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

省エネ診断士の養成

省エネ診断士による省エネ製品の普及

エコポイントの活用(省エネ家電、LED等への買い換え)

エコポイントによる省エネ製品の普及

HEMSの普及支援

HEMSの普及支援による使用拡大

グリーン購入の推進(生活)

グリーン購入の推進(生活)による一般廃棄物の減量

一般廃棄物の資源化推進

一般廃棄物の資源化推進による一般廃棄物の減量

カーボンフットプリント等の取組普及

カーボンフットプリント等をふまえた省エネ消費の拡大

木造住宅、木製品購入の促進

環境配慮行動のみえる化(みるエコおうみ)

地球温暖化防止活動推進員による出前講座

地球温暖化防止・省エネ学習のプログラムづくり

地球温暖化防止・省エネ学習の指導者育成

地域・学校・事業所での省エネ学習の推進

省エネ学習による家庭での省エネ行動の実践拡大

環境学習に関する情報提供、支援

環境学習、体験学習指導者の育成

環境学習・体験学習の推進(うみのこ、やまのこ、琵琶湖博物館を利用した体験学習、農業体験学習)

体験型学習の支援(琵琶湖博物館を利用)

試験研究の充実・発信・啓発

家庭、地域における環境学習の支援

事業所における環境学習の推進

環境学習による省エネ行動の拡大

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

風の道を活かしたまちづくり方針の策定整備マニュアルの作成

風の道の整備緑化を進めるまちづくり方針の策定

整備マニュアルの作成

公園・街路樹の整備緑化ガイドラインの作成(地表面)

緑化工事(地表面)支援地表面被覆の緑化拡大

親水空間の造成推進緩和空間の拡大

雨水利用の普及支援LED街灯等の省エネ設備整備支援

商店街施設(街灯)の省エネ化の拡大緑化ガイドラインの作成(屋上・壁面)

緑化工事(屋上・壁面)支援

屋上・壁面の緑化住宅・建築物の省エネルギー化普及方法の検討住宅・建築物の省エネルギー化推進制度の導入

住宅・建築物の省エネルギー化普及啓発

断熱性能の高い住宅・建築物の新築、改修拡大住宅性能表示制度の普及

省エネルギーに関する住宅性能表示の活用住宅・建築物の省エネルギー化の支援(省エネ

住宅の優遇)住宅・建築物の省エネ化の拡大

パッシブシステムの普及方法の検討パッシブシステムの普及啓発

パッシブシステムの普及支援パッシブシステムの導入拡大

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

新たな技術機器の導入

低コスト、省力化技術の導入

エネルギー効率改善メリットの啓発

ESCO事業による省エネ機器の普及

省エネ機器への更新による削減

店舗での照明機器等の省エネ化の拡大

24時間営業の抑制の拡大

BEMSの導入支援による普及拡大

特定事業者の計画届出制度による機器の更新

環境マネジメントを普及推進

省エネ診断の実施支援

工事施工上の環境対策指導

省エネ法に基づく省エネ対策の支援

グリーン購入の推進(産業)

産業廃棄物の資源化支援

省エネ、環境ビジネスの創出支援

地域内循環ビジネスの推進

IT活用した産業システムへの変換支援

農業機械、施設の省エネ支援

節水、反復利用への支援

低コスト、省力化技術の導入

洵産農産物への促進支援

地場産農林水産物の利用啓発

地場産農産物の地域内流通促進

飼料作物の自給率向上推進

木材の地産地消の啓発

たい肥の適地施用による農地土壌の炭素貯留法開発支援

水田からのメタン排出抑制する営農の支援

N2O排出抑制する施肥実施の支援

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

路網の整備

治山事業の推進

保安林指定の拡大

企業の森林保全活動支援など

間伐等の適正実施

環境に配慮した森作りの拡大

県産材の規格化

県産材の生産体制の確立

流通拠点の整備

住宅公共建築物および木製品への県産材利用推進

県産材利用拡大

県産材利用に対する税優遇

県産材利用に対する税優遇による県産材利用拡大

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Emission reduction pass

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

Em

issi

on

redu

ctio

n (k

tCO

2)

Forest ConservationNew & Renwable EnergyBusiness

LifestyleTown & BuildingsTransport

Cumulative emission reduction: 78MtCO2

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Government expenditure

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2028

2030

Em

issi

on r

educ

tion

(M

tCO

2)

ForestConservation

New & RenwableEnergy

Business

Lifestyle

Town & Buildings

Transport

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Kyoto City

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Page 28: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

About Kyoto City 2005

Demography

Population 1.47million

Household 0.65 million

Economy

GDP 6.1 trillion yen (67Bill.$)

Per capita GDP 46100 $

Industrial structure p:s:t = 0.2 : 28 : 71

GHG emissions 8015 ktCO2 (5.5tCO2/capita)

Famous sightseeing place(17 world heritage)

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Page 29: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Sightseeing & Transport

Convenient transport for:

Visitors

Pedestrians

Public transport

Pedestrian, bicycle road

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Page 30: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Landscape policy

Tall buildings are not allowed

“Compact city” can not be an option

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Page 31: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Traditional Buildings & LCS

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Using local wood

Enhance forestry

Increase carbon sink of the forest

Page 32: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Framework

Base year: 2005

Target year: 2030

Low-carbon target: -40% compared to 1990 level

Two cases: Frozen at current levels case

Corrective measures case

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Page 33: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Snapshot of Kyoto City in 2030

33

Socio-economic indicators GHG emissions

Page 34: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Low-carbon direct measures

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Contribution to CO2 emissions reduction (compared to Frozen)

Direct measures

Page 35: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Low-carbon measures

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Page 36: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Modal shift

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237ktCO2

(6.6%)

Page 37: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Forest carbon sink

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129ktCO2

(3.6%)

Page 38: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Action 1 Workable city, Kyoto

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43.8

Page 39: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Action 1 Workable city, Kyoto

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43.8

Page 40: Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios …2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/11070405/presentation/Dr.Gomi.pdf · Application of AIM models for Local LCS scenarios in Japan ... Relations

Conclusion

ExSS & BCT can be utilized according to the needs of the city/region

In Shiga pref.,

ExSS was extended to three environmental Goals.

Budget constraints were considered in BCT

In Kyoto city, Landscape & Sightseeing policies were considered

40


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