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Application of an SEA Application of an SEA framework inframework in
Palar River BasinPalar River BasinTamil Nadu, IndiaTamil Nadu, India
Presentation atPresentation atStrategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) SesssionStrategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Sesssion
February 26, WaterWeek ’04February 26, WaterWeek ’04
N. HarshadeepN. HarshadeepSouth Asia Environmental and Social Development South Asia Environmental and Social Development
Unit (SASES)Unit (SASES)The World BankThe World Bank
The FrameworkThe FrameworkMergingMerging SEA SEA & IWRM & IWRM
ApproachesApproaches
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
[Basin EA = Sectoral EA + Regional EA]
Integrated Water Resources Planning
& Management (IWRM)
Sustainable Basin
Planning & Management
Issues/Information
Analysis of AlternativesStakeholder ConsultationPolicy/Institutional Reforms
Upstream Input into Decision Making
Proactive Scoping/ScreeningKnowledge Base
Holistic Basin FrameworkScenario Analysis; Modeling
Stakeholder ParticipationInstitutional Capacity Building
Decision Support Systems
Cumulative Impact AssessmentSupply, Demand, Quality
“Do No Harm”: Minimize environmental/social risks“Do Good”: Maximize sustainable environmental/social benefits
Maximize Sustainable Productivity of Water(Net Benefits of Water)
Limitations of ApproachLimitations of Approach Limited awareness of environmental Limited awareness of environmental
issues, SEA, or IWRMissues, SEA, or IWRM Multiplicity of StakeholdersMultiplicity of Stakeholders Fragmentation of InstitutionsFragmentation of Institutions Lack of effective consultative frameworksLack of effective consultative frameworks Limitations of Knowledge Base/AnalysisLimitations of Knowledge Base/Analysis Strong political will to implement Strong political will to implement
recommendationsrecommendations Mental move from “crisis management” to Mental move from “crisis management” to
“shared vision planning and management”“shared vision planning and management”
……but there are few other options left for but there are few other options left for many basins such as the Palar…many basins such as the Palar…
Location & Characteristics of the Palar Basin
TAMIL NADUTAMIL NADU
IRS, IWS, Taramani, Chennai 600 113
Palar Basin
River Basin Map
Boundaries are indicative and may be under dispute
First Multi-Stakeholder Basin Board in South Asia RegionFirst Multi-Stakeholder Basin Board in South Asia Region
Palar Basin Palar Basin CharacteristicsCharacteristics
• Basin Area: 18,300 km2 (10,910 km2 in TN)
• Rainfall: 1039 mm (SW: 458 mm; NE: 461 mm)
• Potential Supply: About 1,500 MCM SW; 2,700 MCM GW
• Current Demands: 2560 MCM (88% Irrigation)
• Industries: 88 large; 22,695 small (30 MLD effluent)
• River flows for 15 days in year!• Storage: 11 reservoirs, 4,900 rainfed tanks and 661 “system” tanks
• About 250,000 wells (mostly dug wells)• GW: 50% blocks over-exploited; 41% critical/semi-critical
• Population: 5.4 million (62 million in TN)
• Agricultural land: 63%• Farmers: 62% marginal (<0.5 ha); 18% small (0.5-1 ha) and 20% medium&large (>1ha)
• About 450 Tannery units (in Vellore) with 9 CETPs
Ocean
River Basin Boundary
Irrigation
NavigationNavigation
IndustryIndustryUrban WSSUrban WSS
ReservoirReservoir
RecreationRecreation
HydropowerHydropower
FishingFishingFishing
Community Use
Wetlands / Environment
Community Use
Wetlands / EnvironmentWetlands / Environment
Rainfed AgrRainfed Agr
LivestockLivestock
ForestForest
Rural WSSRural WSS
IrrigationIrrigation
Groundwater
Infiltration / Recharge
Base Flow / Pumping
Groundwater Inflow
Groundwater Outflow
Runoff
Evaporation / Transpiration
Groundwater
Infiltration / Recharge
Base Flow / Pumping
Groundwater Inflow
Groundwater Outflow
Runoff
Evaporation / Transpiration
Return FlowReturn Flow
Agriculture & Livestock(pesticide and fertilizer pollution, livestock fodder, grazing land availability, medicinal
plants, pest/pesticide management, organic cultivation, clean milk production)
Irrigation(access to water,
waterlogging, water quality, siltation/erosion)
Rural Water Supply & Sanitation(access to clean water, pollution of local water
bodies, drinking water quality & testing)
Industry & Power(access to required water, industrial
effluent and sludge management, thermal pollution, industrial disasters)
Environment(water quality/pollution monitoring, instream flow requirements (incl.
community use), wetlands protection, biodiversity conservation, sand
mining)
Fisheries-related (exotic species, access to
resources, disease & pollution)
Navigation(dredging spoil management, spills)
Tourism(waste management, seasonal
demands)
Groundwater-Related(Overexploitation;
Pollution from natural sources – e.g. of As, Fl; and from anthropogenic
sources – e.g. of Nitrates, Pesticides, TDS)
Land & Forest Management(catchment protection for soil and water
conservation, soil degradation, incl. salinization, biodiversity conservation, recharge, water
harvesting, non-point source runoff)
Coastal Zone Management(Saline water intrusion, coastal wetland management, ocean
pollution, coastal hazard management, fisheries-related)
Urban(health benefits from access to clean water and
sanitation, domestic and stormwater runoff treatment/management, sludge management, solid
and hazwaste management)
Climate & Disasters(droughts, floods and other natural
disasters, climate change)
Overall(environmental awareness, competition for water, growing demands,
construction and operation-related safeguards, environmental knowledge base and decision support systems, adequacy of policies, institutions, instruments, incentives & coordination in
management of the resource base and service delivery; cultural property management, appropriate indigenous knowledge use)
Dams(siltation, dam safety, downstream releases)
TypicalEnvironmental Issues
in a Basin Context
Palar BasinPalar BasinMultiple IssuesMultiple Issues forfor Multiple Multiple
StakeholdersStakeholders
Catchment Degradation
Water Pollution(Tanneries, Waste Dumps, Textiles, Other Industries,
Domestic, Fertilizer/Pesticide)
Tank/Canal/Groundwater Irrigated AgricultureCoastal Zone Management
Water Harvesting Urban Water Supply & Sewerage
Rural Water Supply
Inter-Basin TransferSand Mining
Competing Water Uses& Unclear Entitlements
Tank Degradation
Water Scarcity
Groundwater Management
Agr. Dept/Agr. Engr. DeptWUA/Farmers
Water Resources OrganizationInstitute for Water Studies
TWAD BoardMetroWater
TNEB
Livestock Department
Industry DepartmentTanneries/CLRI
Environment DepartmentTN Pollution Control Board
Loss of Ecology Comm.
Fisheries Department
Forest Department
Palar Basin Board& Secretariat
IndustrialistsLocal GovernmentAcademiaNGOs, Politicians, etc.
Salt-impacted Agricultural Productivity
Work Undertaken So FarWork Undertaken So Far Meetings, Workshops, Meetings, Workshops,
DiscussionsDiscussions Consultant InputsConsultant Inputs Knowledge Base DevelopmentKnowledge Base Development Background Background
Notes/PresentationsNotes/Presentations Training/Awareness BuildingTraining/Awareness Building Vision Statement & Action PlanVision Statement & Action Plan Mainstreaming into work Mainstreaming into work
supported by Tamil Nadu Water supported by Tamil Nadu Water Resources Consolidation Project Resources Consolidation Project (TNWRCP)(TNWRCP) with WRO, IWS, State with WRO, IWS, State Surface and GW Data Center, River basin Surface and GW Data Center, River basin boards, technical secretariat, environmental boards, technical secretariat, environmental cells, multi-disciplinary project preparation cells, multi-disciplinary project preparation panel, industry groups, agriculture dept, panel, industry groups, agriculture dept, Agr. Engr. Dept, Water User Associations, Agr. Engr. Dept, Water User Associations, Research Institutions, Academia, etc.Research Institutions, Academia, etc.
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50.00
100.00
150.00
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400.00
450.00
500.00
Flo
w (
MC
M/m
on
th)
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
Month
Flows in the Palar Basin
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S17 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16
Summary of Key Environmental Issues Summary of Key Environmental Issues & Possible Approaches in the Palar Basin& Possible Approaches in the Palar Basin
1. Water Pollution
• WW Treatment
• HRTS
• IPM/IPNM
• Other
• Supply-Side (Desilt Tanks as appropriate, Improve Recharge, regulate sand mining)
• Demand-Side (Use less water intensive crops & irrigation systems)
• Management (Improve water regulation)
• Optimize Cropping Patterns and Irrigation Technologies
• IPM/IPNM
• Manage Pollution
3. Impact Related Problems (Agriculture/Health)
2. Resource Degradation
Interaction of IssuesInteraction of Issues
EnvironmentalEnvironmental SocialSocial
EconomicEconomic
Pollution (from industry, settlements)Sand miningGroundwater depletionTank siltationCatchment degradationSustainable agriculture
LivelihoodsEquityAccess to clean waterSocial structureMigrationPoverty AlleviationHealth
Sustainable IncomesSubsidiesEfficiencySustainable GrowthInvestment Prioritization
• Decreased availability of water due to overexploitation of groundwater resources; Increased sand mining in the Basin
• Increased pollution of ground and surface waters• Degradation of Tanks and water supply structures• Siltation in tanks and intake channels• Decrease in the yield and quality of agricultural crops
• Prevalence of water borne disease and other health problems
• Labour shifts from agriculture to industrial sector
• Costs involved in repairing tanks and shifting water supply structures
Depletion of Resources (Water; Forests; Sand)
Degradation of Environment (Water; Soil; Crops;
Infrastructure)
Risks to Health & Ecosystems (Water borne diseases; Occupational health;
Bioaccumulation of pollutants)
Distortion on Employment and Income Generation
(Loss of livelihood; Occupational shifts and migrations)
Macro Economic Basin Wide Issues (Costs of Remediation; Shifting, Rehabilitation of
structures, etc.)
Progression of Issues in Progression of Issues in the Palarthe Palar
Targeted OutcomesTargeted Outcomes Enhance knowledge base & analytical capacityEnhance knowledge base & analytical capacity Provide a focal point for stakeholder participationProvide a focal point for stakeholder participation
Improve AwarenessImprove Awareness Move to more level playing fieldMove to more level playing field Elicit and discuss multiple stakeholder perspectivesElicit and discuss multiple stakeholder perspectives Develop shared vision planning of basinDevelop shared vision planning of basin Improve networking, coordinationImprove networking, coordination
Inform decisions (e.g. tasks, investment priorities)Inform decisions (e.g. tasks, investment priorities) Determine priorities, “low hanging fruit” and Determine priorities, “low hanging fruit” and
areas of conflictareas of conflict Move towards resolution of problemsMove towards resolution of problems
Stakeholder MeetingsStakeholder MeetingsKey IngredientsKey Ingredients (e.g. Dec’03 mtg in (e.g. Dec’03 mtg in
Kancheepuram)Kancheepuram)
Information ResourcesInformation Resources& Preparatory Work& Preparatory Work
Facilities/ EquipmentFacilities/ Equipment
BalancedBalancedBreakout GroupsBreakout Groups
Enthusiastic ParticipationEnthusiastic ParticipationEffective FacilitationEffective Facilitation
Hard work Behind-the-ScenesHard work Behind-the-Scenes
Good Stakeholder GroupGood Stakeholder Group
From Vision to Action
Vision
Strategies
Problem solving process
Tasks/ Actions
What? Alternatives? Who? When? Where? Resources? Capacity? Indicators?
InstitutionsPolicy/Regulations Resources
ObjectivesPrinciples
Tactics
How will it be done?
Issues
Information Instruments
Structured InteractionStructured Interaction
Political SupportPolitical Support
Draft Vision Statement for the Draft Vision Statement for the Palar Basin BoardPalar Basin Board
TThe Palar River Basin Management and Development he Palar River Basin Management and Development
Board (PRBMDB) seeks to Board (PRBMDB) seeks to improve, safeguard and improve, safeguard and monitor the water and land resources programsmonitor the water and land resources programs of of its member organizations. As an apex body, the its member organizations. As an apex body, the PRBMDB endeavors the primary role in sustainable PRBMDB endeavors the primary role in sustainable water resources planning and management in an water resources planning and management in an integrated manner covering the activities of all integrated manner covering the activities of all departments concerned.departments concerned.
To promote, advice, direct and coordinate sustainable To promote, advice, direct and coordinate sustainable management and development of water, land and forest management and development of water, land and forest resources including the environmental aspects in the basin.resources including the environmental aspects in the basin.
To increase awareness, participation and commitment of To increase awareness, participation and commitment of people and to protect and enhance their wellbeing.people and to protect and enhance their wellbeing.
To follow a participatory, transparent and objective approach To follow a participatory, transparent and objective approach and become a model for other river basins in India.and become a model for other river basins in India.
Structured Process to move from Vision to Action
Vision
Strategies
Problem solving process
Tasks/Actions
What? Alternatives? Who? When? Where? Resources? Capacity? Indicators?
InstitutionsPolicy/Regulations Resources
ObjectivesPrinciples
Tactics
How will it be done?
Issues
Information Instruments
Sample Group Worksheet Table EntrySample Group Worksheet Table EntryObjective Objective Strategy Strategy Tactics Tactics Tasks Tasks
STRATEGYSTRATEGY TACTICSTACTICS TASKSTASKS
Water Demand Management
Artificial Recharge
Mininise Sand Mining
Change In Cropping Pattern
Water Reuse & Recycling
Withdrawal Priorities
Micro Irrigation Systems
RWH at Community Level
Conjunctive Use Substitutes For
Sand Implementation In
Critical Areas
Systematic Assessment Of Resources
Municipal Sewage Treatment And Use
Awareness Creation Apportioning Among
Sources/Sectors Augmentation
Through Recharge Structures
Community Wells Research And
Development for Substitute For Sand
Sprinkler Drip Irrigation
Group on Resource DegradationGroup on Resource Degradation
Objective One: Objective One: Groundwater Resource RestorationGroundwater Resource Restoration
Draft Action Plan: Key Draft Action Plan: Key ElementsElements
Identification of all major polluters with respect to pollutional load/Apportionment of Pollution aming sources/sectorsIdentifying the major polluted sites and critical constituents to be addressed and prioritization.
Systematic Assessment of Resources (surface and ground water quality/qty, meteorological data, tank mgmt, silitation), on agricultural productivity, etc.Identification of technical and non technical bottlenecks for their non-compliance for safe disposal. Arriving at technical and non technical solutions to over come the bottlenecks – integrated planning Study of assimilating capacity of Palar river basin. Identification of technologies available world over and selection of technology. R&D for Sand Substitute
Comprehensive Environmental Assessment for BasinBenchmarking (agr, industry)Planning by Municipalities on Wastewater and Solid Waste ManagementStatus on flora/fauna of Basin
Knowledge Base Improvement/Analysis
Conduct stakeholder meetings regularly at village level to educate about ill effects and precautions. REVIVING “KUDIMARAMATHU” through WUAAppraise major polluters of their responsibility with emphasis on safe disposal Propagate quality standards and legal implications of non-compliance SHG INVOLVEMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT Mass media education of public Farmers training and demonstration Producer entrepreneurship Consumer link Awareness creation Make people use Sanitary facilities and waste mgmt through persuasion Regular workshops/task working groups for appraisal/monitoring/planningInvolve Water User Associations and NGOsInvolvement of Government (e.g. Collector) for AwarenessExposure visits (within and outside the state)Inclusion of env. issues into school curriculumDissemination of information on water quantity/quality at various sectionsMotivate local bodies for wastewater & solid waste mgmt (Municipalities/Town Panchayats/Village Panchayats)
Dissemination of informationWebsite on Palar Board (database & upcoming events)+B52
Training of various stakeholders
Awareness/Training
Identify technology and industrial Pilot plant studies for Implementation with scope for sustainability and replicability (incl. Composting/segregation/ biomethanization /remedial / RO reuse/reject mgmt pilots; industrial ecology-ecological engr networking)Adaptive in-situ trials for optimal cropping patterns (incl. salt tolerant, implements)Promotion of eco-friendly agriculture (IPM/IPNM/Organic Cultivation/Water reducing agr /& irrig. Practices
Solid Waste Management Facility Pilots
Hazardous waste managementComposting Weed Management
Pilot Activities
MUNICIPAL SEWAGE TREATMENT AND USE AUGMENTATION THROUGH RECHARGE STRUCTURES COMMUNITY WELLS
SPRINKLER DRIP IRRIGATION CONTOUR BUNDING, TRENCHING & TERRACING, STRIP CROPPINGSOURCE SEGRATION/COMPOSTING
AFFORESTATION AND RECHARGE STRUCTURES
Establish/ modernize regional soil testing laboratories Construction of water harvesting structures at appropriate sites Construction of sanitary facilities Disposal of solid waste
Industrial Pollution Management
Interventions
IDENTIFICATION AND FORMATION OF COMMITTEES FOR PLANNING AND ACTION
Periodical monitoring and review of the implemented technologies and upgrading the same.
Human and financial Resources Fixing time frame for various activities. Periodical monitoring and review with the stake holder’s participation and periodical training.
Organizing stake holders, R and D institutions interaction and finalization of appropriate technologies Take legal measures for non compliance/EnforcementHow to go ahead institutionally?
Process
Next StepsNext Steps Palar Basin SEA Multi-Palar Basin SEA Multi-
stakeholder Workshopsstakeholder Workshops Refinement, initial Refinement, initial
implementation & implementation & monitoring of Action monitoring of Action PlansPlans on: on: Pollution ManagementPollution Management Health and AgricultureHealth and Agriculture Water ResourcesWater Resources
Integration into Proposed Integration into Proposed Successor TN Water Successor TN Water Resources Project Resources Project (social and (social and environmental assessment, decision environmental assessment, decision support systems, investments support systems, investments considered, partnerships facilitated)considered, partnerships facilitated) 99
C1D1
Veg
avat
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Cheyyar R
Mal
atta
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Kav
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Goddar R
Raj
atho
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ar R
Vel
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Aga
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Kanmandalar R
Nag
a R
Kanmandalar R
Kam
andal
arN
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S3
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Mordhana Res.
RajathopeKanar Res.
Mahendravadi Tank
Kaveripakkam Tank
SriperambudurTank
Kalavai Tank
DusiMamandur Tank
SakkaraMallurTank
Poin
ey R
Shenbagathope Res.
Uttaramerur Tank
Madurantagan Tank
S13
KolavoyTank
To Ponnayar Basin
O2
To Rajali Naval Base
O3To Alandur-Pallavaram-
Tambaram
O4To Maramalainagar
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D26
D30 D31
S12
Poiney Anaicut
Palar Anaicut
Aliabad AnaicutKamandalaNagaNadi Anaicut
Upper Cheyyar Anaicut
LowerCheyyar Anaicut
Thandarai Anaicut
UttaramerurAnaicut
Palar Basin Schematic
C2
C3
C4 C5
C6 C7
C8
C16
C9C10
C11
C12 C13
C14
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C18 E1S1 C19
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Nee
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Mad
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S16
Che
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Odai
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C21
The
nner
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S17
ThenneriTank
C22
D53
D11
A long way to go, but a good start…
……Summing UpSumming Up Requirements for an SEA approach for Requirements for an SEA approach for
IWRMIWRM Manifestation of real problemsManifestation of real problems Political, bureaucratic & other stakeholder Political, bureaucratic & other stakeholder
commitment to achieve consensus to move ahead; commitment to achieve consensus to move ahead; emergence of championsemergence of champions
The 4 Is: Institutions, Information, Instruments, The 4 Is: Institutions, Information, Instruments, IncentivesIncentives
Work demonstrates inextricably interlinked Work demonstrates inextricably interlinked nature of environmental, social, economic nature of environmental, social, economic and water issuesand water issues
A Structured SEA process complements and A Structured SEA process complements and supplements basin managementsupplements basin management
Processes are as important as ProductsProcesses are as important as Products Shows great potential for other basins – but Shows great potential for other basins – but
it is essential to develop customized it is essential to develop customized approaches for each basin!approaches for each basin!