Applications of GIS In Public Health Engineering

SWE 353 (2+1)Public Health Engineering

S.Meena, BTG-12-018S.Vignesh, BTG-12-037

GISGeographic Information System (GIS) is an information system that is used to input, store, retrieve, manipulate, analyze and output geographically referenced data.

In order to support decision making for planning and management of land use, natural resources, environment, transportation, urban facilities, and other administrative records.

Public Health PracticeResearch Tools and Planning

Constructing mathematical models

Disease Tracking and Control Service planning and optimization

Locating areas with the greatest need Making predictions

Identifying what areas will need help next

Identifying where diseases might spread

Continued…. Spatial Decision Support Systems

Infrastructure –roads, towns, services

Census –population statistics

Medical resource (hospitals, clinics) Response Systems

Medicare records,

Disease register systems

Site Selection of Reservoir Structure constructed across the river at a suitable

site to develop an artificial reservoir for the storage of water

Satellite images on scale can be used to prepare thematic maps depicting the – Vegetation, soil cover, geomorphologic features,

drainage pattern and watershed areas ,contours. Can be integrated and using multi-criteria analysis we

can find the suitable site for the location of the reservoirs.

In differ the localities, variety of plantation , People can be made to migrate without impairing or imbalancing ecosystem.

Based on the latest available remote sensing information on water and land resources, integrated with the GIS provides an insight for planning the rehabilitation without endangering the existing environment.

SOURCE : Tiwari, R.S. and Garg, P.K. (1995) Land form and Land uses using GIS

Water Supply Systems Can be easily analyzed using GIS and RS. It facilitates the design of

– rural & urban drinking network– positioning of the storage water tank– assessment of the water quality– selection of the source of water for the water

supply system.with consideration of ground surface properties, land use changing and ownership.

Water Quality Assessment Quality assessment was done using GIS based on the

existing wells which are mapped as point features with supporting quality attributes fields and known criteria.

Point interpolation by moving average is used to find

the spatial pattern of water quality.

Also, Static level of the purposed well is estimated by spatial interpolation of the water table for existing wells.

SOURCE : ILWIS 3.0 User’s Guide,2001, Sector Remote Sensing & GIS, International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences ,The Netherlands.

Site Suitability Evaluation for Treatment Plant

It is a major criteria for defending the environmental degradation.

If proper location for the treatment plant is not selected then it may lead to soil degradation and ground water pollution.

Environ. Poll. & Public Health

Population growth and unsustainable industrial and agricultural developments degrade the long-existing environmental balance of the globe.

GIS can be used to map such pollutions and environmental damages, then to compare and overlay them with the locations of water resources, cultivation area and human settlements.

Disease monitoring & Control Making such activities possible is to map and

monitor the time and location of the disease. Spatial data collected are either in the form of

points for individual persons, polygons for regions along with disease statistical data.

In a GIS using such geographical data and link the statistical data then we can generate the many thematic maps.

Case Study - NagercoilTamil Nadu

SOURCE: K. Deepa, M. Krishnaveni (2012), “Suitable Site Selection of Decentralised Treatment Plants Using Multicriteria Approach in GIS”

CRITERIA TABLEThe weights are assigned to various classes in the thematic layers.

Area of Different Categories of sewage treatment plant site

Sewage Network Map

Primary Sewer

Secondary Sewer

Tertiary Sewer

GIS – Coimbatore City

Zonal Ward map

Consists 4 Zones and each zones contains 18 wards, Each zone is headed by an assist. commissioner who is delegated with adequate powers to discharge his functions effectively .

The Arc view calculator was used to obtain the P.D value. It denotes that No of persons Per Area of ward. More than 50% of the wards are identified with density b/w 9934 to 28727 persons per sq.km. These are the potential wards for development and high growth rate is attributed to these wards About 20 wards densities ranging up to 9933 Persons/sq.km

Based on population of each ward and the waste generation of each ward using this per capita waste generation map were prepared. Per capita solid waste generation is denotes (Total weight of solid waste generated per day) Per (Population served)

Advantages In-depth analysis shown on a single

page –no written explanation needed

Audience needs no special knowledge or training to understand maps

Works perfectly with simple graphs and charts to present study results or any data to decision makers (legislators, community partners, administration)

Disadvantages

Expensive software Impossible without minimal

training Time consuming Process

Remote sensing and GIS makes easier to get valuable information about the study area.

GIS enables us to integrate different layers and to manage large database.

It gives more accurate results when compared to conventional methods.

Hence GIS is proved to be a powerful tool in managing spatial and non spatial databases in suitability evaluation.

Conclusion

References www.coimbatoremunicipal.com Kusum Lata, 2004, GIS Based Monitoring System For Urban

Water Supply System, National Institute of Urban Affairs ,India Habitat

Centre, New Delhi Riner ME, Cunningham C, Johnson A. Public health education and practice using geographic information system technology.

ESRI, 1995, Using GRID with Arc/Info, Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc., Redlands, California.

LaScala EA, Gruenewald PJ, Johnson FWPublic Health Nursing. January-February 2004;21(1):57-65.

The possible applications for GIS are limitless.If you can imagine it, then it can be created

There are many ways to view the Earth…..