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Copyright 2016 InterCAX LLC 1 75 Fifth Street NW, Suite 312 Atlanta, GA 30308, USA voice: +1-404-592-6897 web: www.Intercax.com email: [email protected] Dirk Zwemer, Intercax LLC Technote: Application of MBE to Automotive Engineering Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Syndeia..................................................................................................................................................... 2 System Architecture Model ..................................................................................................................... 3 Inter-model Connections ......................................................................................................................... 5 Visualizing the Total System Model ......................................................................................................... 5 The Future of MBE for Automotive and Transportation Applications ..................................................... 7 About the Author .................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction Engineering in the automotive industry faces a broad set of challenges: Rapidly changing technology encompassing mechanical, electronic, software and other engineering disciplines Diverse bodies of requirements: market, regulatory and technical High product mix and extensive individual customization and integration Extended supply chains across organizational and international boundaries Because of these challenges, automotive engineers have been leaders in developing and adopting advanced techniques in systems engineering. Their engineering tool needs include An architectural framework inclusive of structure, behavior, requirements and analysis Cross-vendor and cross-discipline interoperability Easy-to-use, non-discipline-specific query and visualization capabilities Model-Based Engineering (MBE) depends on a single, self-consistent digital model of the system, spread across multiple engineering tools and repositories, as illustrated in Figure 1. It extends the concept of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) of capturing a system’s specification as a model, rather than a series of static disconnected documents. As the MBSE idea developed, it became clear that a single model in a single tool, for example, a SysML system architecture model, was insufficient for the purpose.
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Copyright2016InterCAXLLC1

75 Fifth Street NW, Suite 312 Atlanta, GA 30308, USA voice: +1-404-592-6897 web: www.Intercax.com

email: [email protected]

DirkZwemer,IntercaxLLC

Technote: Application of MBE to Automotive Engineering

Introduction.............................................................................................................................................1

Syndeia.....................................................................................................................................................2

SystemArchitectureModel.....................................................................................................................3

Inter-modelConnections.........................................................................................................................5

VisualizingtheTotalSystemModel.........................................................................................................5

TheFutureofMBEforAutomotiveandTransportationApplications.....................................................7

AbouttheAuthor....................................................................................................................................7

Introduction Engineeringintheautomotiveindustryfacesabroadsetofchallenges:

• Rapidlychangingtechnologyencompassingmechanical,electronic,softwareandotherengineeringdisciplines

• Diversebodiesofrequirements:market,regulatoryandtechnical• Highproductmixandextensiveindividualcustomizationandintegration• Extendedsupplychainsacrossorganizationalandinternationalboundaries

Becauseofthesechallenges,automotiveengineershavebeenleadersindevelopingandadoptingadvancedtechniquesinsystemsengineering.Theirengineeringtoolneedsinclude

• Anarchitecturalframeworkinclusiveofstructure,behavior,requirementsandanalysis• Cross-vendorandcross-disciplineinteroperability• Easy-to-use,non-discipline-specificqueryandvisualizationcapabilities

Model-BasedEngineering(MBE)dependsonasingle,self-consistentdigitalmodelofthesystem,spreadacrossmultipleengineeringtoolsandrepositories,asillustratedinFigure1.ItextendstheconceptofModel-BasedSystemsEngineering(MBSE)ofcapturingasystem’sspecificationasamodel,ratherthanaseriesofstaticdisconnecteddocuments.AstheMBSEideadeveloped,itbecameclearthatasinglemodelinasingletool,forexample,aSysMLsystemarchitecturemodel,wasinsufficientforthepurpose.

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InModel-basedEngineering,allthedisciplinesandtoolsintheengineeringprocessareengagedinanongoingnetwork.

Figure1TotalSystemModelasaNetworkofConnectionsinsideandbetweenEngineeringSoftwareToolsandRepositories

Syndeia Syndeia™,fromIntercax,isaplatformforthepracticeofMBE.AsshowninFigure2,itusesasystemarchitecturemodelascentralhubandconnectsSysMLelementstoelementsinPLM,CAD,ALM(applicationlifecyclemanagement),projectmanagement,requirements,simulationandotherengineeringtools.

SysMLisaneffectivemediumforbuildingahigh-levelroadmapofthesystembecauseitprovidesarichlanguageforconnectingstructure,behavior,requirementsandanalysisconcepts,conceptsthatcanmaptocorrespondingconceptsinmorespecializedtools.Currently,SyndeiasupportstwoSysMLmodelingtools,MagicDraw(NoMagicInc.)andIBMRationalRhapsody,andavarietyofothertools,including

TeamcenterandNX(Siemens),WindchillandCreo(PTC),MySQL(Oracle),DOORSNG(IBMRational),Simulink(TheMathworks),JIRA(Atlassian),GitHub(GitHub,Inc.)andExcel(Microsoft).ContactIntercaxtolearnaboutsupportforothertools.

Figure2Syndeiaarchitecture

Copyright2016InterCAXLLC3

System Architecture Model WebeginbydescribingasimpleSysMLmodel(availablefordownloadfromtheIntercaxwebsite)thatwillactasthecentralconnectionpointforourtotalsystemmodel.Structuraldecompositionforoursystem-of-interest,Vehicle(Figure3),showsmultiplesubsystems.ThesamediagramshowsthatsixdifferentspecializationsofthePowertrainsubsystemhavebeenidentified,includingseveralhybridvariants.

Figure3VehicleStructuralDecomposition,includingPowertrainvariants

Allsixsharemanyofthesamefunctionalelements(e.g.electricalstoragesystemESSorinternalcombustionengineICE),buthavethemconnectedindifferentways.ConnectivityfortheSeriesHybridPowertrainvariantisshowninFigure4.

Figure4SeriesHybridPowertrainconnectivityinSysMLinternalblockdiagram

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Thesystemarchitecturemodelcanalsoincludesystemrequirements,especiallywhereseparaterequirementtypesarerelatedtoeachotherortoothersystemelements.Figure5showsseveralexamplesofsuchrelationships,wheretechnicalrequirementsareshownasderivedfrommarketrequirementsandsatisfiedbystructuralelementsofthesystem.

Figure5SampleSysMLconnectivitybetweenmarketrequirements,technicalrequirements,andstructureThesystemarchitecturemodelalsodescribesthebehaviorsorfunctionsofthesystemanditsparts.InFigure6,theoverallfunctionoftheserieshybridpowertrainisdecomposedintoaseriesofsubfunctions(actions),eachofwhichisallocatedtoastructuralcomponent.Theseallocationdependenciesareindicatedbytheswimlanesintheactivitydiagram.

Figure6SysMLActivitydiagramforSeriesHybridPowertrain,withallocationstostructuralcomponentsAlltherelationshipsshowninthesefigures,representingcomposition,dependencyandflow,are“intra-model”connections,connectionscreatedandstoredwithinasinglesoftwaretool,inthiscase,theSysMLmodelingtool.ButmanyofthesesameSysMLelementsalsorelatetoelementsinother

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softwaretools.Theseare“inter-model”connections,whichwewillcreate,manageandusewithSyndeia,asdescribedinthenextsection.

Inter-model Connections Inter-modelconnectionsaremadeusingtheSyndeiadashboard(Figure7)usingavarietyofdrag-and-dropmechanisms.Inoursamplemodel,

• MarketandtechnicalrequirementsweredraggedfromtwodifferentPLMrepositoriesintotheSysMLmodel,retainingtheirhierarchicalstructures;

• Structuralconnectivity(e.g.Figure4)weredraggedfromSysMLintoMATLAB,creatingaSimulinkblockstructure(blocks,portsandsignals,butnointernalMATLABcode);

• SinglereferencelinkswerecreatedfromSysMLactivitiestosoftwarefoldersinGitHub.

Figure7SyndeiadashboardshowingSysMLandTeamcenterPLMrepositorycontentssidebyside.

Ineachcase,theelementsremainconnected,linkingthemodelsindifferenttoolsintoasinglesystemmodel,theultimateobjectiveofMBE.Dependingonthenatureoftheconnection(andthecapabilityofthetoolsinvolved),theseconnectionscansupportusecasesofpracticalvaluetoengineering,including

• CompareandsynchronizeSysMLblockstructurewithPLMbill-of-materialsorSimulinkblockstructureastheyevolveovertime

• UpdateSysMLrequirementsfromamasterrequirementsrepository• OpenandviewCADmodelsorprojectmanagementissuetrackersdirectlyfromthesystem

model

Visualizing the Total System Model Asthenumberofconnectionsgrows,ourabilitytounderstandthescopeandcomplexityofthetotalsystemmodelandtoidentifyextendedlinkagesbetweenelementsdiminishes.Weneedtobeableto

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viewthesystemmodelgloballyandtotraceconnectionslocally.Syndeia3.0offersbothforautomotiveapplications.

Figure8showsaglobalviewoftheinter-modelconnectionsinachordplot.Theupperrightboxreportsthat73elementsareconnectedby42Syndeia-managedconnections.TheelementsontheperipheryofthecirclerepresentSysML(orange),Teamcenter(red),Simulink(blue),GitHub(green)andJIRA(beige)elements.Thenodesandthelinesbetweenthemcanbeinteractivelyhighlightedandidentifiedinthelightblueboxontheupperright,andtheentireplotcanbesearchedandfiltered.Usingthis,thesystemengineercanseeataglancethetypesofelementsbeingconnectedandthedensityofconnectionsinthecurrentstateofthemodel.

Figure8ChordplotofInter-modelConnections–GlobalVisualizationWhiletheglobalviewinFigure8givesthebigpicture,manyusecasesinvolvetracingextendedlinkagesoverbothinter-modelandintra-modelchains.Alternategraphingtechniquescanmakethistasksimpler.OneexampleisshowninFigure9,atreeplotinitiatedfromaspecificmodelelementintheSysMLmodelortheSyndeiadashboard.LaunchedfromaSysMLactivity,DriveGenerator,itimmediatelydisplaysthreenearestneighbors,aJIRAissueandaGitHubsoftwarefolderconnectedbyinter-modelconnections(showninblack)andaSysMLblock,ICE,connectedbyanintra-modelconnection(showninorange).Thislastnodecanbefurtherexpandedbyclickingonit,showinganadditionalfournextnearestneighborsandtheprocesscanbecontinuedselectivelyuntilthechainisterminated.Intheresultingplot,theextendedlinkagebetweentheTeamcenterrequirementatthebottomleft,theSysMLfunctionitimpacts,andtheJIRAissuethatrecordsthatimpact,istracedoverfiveconnectionsacrossthreetools.Considerthevalueoftheseapproachesinexpeditingdesignreviews,withexplicitconnectionsbetweensystemelementsandtheabilitytoopenthoseelementsintheirnativetoolsfromacentralhigh-levelroadmapofthesystem.

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Figure9TreeplotofInter-modelandIntra-modelConnectionsdemonstratingtraceabilityacrossgraph

The Future of MBE for Automotive and Transportation Applications ThefieldofModel-BasedEngineeringisevolvingrapidly.DrivenbynewtechnologiesliketheInternet-of-ThingsandSmartGridenergysystems,engineeringsoftwaretoolsarebeingpushedtothelimits.Automotivesystemsengineers,workingoninnovationslikeAutonomousVehicles,willneedtobeattheforefrontofthesedevelopments.

Tomeettheirneeds,MBEtoolswillneedtoevolve,aswell.ASysML-centricarchitecture,asillustratedbySyndeia,willbenomoreeffectivethanaPLM-centricoraCAD-centricone.MBEtoolswillfunctionaswebservices,providingacompletepictureoftheTotalSystemModelfromanypositionintheengineeringprocess.Powerfulgraphdatabaseswillprovidescaleabilityandsophisticatedquerycapabilityforidentifyingextendedconnections.Userscaninteractwiththegraphthroughsophisticatedmodelingtoolsorsimplifiedwebinterfaces,usingtheirchoiceoflaptop,tabletorhandhelddevice.

About the Author Dr. Dirk Zwemer ([email protected]) is President of Intercax LLC (Atlanta, GA), a supplier ofMBEengineeringsoftwareplatformslikeSyndeiaandParaMagic.Heisanactiveteacherandconsultantin the field and holds Level 4 Model Builder-Advanced certification as an OMG System ModelingProfessional.Forfurtherinformation,[email protected].


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