1BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
Applications of the Pentamaran Hull Form for Fast Sealift and Freight Applications
Presentation to
National Shipbuilding Research Program
3 March 2005
by
Nigel Gee, Managing Director
BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
and presented by
Chad Hawkins
BMT Designers and Planners
3BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
The Pentamaran
‘Pentamaran’ is a slender monohull stabilised by four sponsons, 2 port and 2 starboard.
The main hull is optimised for minimum resistance for a specified deadweight and speed.
The sponsons are designed and positioned to give the desired stability characteristics.
The use of the four sponsons instead of two (trimaran) gives enhanced stability at minimum drag and immunity from parametric rolling.
Pentamaran gives the lowest possible resistance and powering and has excellent seakeeping.
4BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
Example Pentamaran Container ShipWaterjet propulsion proven in-service units fixed pitch impellers in-water maintainability
Four or five independent transmissions. High degree of redundancy. No special gearboxes or clutches
Medium speed Diesels with proven long term in service reliability.
Optimised slender hull for minimum resistance, low speed loss in waves, and excellent habitability in rough conditions
Open Top design –no hatch covers – for quick turnaround. All forty-foot bays.
Patented Pentamaran design.Stabilised by four sponsons giving greater stability than conventional vessels - Redundancy for Damaged Stability cases.
5BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
Pentamaran Conceptual FeaturesTORSIONAL INPUT TO SHIPSPREAD OVER 2 LOCATIONS
SLENDER SPONSONSFOR LOW DRAG
SHIP MEETS ALL DAMAGEDSTABILITY REGULATIONS, INCLUDINGTOTAL SPONSON LOSS.
AFT SPONSONS ONLY IN WATERIN FULL LOAD UPRIGHT CONDITION
PAIR OF SPONSONS ALLOWPARALLEL MOORING
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Pentamaran Stabilising Concept
Progressive HeelingAft Sponsons Forward Sponsons
Upright - Zero Heel Angle
Small Heel Angle
Larger Heel Angles
7BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
Pentamaran History
Patented September 1996 - Patent expires September 2016
Development and tank testing ADX 1996-1998
11 technical papers published 1997-2003
MARAD (USA) Sealift development and tank testing 1998
DERA fast sealift vessel 1998
***** project “ADX Express” 1999-2000 Fast Transatlantic container service
IZAR license signed September 2001 – exclusive license for Ro-Ro and Ro-Pax in Europe2003 first IZAR vessel draft contract with Buquebus – start construction 2004?
July 2003 F5 frigate concept
September 2003 IZAR renew license
10BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
Pentamaran Ro-Pax
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
28.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0
Speed (knots)
Dw
t.Spe
ed /
Pow
er (t
.kno
t/kW
)
IZAR/NGA Fast Ro-Pax (Aluminium / Gas Turbines)
Limit of Existing Technology
IZAR/NGA Fast Ro-Pax (Steel / Medium Speed Diesels / HFO)
Existing Fast Car-Passenger Ferries
12BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
Pentamaran Ro-Ro
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
28.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0
Speed (knots)
Dw
t.Spe
ed /
Pow
er (t
.kno
t/kW
)
IZAR/NGA Fast Ro-Ro (Steel / Medium Speed Diesels / HFO)
Limit of Existing Technology
IZAR/NGA Fast Ro-Pax (Steel / Medium Speed Diesels / HFO)
Existing Fast Car-Passenger Ferries
13BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
Pentamaran Lo-Lo
Principal Particulars
LOA 279.10 m
BMOULDED 48.85 m
Draught 7.71 m
Service Speed 41 knots
Payload 6000 tonnes
14BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
Pentamaran Lo-Lo
Dedicated transatlantic service for ***** – 5 x 8000 tonne payload 40 knot container ships
Business rationale to take market share from air freight & sea freight
Annual Transatlantic Container Traffic
Sea Freight 100m tonnes
Air Freight 4m tonnes
ADX Express 5m tonnes
Originally ***** to own ships – ADX to operate
Now need owners / operators
15BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
Pentamaran Lo-Lo
USA TO EUROPE
1 DAY 1/2 DAY 4 DAYS 1/2 DAY 1 DAY
EUROPE TO USA
USA TO EUROPE
EUROPE TO USA
1 DAY 1/2 DAY 1/2 DAY 1 DAY4 DAYS
• From USA sender to Europe receiver in seven days, and vice versa.
• From Port-To-Port in four days all year round.
COMPARISON WITH EXISTING CARRIERS
CARRIER
Air Integrator (e.g. FEDEX, DHL)
Air Freight
EXPRESS
Ocean Freight
DOOR TO DOOR DELIVERY
Next Day
5 to 6 Days
7 Days
17 to 25 Days
Ship Port-To-Port
4 Days
USA - EuropeDoor to Door 7 Days
16BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
Pentamaran Lo-Lo
THE COMPETITION
CARRIER
Air Integrator
DOOR TO DOOR TRANSATLANTIC DELIVERY
$ 20.0 Next Day
Air Freight $ 2.0 5 to 6 Days
$ 0.5 7 DaysEXPRESS
Ocean Freight $ 0.2 17 to 25 Days
Cost US$ / kg
17BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
Ship Motions
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50
Yaw (Deg)
4.0
6.0
8.0
Sign
ifica
nt W
ave
Hei
ght (
m)
RMS Response
Original Modified
RMS Yaw Response in Bow Quartering Seas
18BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
Ship Motions
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0Roll (Deg)
4.0
6.0
8.0
Sign
ifica
nt W
ave
Hei
ght (
m)
RMS Response
Original Modified
RMS Roll Response in Bow Quartering Seas
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Speed Loss
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0Speed Loss (knots)
2
4
6
8
Sign
ifica
nt W
ave
Hei
ght (
m)
Original Modified
Speed Loss in Bow Quartering Seas
23BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
Pentamaran Comparisons with Carderock HSS Innovation Cell Designs – Transport Factor
Workshop TFSOA Limit Line
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
35 45 55 65 75 85 95
Speed (knots)
Tran
spor
t Fac
tor
Monohull
Catamaran
Trimaran
Pentamaran
SES
WorkShop TF SOA Limit
USTC Inter Theater
Army Shuttle
NWDC Intra Theater Support
USMC LogisticsCoastal Commercial
Trans Ocean Commercial
US Navy Vision
US Army Vision
Outliers
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24BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
Pentamaran Comparisons with Carderock HSS Innovation Cell Designs – Fuel Consumption
0.0000
0.0005
0.0010
0.0015
0.0020
0.0025
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000
Range (nm)
Tonn
es o
f fue
l per
tonn
e - m
ile o
f car
go
HSS Monohulls
HSS Cats
HSS Trimarans
SES
Aircraft
V22
C130
C17C5
747F
LMSR *SL7 *
PentamaranPentamaran
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25BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
The Pentamaran – Current Projects
SeaBridge Ro-Pax, USA
F5, UK
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27BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
Seabridge Principal Particulars
LOA 300m
BOA 45m (main hull 23.4m)
VK 42 knots
DWT 6500 tonnes
Power medium speed diesels
(heavy fuel)
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31BMT Nigel Gee and Associates Ltd
Summary
A large range of Pentamarans have been developed:
– 5000 to 30000 tonnes displacement– 35 to 45 knots– 1000 to 4000 nautical miles range
Pentamaran preliminary designs are shipyard & classification society approved.
Pentamaran designs are the most fuel efficient technology for fast sealift vessels.
Pentamaran technology is ready for production.
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