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Applied anatomy of pharynx
Wang Peihua
Department of Otorhinolaryngology,
9th people’s hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University
Circumscription of pharynx
Pharynx is the junction between respiratory tract and alimentary tract.
Circumscription of pharynx
Superior: base of skull
Inferior: inferior border of C6
Anterior: Connect to nose, mouth and larynx
Posterior: Prevertebral fascia
Subsection of pharynx (1) nasopharynx : skull base
free edge of soft palate (2) oropharynx : free edge of soft palate
superior border of epiglottis (3) laryngopharynx : superior border of epiglottis
inferior border of cricoid cartilage
Nasopharynx(Epipharynx) a adenoid
b pharyngeal opening of auditory tube
c torus tubalis
d pharyngeal recess
e tubal tonsils
Oropharynx(Mesopharynx) a fauces
b glossopalatine arch
c pharyngopalatine arch
d tonsilla palatina
e lateral pharyngeal bands
f pharyngeal posterior wall
Laryngopharynx ( Hypopharynx )
a atrium of larynx b vallecula epiglottica c pyriform sinus d postcricoid space
Structure of pharyngeal wall(一) layer of pharyngeal wall 1. mucous layer
2. fibrous layer
3. muscle layer :①pharyngeal constrictor
②pharyngeal elevator
muscle group
③palatine velum muscle
group
4. Mantle layer
(二) interfascial space 1. retropharyngeal space
2. parapharyngeal space
Pharyngeal lymph tissue Pharyngeal lymphatic ring(waldeyer lymphat
ic ring)
inner ring
outer ring
Waldeyer lymphatic ring
Structure of pharyngeal lymphatic ring
Pharyngeal submucous lymph tissue
(inner ring)
Lymph node of neck( outer ring )
•adenoid tonsil
•tubal tonsils
•tonsilla palatina
•lateral pharyngeal bands
•folliculus lymphaticus of pharyngeal posterior wall
•lingual tonsil
retropharyngeal lymph nodes
lymph nodes of mandibular angle
submandibular lymph nodes
submental lymph nodes
drain to
Tonsilla palatina (1) anatomy feature
a 、 location
b 、 appearance
c 、 construction features
Tonsilla palatina(2) blood vessel :① descending palatine artery
②ascending palatine artery
③tonsillar artery
④tonsillar branch of ascending
pharyngeal artery
⑤dorsal artery of tongue
(3) nerves : ① pharyngeal plexus
② superior maxillary nerve ( 2) Ⅴ ③ branches glossopharyngeal nerve.
Pharyngeal blood vessels and nerves
arteries
veins
nerves
1 、 how many sections has the pharynx been divided into? What are those anatomy defining points ?
2 、 what is the composition of pharyngeal lymphatic ring (waldeyer lymphatic ring)?
3 、 what is the blood apply of tonsilla palatina?