Applied Nuclear Physics in Sweden
- A brief overview -
Stephan Pomp ([email protected])
Division of applied nuclear physics
Department of physics and astronomy
Uppsala university
What is applied nuclear physics?
Activities in Sweden
Activities in Uppsala
Facilities and funding
What is applied nuclear physics?
Applications
(demands and needs
from society)
Nuclear physics
identify needs
Theoretical:
Nuclear reaction modelling
Nuclear data evaluation
Experimental:
Nuclear physics measurements
Detection and measurement techniques
Computational:
Simulation codes
Analysis methods
Medical:
Nuclear medicine, Dosimetry, …
Drug development, Regenerative medicine, …
Materials:
Semiconductors, Radiation damage, …
Energy:
Fission (GenIV, fuel cycle,…), Fusion, …
Safety and Security:
Safeguards, …
Environment:
Radioecology, …
Science:
Archaeology, Astrophysics, Geology, …
Activities in Sweden
Lund University http://www.nuclear.lu.se/english/research/applied-nuclear-physics/
Lund University
C-14: http://www.geol.lu.se/c14
Group leader: Raimund Muscheler
AMS with ‘Single Stage Accelerator Mass Spectrometry’ (SSAMS).
Applications within radioecology, ecology, medicine and biomedicine.
Equipment was funded 2004 by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and
the Swedish Research Council.
Lund Ion Beam Analysis Facility
(LIBAF)
• 3 MeV accelerator for H, D and He
• Ion beam analysis with micro-beam, e.g., PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission)
Group leader: Per Kristiansson
Chalmers University of Technology
http://www.nephy.chalmers.se/
Chalmers University of Technology
http://www.nephy.chalmers.se/
Analysis of noise measurements from Swedish power plants • test our newly developed simulation methods, • analyze events at power plants where we can apply both known methods and our new methods. Use of In-Core Fuel Management (ICFM) codes.
Group leaders: Christophe Demaziere and Imre Paszit
Chalmers University of Technology
http://www.nephy.chalmers.se/
Using positron beams to analyze material defects; from vacancies in metallic crystalline structures (0.1 – 0.2 nm, a few hundred ps of life time) to macroscopic cavities and cracks. Technique can be used for • Irradiated steel from nuclear power tanks • Material samples exposed to mechanical stretching • Polymers and semi conductors • Micro porosity in zeolites (ion exchangers) Group leader: Anders Nordlund
Chalmers University of Technology
http://www.nephy.chalmers.se/
Plasma theory: The research programme is concentrated on the study of stability and transport in impure plasmas. Part of the work is focused on theoretical modelling compact plasma based ion sources. Group leader: Tünde Fülöp
Chalmers University of Technology
http://www.nephy.chalmers.se/
Safeguards: • Development of new methods for nuclear materials and
nuclear waste evaluation. • Research in statistical theory of joint detection of singles,
doubles, triples of neutrons and gammas photons. • Statistical theory of dead time effect on the higher
moments. Group leader: Dina Chernikova
Chalmers University of Technology
http://www.nephy.chalmers.se/
Development of the PHITS code
Dosimetry at high altitudes and in space: MATROSHKA experiment on ISS Group leader: Lembit Sihver
KTH – Royal Institute of Technology
https://www.kth.se/en/sci/phd/programs/physics/forskning/a
ktuell-forskning-inom-karnteknik-1.76849
Group leader: Sevostian Bechta
KTH - continued
http://www.neutron.kth.se/
http://www.reactor.sci.kth.se/
Group leader: Pär Olsson
Group leader: Henryk Anglart
Facilities at KTH: several test loops, e.g. HLM loop TALL
KTH – Research example
Studies of the nuclear fuel cycle and various options for transmutation using GenIV reactors or ADS concepts; Goals/needs: - Reduce radiotoxicity - Reduce waste storage problem - Sustainable nuclear power
Uppsala university
http://www.physics.uu.se/research/applied-nuclear-physics/
Ion physics group (Group leader: Daniel Primetzhofer/Göran Possnert)
… uses ion beams for material analysis ranging from applications in archeology and medicine to ultrathin surface coatings for optical and electronic devices. C-14…
After Geant4 After Geant4 and Zemax Experimental image
Fission diagnostics and safeguards (Group leader: Peter Jansson et al.)
Research in the safety and security of nuclear power, e.g., efficient fuel use and needs for future nuclear power plants. Development of methods for ensuring that nuclear material is used in accordance with international treaties.
Research at CLAB
The group performs measurements at Clab – Central Interim Storage Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel, e.g., gamma-ray emission to measure burn-up and delayed neutron emission (under development) to measure Pu-239 content.
http://www.skb.com/our-operations/clab/
Example: OECD Halden
The OECD Halden Reactor Project Founded 1958; located in Norway
https://www.oecd-nea.org/jointproj/halden.html
1- cladding temperature
p- rod pressure
E- cladding elongation
G- radioactivity
Unique (?) possibility for, e.g., Loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA)
Picture removed ….
Fusion diagnostics (Group leader: Göran Ericsson)
Research about fusion as a future power source is carried out at several facilities. The group develops instrumentation for monitoring and analysis of the fusion reactions.
Neutron Camera at MAST
Figures from PhD thesis of Iwona Klimek
Nuclear reactions research (Group leader: Stephan Pomp)
Experimental and computational research about nuclear reactions. Aim: Provide high quality nuclear data for applications.
Experimental activities (“Fission is the mission”):
- Studies of nuclear fission and measurement of cross section standards
JRC-IRMM in Belgium
- Neutron-induced light-ion production and fission cross section standards
NFS@GANIL in France
- Measurement of independent fission yields and isomeric yield ratios
IGISOL-JYFLTRAP in Finland
Nuclear reactions research
Physics Procedia 64 ( 2015) 145 – 149
234U(n,f) - anisotropy
Computational activities
(“We are so outside the box, that the box is a point”):
- Development of the Total Monte Carlo (TMC) method
- The TENDL project - TALYS-based evaluated nuclear data library
(https://tendl.web.psi.ch/tendl_2015/tendl2015.html)
Partners: IAEA (Vienna), PSI (Switzerland), NRG (The Netherlands)
Nuclear reactions research
One key element of TMC: Propagation of microscopic nuclear data uncertainties to the macroscopic system
Facilities in Sweden
Chalmers:
• Pulsed Positron Beam
– Uses 22Na and adjustable moderator
– Adjustable energy (300eV-15keV)
– studies of material defects
Lund:
• Lund Ion Beam Analysis Facility
• European Spallation Source
– in operation 2025?
Oskarshamn:
• CLAB – interim storage for spent fuel
(operated by SKB)
Facilities - continued
Uppsala:
• The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL): closing 2016
• Several accelerators as part of Tandem Lab (tour)
• 14-MeV neutron source
(1010 n/s in 4p, under dev.)
Funding examples
• Swedish Research Council
– Fusion, DREAM4SAFER, ASTRID, NFS@GANIL, …
• European Commission
– EUROFusion, GETMAT, CHANDA, …
• Authority:
– Swedish Radiation Safety Authority
– Swedish Defense Research Agency
• Industry, e.g.,
– Swedish Centre for Nuclear Technology
• Accelerator-based precision measurements – AMS, material analysis, …
• Diagnostics methods – Fusion plasma, nuclear fuel in the cycle, …
• Microscopic nuclear physics experiments
– Cross sections, decay data, “the complete fission exp.” (FF+n+g), …
• Modern nuclear data evaluation à la TENDL
“nuclear data underpin all of nuclear science and technology”
Key areas - IMHO
Thank you!