of 22
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
1/22
Approach, method
and technique
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
2/22
discussion Suppose: you are to kill an
elephant, what methods (asmany as possible) would you
like to use? And why do you think
it works.
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
3/22
approach
What is an approach?
----the act of getting close to
----way, path, road In language teaching, approach is a set of
assumptions dealing with the nature of
language teaching and learning. Itdescribes the nature of the subject matter
to be taught
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
4/22
method
What is a method?
----way of doing sth
Method is an overall planfor the orderlypresentation of language material, no part
of which contradicts, and all of which is
based upon, the selected approach. An
approach is axiomatic, a method is
procedural.
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
5/22
technique
Technique: technical or mechanical skills
A technique is implementationalthat
which actually takes place in a classroom.
It is a particular trick, strategem, or
contrivance used to accomplish an
immediate objective. Techniques must be
consistent with a method, and therefore inharmony with an approach as well.
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
6/22
Common techniques
----reading aloud, listening to the
tape,
discussion, translation
----..?????
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
7/22
Relations
Whats their relations?
For approach, method, and technique,which determines which?
----approach determines method, in turn,
method determines technique.
The arrangement is hierarchical. The
organizational key is that techniques carryout a method which is consistent with anapproach
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
8/22
Diagram a
Language
teaching
Method b
Method d
Method a
Method c
Language
skill
Approach a
Approach b
techniques
techniques
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
9/22
Diagram b
approach
M a M b M c
T a T b T c T d T e T f
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
10/22
Elements and sub-elements ofmethod
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
11/22
Richards and Rodgers model
It includes approach, designand techniques
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
12/22
Approach
A. a theory of the nature of language
----an account of the nature of language
proficiency ----what can be called language
proficiency
----an account of the basic units of language structure
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
13/22
----An account of the basic units of
language structure
----basic units of language structure:
letter, word, phrase, sentence,
discourse ----phonology is important?
---- meaning and form, which is more
important?
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
14/22
b. Nature of language learning
1. Psycholinguistics and cognitive
processes
----psycholinguistic processes
----cognitive processes
2. Conditions allowing for the process
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
15/22
design
A. The general and specific objectives of
the method
----whats the general objectives?
----whats the specific objectives?
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
16/22
A syllabus model
criteria for the selection and organization
of linguistic and /or subjective-matter
content
---- what materials to be selected?
---- how should the materials be organized?
----and what subjective-matter?
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
17/22
Types of learning and teaching
activities
kinds of tasks and practice activities to
be employed in the classroom and in
materials
---- tasks and practice, listening, note-
taking, translation or others?
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
18/22
Learner roles
-- types of learning tasks set for learners
-- degree of control learners have over the
content of learning -- patterns of learner groupings that are
recommended or implied
-- degree to which learners influence the
learning of others -- the view of the learner as a processor,
performer, initiator, problem solver, etc.
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
19/22
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
20/22
-- degree to which the teacher
determines the content of learning
--- does the teacher have the right to
decide the content
--- text-based or not -- types of interaction between
teachers and learners
---interaction modes: tss, t-s, s alone
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
21/22
The role of instructional materials
--- primary function of materials
--- the form materials take (e.g., textbook,
audiovisual)
--- assumptions made about teachers and
learners
8/10/2019 Approach Method Technique
22/22
Procedure
Classroom techniques, practice, and behaviors
observed when the method is used
-- resources in terms of time, space, and
equipment used by the teacher -- interactional patterns observed in lessons
-- tactics and strategies used by teachers and
learners when the method is being used
