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APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

Meeting with NRC on KCE-1CHF Correlation for PLUS7 Thermal Design Topical Report

KEPCO/KHNP/Westinghouse September 3, 2015

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1 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

Contents

Introduction (KNF)

Technical Presentation (Westinghouse)

Conclusions (KNF)

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2 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

Introduction

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3 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

Timeline of Staff Review on KCE-1 CHF Correlation Topical Report (APR1400-F-C-TR-12002)

Acceptance to Review : March 2013

Kick-off & Key Issues : August 2013

RAI 3-7443 : issued on March 2014 Tech. Meeting : May 2014 Audit : January 2015 Updated Response to RAI 3-7443 : March 2015 Public Meeting – 1 : April 2015 Public Meeting – 2 : September 2015

Pending Issue on 95/95 DNBR Limit Conservatisms in Tong Factor (Fc) application

M/P trends on specific subregion of Pressure

Validation data set

Assessment to Pending Issue : Technical Presentation

Introduction

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4 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

KHNP : Project/Licensing Lead

KNF : Technical Lead

WEC : Technical support to KNF/KHNP

Organizational Roles

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5 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

Technical Presentation

6

© 2015 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

MT-15-102

INTENTIONALLY BLANK

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7 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• Additional response to following four RAI’s:

- RAI #6 - RAI #7 - RAI #9 - RAI #17

• Justification on KCE-1 95/95 DNBR limit of 1.124

• Proposed supplemental submittal

Technical Presentation Objectives

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8 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

Axial Power Shapes and Tong (Fc) Factor

Database for KCE-1 Development

Database for KCE-1 Application

Elements of Proposed Submittal

Outline

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9 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

PLUS7 CHF Tests – Axial Diagrams TS

T/C #4 (93.779")

T/C #5 (78.061")

T/C #6 (62.342")

T/C #7 (46.623")

15.72" TYP

T/C #1 (140.937")

T/C #2 (125.218")

T/C #3 (109.499")

8.35"

GRID NMV (1.62")

GRID MV ( 15.90")

GRID MV ( 31.62")

GRID MV ( 47.34")

GRID MV ( 63.06")

GRID MV ( 78.78")

150.0" HEATED LENGTH

GRID MV ( 94.50")

GRID MV (110.21")

GRID MV (141.65")

GRID MV (125.93")

NMV : Non Mixing Vane Grid MV : Mixing Vane Grid T/C : Thermocouple EOHL: End of Heated Length BOHL: Beginning of Heated Length

EOHL (150.0")

BOHL (0.00") 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

Axial Power Factor (Fz)

Rela

tive A

xia

l Ele

vation (

z/L)

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10 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• PLUS7 CHF data consistent with known physical phenomenon - CHF occurrences downstream the peak local heat flux

• Tong Factor (Fc) relates 𝑞𝑞𝑞𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶,𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 to 𝑞𝑞𝑞𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶,𝑁𝑁 - Fc defined in Section4.3 of APR1400-F-C-TR-12002-P

𝑞𝑞𝑞𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶,𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 = 𝑞𝑞𝑞𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶,𝑈𝑈𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶

Note that: 𝑞𝑞𝑞𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶,𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 < 𝑞𝑞𝑞𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶,𝑁𝑁 (Fc > 1)

PLUS7 CHF Tests and Tong Factor (Fc)

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11 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• Fc accounts for “memory effect” of non-uniform axial power shape on CHF - Memory effect as reflected in Fc is larger with cosine shape

[ ](a,c)

• Selection of cosine shape is appropriate for capturing effect of

non-uniform axial power distribution on CHF - Relatively large variations of Fc - [ ]TS < Fc < [ ]TS at DNB limiting elevations in the tests - Typical DNB limiting shape with a high radial peaking factor for

design application

Fc and Cosine Shape

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12 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• Original Fc developed based on single tube and annuli data – Conservative with CE-1 based on comparisons with test data

from several non-uniform axial shapes – Over-predicts axial power shape effect for fuel bundles with

grid spacers – When uniform and non-uniform MV grid test data are

available, Fc coefficient adjustments [ ](a,c)

• Original Tong Factor applied to KCE-1 – No coefficient adjustment

Original Tong Factor Fc

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13 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• CE-1 Correlation based on uniform test data only, Fc = 1.0, CENPD-162-P-A.

• Per CENPD-207-P-A, CE-1 very conservative for tests with non-uniform axial power shapes and original Tong Factor

• KCE-1 more conservative than CE-1 since developed with non-uniform data and [ ]TS,(a,c)

Original Tong Factor Fc

Axial Power Shape CE-1 M/P Avg.

CE-1 STD

1.68 Top Peaked 1.119 0.106 1.68 Bottom Peaked 1.287 0.130

1.46 Cosine 1.236 0.122 1.47 Top Peaked 1.254 0.083

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14 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• Conservative approach for KCE-1 correlation development - Treatment of cosine data as [ ]TS,(a,c) - KCE-1 with [ ] TS,(a,c) under-predicts uniform CHF, because

𝑞𝑞𝑞𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶,𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 < 𝑞𝑞𝑞𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶,𝑁𝑁

• Conservative application with original Fc for non-uniform axial power shapes - KCE-1 under-predicts cosine CHF by [ ]TS,(a,c)

• Westinghouse experiences with WNG-1 and other DNB correlations also indicate KCE-1 used with Fc contains DNBR margin for uniform and non-uniform axial shapes

Fc and KCE-1 CHF Correlation

𝑞𝑞𝑞𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶,𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 =𝑞𝑞𝑞𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶,𝑁𝑁

𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶

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15 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• Database for correlation development contained [ ]TS,(a,c) data points (Table 5-3 of ToR)

– Actual data points from 2 tests ~ 200

• Local fluid conditions from ]TS,(a,c) were included – [ ]TS,(a,c)

• [ ]TS,(a,c)

• [ ]TS,(a,c)

• [ ]TS,(a,c)

Database for KCE-1 Correlation Development -1

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16 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

Database for KCE-1 Correlation Development -2

38

[ ]TS,(b,c)

0.980" 22 24 23 [ ]TS,(b,c)

0.925

0.927

0.927 1 6

18

XX X.XXX

42

35

17 28

Normalized Rod Power Rod No.

1.120

43

15 36

0.926

30 29

31 1.125

1.125

44

14 37

0.926

29 30

0.928

0.926

0.925 19

20

1

15

8

1 2 3

1.123

32 16

1.123

9

2

21

0.918

1.124

17

10 22

3 0.925

26 25 27

46

32

39 1.124

45

13 0.926

31 28

1.123

47

40 12

0.925

33 27

26 1.125

[ ]TS,(b,c)

0.506"

0.926

48

11 41

0.928

10 34

9 0.923

6 5 4

19

12

1.125 18

11 23

4 0.926

1.123 20

1.127 25

13 24

5 0.926

7

0.374"

0.925

8

21

0.927

14 7

6 0.926

18

11

22 23 24

0.912

0.914

0.914

17

18

43

16 36

29

44 45

1.105

0.914

1.110

15 37

30 30

31

1.107

14 38

0.911

29 31

36 1.110

0.915

0.914

0.912 19

20

1

15

8

1 2 3

1.107

1.108

0.914

16 32

21 9

2

1.109

17 33

1.110

22 10

3 0.912

25 27 26 28

48

34

41

46 47

40

33

39 13

1.109

0.913

28 32

35 1.110

12

1.107

0.912

27

26 1.109

49

11 42

0.915

0.914 10

35

9 0.910

20

13

6 5 4

12

19 1.110

34 1.106

23

4 0.913

1.108

25 1.112

24

5 0.913

7

0.912 21

8 0.914

7 14

6 0.913

Test Section 101 Test Section 102

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17 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• The database for correlation development was used for deriving 95/95 DNBR limit of 1.124 – [ ]TS,(a,c) – [ ]TS,(a,c) ([ ]TS,(a,c))

• Table 5-4 of Topical Report (KCE-1 development database M/P statistics with [ ]TS,(a,c))

Database for KCE-1 Correlation Development -3

TS N M/P Avg. M/P STD Min. M/P 95/95 DNBR

101

102 ALL

TS,(a,c)

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18 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• KCE-1 test database (N = [ ]TS) – [

]TS

- Tong (Fc) factor applied as in design application ([ ]TS)

• KCE-1 M/P statistics at MDNBR location among all subchannels – 95/95 DNBR [ ]TS < 1.124 [ ]TS conservatism [

]TS

Database for KCE-1 95/95 Limit Justification -1

TS N M/P Mean M/P STD Min. M/P 95/95 DNBR Remark 101 102 All

TS

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19 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• M/P vs. Pressure plot shows the minimum M/P > 1/1.124 (DNBR limit) by ~ [ ]TS

Database for KCE-1 95/95 Limit Justification -

2

TS

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20 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• Training and Validation Data Sets evaluated based on correlation development database [ ]TS,(a,c)

- 1000 cases for 80-20% random splits

• Evaluation confirmed effect of potential over-fitting without validation data (with [ ]TS basis) is less than conservatism in KCE-1 with Fc for design application - ~ [ ]TS

• Conservative uses of Fc in KCE-1 development

and application result in significant margin to offset any potential overfitting without validation data set

Effect of Training and Validation Data Sets -1

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21 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• 95/95 DNBR Distribution (T80% vs. V20%)

Effect of Training and Validation Data Sets -

2 TS

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22 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• To clarify 95/95 DNBR limit conservatism, a supplemental response is proposed for submittal to NRC staff – Key technical results are shown in this presentation

• Elements in supplemental response include:

– Clarification on databases for development and design application

– M/P statistics with Fc at MDNBR locations and corresponding 95/95 DNBR values

– M/P trend plots (conservatism in M/P with Fc as compared to limit of 1.124)

– KCE-1 with Fc data table similar to A-3 (with A-2) ToR

Proposed Supplemental Submittal

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23 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• KCE-1 correlation and its 95/95 DNBR limit were conservatively developed using cosine test data [ ]TS,(a,c)

• KCE-1 applications are conservative using original Fc for non-uniform axial power shapes

• Within its applicable range, KCE-1 95/95 DNBR limit of 1.124 is

conservative by about [ ]TS when used with [ ]TS • Conservative uses of Fc in KCE-1 development and

application result in significant margin to offset any potential overfitting without validation data set

Summary of Technical Presentation

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24 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

Conclusions

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25 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

KCE-1 CHF Correlation

Quantified conservatism > the non-conservative perspective

by the Staff

95/95 DNBR Limit (1.124) conservative with the limitations on

- Applicable range of variables in ToR and reduced

pressure range of 1750 ~ 2415 psia

- Use of as-calculated Tong Factor ([ ]TS) described

in ToR

- Subchannel code (TORC) with constitutive relations

described in ToR

Conclusions

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APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

Meeting with NRC on KCE-1CHF Correlation for PLUS7 Thermal Design Topical Report

KEPCO/KHNP/Westinghouse September 3, 2015

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27 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

Supplemental Information

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28 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

The CHF test data for the PLUS7 fuel geometry were obtained by using a non-uniform axial power distribution, a symmetric cosine power profile shape with a peak of 1.475. The applicant should explain the appropriateness of testing single axial profile and why the inlet/bottom or outlet/top peaked power profiles were not included in the test matrix. The applicant should describe how well the tested power distribution represents the actual profile experienced during the operation of the PLUS7 fuel.

RAI #6

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29 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

As no testing was conducted with uniform axial power distribution, no “non-uniform axial power distribution correction factor, Tong factor FC,” could be developed for the KCE-1 CHF correlation for the tested PLUS7 fuel geometry. Such an optimization of Tong factor for the PLUS7 fuel split vane mixing grid geometries would require testing both uniform and Non-uniform axial power distributions with and without guide thimbles, but

it was not done for the tested PLUS7 fuel geometry. However, the applicant

plans to conservatively use the Tong factor along with the KCE-1 correlation to predict the CHF in the design analyses. The applicant should justify using the CE-1 Correlation Tong factor not developed for the tested PLUS7 fuel geometry. Other CHF correlations generally use Tong factor developed by the test data taken with both uniform and non-uniform axial power profiles.

RAI #7

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30 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

Detailed investigation of the test data, conducted by the staff, has revealed

a potentially non-conservative sub-region at pressures near 1750 psia, qualities near 0.1, and local mass fluxes near 2 Mlbm/hr-ft2. This Sub-region contains a higher than expected number of M/P values which were below the 95/95 statistic than can be explained by random chance. Provide justification for the use of the KCE-1 correlation in this sub-region, and the surrounding empty sub-regions.

RAI #9

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31 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

In the development of a correlation, the potential for overfitting exists in which the correlation can predict the data used to develop the correlation well, but lacks in predictive capability on other data not used in the development of the correlation. It is not clear from the topical report whether some test data were initially excluded from the KCE-1 correlation coefficient generation and were used later as additional points for independent correlation validation. The applicant should address the potential for overfitting in the KCE-1 correlation. The applicant should also resolve the inconsistencies among the number of data points reported in various parts of the report. During the PLUS7 fuel CHF tests, [

]TS test data for the thimble subchannel test section Test Section 101 and [ ]TS data for the matrix subchannel test section Test Section 102 were

collected, respectively. The [ ]TS test data points are listed in Table A-1 of APPENDIX A. Table A-2 lists [ ]TS test data points that were rejected during the correlation development process. The applicant needs to explain how this data processing has led to an overall KCE-1 CHF correlation database of [

]TS.”

The two hundred and twenty-five (225) data points cited in the abstract as well as in Section 5.2 of the report are also confusing. Also provide clear descriptions identifying the following: (A) The total number of test points for each test (B) The total number of test points which were used for generating the coefficients of the correlation for each test. (C) The total number of test points which were excluded from calculating the coefficients of the correlation for each test. (D) The validation statistics (similar to that provided in the first table of Table 5-4) for both (B) and (C) above. Statistics should be provided for each test.

RAI #17

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32 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

CHF with Non-Uniform Axial Shape

Non-uniform MDNBR occurs at local q” < max local q”

James H. Rust, “Nuclear Power Plant Engineering”

Haralson, 1979

Tong & Weisman, “Thermal Analysis of Pressurized Reactors”

2nd Edition, ANS, 1979

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33 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• Test 102 is validation data sets for WNG-1 correlation, WCAP-16766-P-A. WNG-1 correlation has uniform and non-uniform data and Fc optimized based on that data. WNG-1 and KCE-1 M/P statistics for Test 102 are :

• 𝒒𝒒𝑞CHF,U values for Test 102 can be calculated from KCE-1

with [ ]TS,(a,c) and WNG-1 with optimized Fc at the same elevation to quantify the conservatism in KCE-1

WNG-1 and KCE-1 Results for Test 102

Test 102 q”WNG-1,U / q”KCE-1,U

Average [ ]TS,(a,c)

Correlation M/P Avg. M/P STD WNG-1 (Opt. Fc) [ ]TS,(a,c) [ ]TS,(a,c)

KCE-1 (Fc=1) [ ]TS,(a,c) [ ]TS,(a,c)

KCE-1 (Tong Fc) [ ]TS [ ]TS

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34 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

Database for KCE-1 95/95 Limit Justification

TS

• KCE-1 M/P with Fc Applied

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35 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

Database for KCE-1 95/95 Limit Justification

TS

• KCE-1 M/P with Fc Applied

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36 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

Database for KCE-1 95/95 Limit Justification

TS

• KCE-1 M/P with Fc Applied

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37 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

Database for KCE-1 95/95 Limit Justification

TS

• KCE-1 M/P with Fc Applied

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38 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• Same database for 95/95 DNBR limit of 1.124, [ ]TS,(a,c)

• 80% vs. 20% data random splits : 1000 Cases

Effect of Training and Validation Data Sets

TS

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39 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• Statistics of Avg. M/P Distribution (T80% vs. V20%)

Effect of Training and Validation Data Sets

Group Case Average STD Remark TS

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40 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• Effect of training and validation data sets with [ ]TS,(a,c) is less than conservatism in M/P with Fc

• Statistics of 95/95 DNBR Distribution

[ ]TS

Effect of Training and Validation Data Sets

cf. 5-fold result on Response to Question 17 of RAI 3-7443

Group N M/P Mean M/P STD. 95/95 DNBR Remark Training

Validation

All

Group Case Average STD Remark TS

TS

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41 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• Statistics of M/P for Case of [ ]TS 95/95 DNBR

Effect of Training and Validation Data Sets

Case Group n Average STD Remark TS

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42 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

• Statistical Tests of M/P for Case of [ ]TS 95/95 DNBR

* Lilliefors, H., “On the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality with mean and variance unknown”,

Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 62, pp.399-402.

Effect of Training and Validation Data Sets

Case Test Statistics* P-value

Result TS

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43 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

Effect of Training and Validation Data Sets

TS • M/P Trend Plots for Case of [ ]TS 95/95 DNBR

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44 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

List of Database for KCE-1 95/95 Limit

Justification / Application

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45 APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-NP/MT-15-102

See Separately Attached File : KCE-1 Database for Application (Appendix_APR1400-F-C-EC-15004-

NP)

- Table A-1 : Similar to Table A-2 of ToR

- Table A-2 : Similar to Table A-3 of ToR