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Reducing Hunger, Poverty and Inequality
| Date post: | 09-Jul-2015 |
| Category: |
News & Politics |
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Reducing Hunger, Poverty and Inequality
INCOME PER CAPITA GROWTH BY QUINTILE (2002 – 2013)
6.20% 6.09%
5.44%
4.30%
2.63%
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
7.00%
20% poorest 20 a 40 40 a 60 60 a 80 20% richest
Source: PNAD, without northern rural areas Deflator: ajusted INPCBase: R$ sep/oct. 2013
8096 104
120140
152166
186204
218
249268
290315
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
MINIMUM WAGE EVOLUTION(US$** and % real variation)
* 2015 National Budget Law** US$ 1,0 = R$ 2,5 Source: Brazilian Central Bank. Note: Developed by Ministry of Finance. Data deflated by the INPC inflation index.
28.70 29.5031.40
33.2035.20
37.6039.40
41.20
44.1046.30
47.4048.90 49.49
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 (j-jun)
FORMAL JOBS EVOLUTION (million)
Source: RAIS/MTE. Note: Balanced by the end of the periods
BOLSA FAMILIAPROGRAM
OUR LIFE GOT BETTER
• Conditional Cash transfer Program to poor and extremely poor families
• Families must meet conditions in the areas ofEducation and Health
• Bolsa Familia coverage in 2014: 14 million families
• The benefit is sent directly to families via bank cards
• The bank card holder is preferably the mother
• Unified Registry for Social Programs
BOLSA FAMILIA PROGRAM
MAIN RESULTS
OUR LIFE GOT BETTER
50% increase in prenatal healthcare
14% reduction in premature birth rates
Less babies born underweight
99% of the children are vaccinated
OUR LIFE GOT BETTER
58% decrease inmortality caused by
malnutrition
46% decrease in mortality due to diarrhea
Children aged 0 to 5 years
OUR LIFE GOT BETTER
16.8
16.2
15.6
15.1
14.5
STUNTING PREVALENCE (%) IN CHILDREN UP TOAGE 5 IN THE BOLSA FAMILIA PROGRAM
-1.0
1.0
3.0
5.0
7.0
9.0
11.0
13.0
15.0
% População
Triennium
1.7%
BRASIL – Undernourished population (%)
Source: FAO, 2014
Elaboration: SAGI/MDS.
THIRD LARGEST REDUCTION IN THE NUMBER OF UNDERNOURISHED PEOPLE IN THE WORLD – 2002/14
Reduction of 82%
Brazil has dropped off the World Hunger Mapin 2014
ALMOST 17 MILLION STUDENTS
ARE MONITORED FOR SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
OUR LIFE GOT BETTER
% de estudantes de 15 anos da rede pública na série/ano esperado
20% poorest people Remaining 80%
32.1
63.1
54.8
73.1
31.0
18.3
-41%
BOLSA FAMILIA REDUCES EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITY
% of 15-year-old students in public schools at theappropriate grade level
201320062002
GDP Multiplier Effect= US$ 1.78
US$ 1.00
Bolsa Familia costs Brazil US$ 10 billion.This is equal to 0.46% of the GDP.
OUR LIFE GOT BETTER
Bolsa Familia keeps 36 million people out of
extreme poverty
OUR LIFE GOT BETTER
EXTREME POVERTY REDUCTION (%)RATE BY AGE
Age
0
2
4
6
8
10
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
Without Bolsa Familia
With Bolsa Familia after Brazil Without Extreme Poverty Plan
With Bolsa Familia before Brazil Without ExtremePoverty Plan
Every family in extreme poverty must be part of Bolsa Familia
Over 1.35 million families have been located and included150 thousand are yet to be found (estimate)
ACTIVE SEARCHING
The State shall go where
poverty is
The poor shall no
longer seek the State for help
ACTIVE SEARCHING
ACTIVE SEARCHING – SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
1,256 social assistance mobile teams 118 speedboats for the mobile teams
ACTIVE SEARCHING
ACTIVE SEARCHING
ENDING
POVERTY
IS ONLY
THE
BEGINNING
EXTREME
UNIFIED REGISTRY FOR SOCIAL PROGRAMS
Doorway to more than 20 federal programs
DOORWAYS OUT OF EXTREME POVERTY
POVERTYMAP
Increasing capabilitiesand opportunities
Enhanced incomeIncreased welfare
Income transfers
Rural and Urban Productive Inclusion
Access to Public Services
PRODUCTIVE INCLUSION
Professional training courses: 594 types of free courses offered to low income population
1,5 million enrollments
Microcredit for production: 3,6 million operations with Bolsa Familia beneficiaries
Micro entrepreneurs: 406 thousand Bolsa Familia beneficiaries
Semiarid
BUILDING AND SETTING-UP CISTERNS
PRODUCTIVE INCLUSION
Cisterns: construction of water reservoirs for vulnerable families to universalize access in semiarid region
750 thousand cisterns installed since the beginning of Brazil without Extreme Poverty Plan
1.1 million cisterns with those built on Lula´s Governement
Multidimensional Poverty Analysis 2002-2013
Reduction of inequality among the poorest income, territory, race
and age group
WORLD BANK INDICATORS AND DEPRIVATION CRITERIA
Three or more deprivations in one of the social dimensions
Dimension Indicator
Income Per capita household income below 140 Reais
and simultaneously below the National Poverty Line
Indicator The household is considered deprived on that dimension
Child School Attendance
If any school-aged child (7-17 years old) is not enrolled in school
Years of schooling If none of the household members has 8 years of schooling or more
Improved sanitation if the dwelling has no access to a general network or septic tank
Safe water If the dwelling has no access to piped water provided by the general network of distribution, well or spring
Electricity If the dwelling has no access to electricity
Shelter If living in a shelter not constructed with masonry materials (like bricks and stones)
Assets If it does not own at least two of i) refrigerator/freezer ii) telephone/mobile iii) clean cooking fuel stove (gas or electric)
37.2
14.5
39.6
17.2
46.6
24.5
52.7
34.4
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
Total 5% mais pobres
Head of Household who completed basic education (%)
2002 2004 2008 2013
The number of people who completed basic educationgrew 138% among the poorest
Source: PNAD/IBGEElaborated by MDS
95.8
92.5
96.1
92.4
97.5
96.0
98.4
97.5
89.0
90.0
91.0
92.0
93.0
94.0
95.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
99.0
Total 5% mais pobres
Population between 6 and 14 years which attends school (%)
2002 2004 2008 2013
School attendance for children between 6 and 14 years was twice the national rate among the poorest 5%
Source: PNAD/IBGEElaborated by MDS
96.5
84.0
96.6
86.2
98.2
92.4
99.397.6
75.0
80.0
85.0
90.0
95.0
100.0
105.0
Total 5% mais pobres
Households with electrical power (%)
2002 2004 2008 2013
The access to electrical power advanced 5 timesfaster among the poorest 5%
Source: PNAD/IBGEElaborated by MDS
77.8 79.4 82.1 84
9.4 9.6 10.1 10.6
0
20
40
60
80
100
2001 2004 2008 2013
51.5 53.861.6 67.7
5.8 6.6
8.712.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2001 2004 2008 2013
94.6%
The advance in the access to water was 5 times greater through the 5% poorest population
88.5%
59.7%
79.9%
Total
General supply network
Cisterns, wells or springs with plumbing
Households with access to water through the general supply network, cisterns, wells or springs with plumbing (%)
Poorest 5%
Source: PNAD/IBGEElaborated by MDS
67.9
35.2
68.5
38.1
72.8
43.6
76.0
54.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
Total 5% mais pobres
Households with adequate sanitary draining (%)
2002 2004 2008 2013
Adequate septic and sewer drainage growth was 3 times faster among the poorest 5%
Source: PNAD/IBGEElaborated by MDS
87.3
52.8
88.0
54.7
92.6
67.5
97.6
88.7
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
Total 5% mais pobres
Heads of households with refrigerators or freezers (%)
2002 2004 2008 2013
Living conditions of the Brazilian population and thepoorest 5% Brazil, 2002 to 2013
Source: PNAD/IBGEElaborated by MDS
34.6
9.4
47.6
15.4
75.3
47.0
89.8
75.7
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Total 5% mais pobres
Household with mobile phone (%)
2002 2004 2008 2013
Access to mobile phones advanced almost 700%among the poorest 5% in the reference period
Source: PNAD/IBGEElaborated by MDS
Chronic Multidimensional Poverty Index
2002 to 2013
8.2 8.0
7.5
7.0
5.3
4.4
3.4
2.8
1.8
1.4 1.1
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Pobreza crônicaSource: PNAD/IBGEElaborated by MDS
Chronic Multidimensional Poverty Index per Region
2002 to 2013
18.1 17.3
13.4
12.1
9.6 9.1
7.2
6.2
5.2
17.9 17.8
15.3 14.5
11.3
9.1
7.2
5.8
3.5
2.3 1.9
2.3 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Norte Nordeste Sudeste Sul Centro-OesteSource: PNAD/IBGEElaborated by MDS
Chronic Multidimensional Poverty Index by color/race
2002 to 2013
4.54.1
3.83.4
2.62.2
1.81.4
0.9 0.6 0.5
12.6 12.5
11.6
10.8
8.1
6.7
5.2
4.3
2.9
2.11.7
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Branco e Amarelo Preto, pardo e índigenasSource: PNAD/IBGEElaborated by MDS
Leadership and government priority“My administration’s highest determination will be to overcome extreme poverty and create opportunities for all”Dilma Rousseff, inauguration speech
Simple design Family registration is simplified and organized by local authorities; income is self-declared Cash transfers made through debit cardPriority given to women, the preferred account holders
Large scale and easy replicationWe needed programs that could easily be reproduced across a country as large and diverse as Brazil
Clear targets and goals
Monitoring and evaluation
KEYS TO SUCCESS
