15
CENPES/PDP/TE UN-Rio/ENGP/EE Ricardo M. T. Camargo Ivanilto Andreolli Rafael Mendes Flavio Ramos Torres Eduardo Ferreira Gaspari Marcelo de A.L. Gonçalves
CENPES/PDP/TEUN-Rio/ENGP/EE
Ricardo M. T. Camargo
Ivanilto Andreolli
Rafael Mendes
Flavio Ramos Torres
Eduardo Ferreira Gaspari
Marcelo de A.L. Gonçalves
• Main Production Basin in Brazil
• Discovered in 1976 –GAROUPA field
• Area: 100.000 km2 (WD from 50 to 3400 m)
• 41 Production Platforms
• 55 Oil Fields
Production:
• Oil: 1.500.000 bpd
• (84 % Brazil Total)
• Gas: 22 MM m3 / day (std)
• (50 % Brazil Total)
Subsea Installations :
•3.000 km (R) + 2.000 km (F)
• 620 Subsea Trees
• 66 manifolds
Campos Basin
Campos Basin
ALBACORA LESTE(1986)
MARLIM (1985)
MARLIM LESTE (1987)
MARLIM SUL (1987)
RONCADOR (1996)
ALBACORA (1984)
BARRACUDA (1989)
CARATINGA (1989)
ESPADARTE(1994)
Heavy Oil Areas
PAPA-TERRA(2003)
Semi-
Submersible
W.D. 1650m
Project
FSO
W.D. 1000m
Oil 16 API
f 12” - 20 km
Fluid Viscosity
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Temperature [ºC]
Vis
co
sity [cP
]
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Temperature [ºC]
Vis
cosity [
cP
]
Newtonian Fluid => m not f(g)
Laminar Flow
Length (m)
First Issue
Flow rate
Pre
ssure
Inlet Pressure – Steady State
May be OK for Steady State
...but not able to reach it
Pipeline Startup
Interesting Case
MIS
910m
200mP
QN
QS
Pump
Análise da Contrapressão em P-18
2000.00
4000.00
6000.00
8000.00
10000.00
12000.00
14000.00
03/08/2007 00:00:00
03/08/2007 02:24:00
03/08/2007 04:48:00
03/08/2007 07:12:00
03/08/2007 09:36:00
03/08/2007 12:00:00
03/08/2007 14:24:00
03/08/2007 16:48:00
vazão
m3/d
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
Pre
ssão
Kg
f/cm
2QT Qn Qs Pmed
21 km
2 X 12”
pL
DQ
m
128
4
velocity
tw
tw
p1 p2
L
Hagen-Poiseuille:
Second Issue
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Temperature [ºC]
Vis
cosity [
cP
]
L
temperature
The Problem
Strong dependence on the viscosity with temperature;
One dimensional models for laminar flow => Poiseuille velocity profile => Constant viscosity along pipe section;
However it is possible that radial temperature profile may not be neglected.
Is this radial temperature profile significant?
What is the limit for the use of Poiseuille ?
Example: Temperature profile 10 km downstream pipeline
inlet
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
r/R
Te
mp
era
ture
0
5
10
15
20
25
Vis
co
sity [P
a.s
]
Temperatura
Viscosidade
The Problem
Tbulk = 44ºC
Visc(Tbulk) = 1,1 Pa.s
Bulk ViscosityHigh viscosity region => velocity profile
So... What?
CFD Simulation
Model: Simplified Navier-Stokes
Results
Velocity Profile : z/L = 0,1
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.5
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
r/R
u/U
CFD
Modelo
Poiseuilli
Velocity Profile : z/L = 1
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.5
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
r/R
u/U
CFD
Modelo
Poiseuilli
Fully developed flow not reached in
this case
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
z/L
Pre
ssu
re [b
ar] CFD
Modelo
Poiseuilli
Higher pressure drop
Conclusions (so far)
Higher Pressure drop.
High dependence on heat exchange.
Perhaps there is not a fully developed flow.
How is the velocity profile during startup ? Plug or core flow?
How to measure the velocity profile (to validate model)?
Or measuring pressure gradient is enough?
Is it possible to develop a one-dimensional model?
