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April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

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April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl
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Page 1: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

April BeslDinsmore & Shohl LLP

February 3, 2011

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 2: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Nothing in this presentation should be construed or is intended to be legal advice. If you have specific questions, please consult with the counsel of your choice. All images and trademarks used in the presentation are property of their respective owners.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 3: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

The World of Social Media Discoverability of Social Media Admissibility of Social Media Practice Tips When Using Social Media

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 4: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 5: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

A New Form of Worldwide Communication◦ Always Accessible Via Mobile Phones

Communication Often Without a “Filter”◦ People Talk About Their Lives, Their Jobs, Their

Families, Their Issues

A New Tool for Law Enforcement◦ Cincinnati Police and UC Marketing Using Social

Media to Combat Gangs

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 6: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Facebook Added Over 200 Million Users in Less than a Year◦ It took 38 Years for Radio and 13 Years for TV to reach 50 Million Users!

1 in 6 Higher Education Students Are Enrolled in Online Curriculum

Ashton Kutcher and Britney Spears Have More Twitter Followers Than The Entire Populations of Sweden, Israel, Switzerland, Ireland, Norway, or Panama

Studies Show Wikipedia Is As Accurate As Encyclopedia Britannica◦ 78% of these articles are non-English

There Are Over 200,000,000 Blogs

80% of Twitter Usage is on Mobile Devices◦ People Can Update Anytime and Anywhere – Imagine What That Means with

Juries and the Press!

Stats from Socialnomics Blog◦ Erik Qualman: Global Vice President for EF Education◦ Socialnomics – How Social Media Transforms the Way We Live and Do Business

Top 10 Book in Web Marketing, e-Commerce, and Business & Culture – Culture on Amazon.com

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 7: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Growing Area of the Law ◦ Cases Are Coming Out Everyday With New Rules

and New Interpretations of Rules◦ Few Courts Have Actually Addressed These Issues

New Technology Keeps Changing the Rules

New Role as Educator◦ Many Older Practitioners, Judges, and Other

Professionals Need to Be “Taught” About the Technology

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 8: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

New Worries and Considerations◦ From Defendants to Prosecutors to Judges to

Jurors◦ Increased Presence of the Public

Example: Ryan Widmer Case◦ Bloggers, Twitter Feeds Feeding Every Detail to

the Public◦ During Voir Dire Jurors Were Asked if They Could

Refrain from Social Media for the Duration of Trial

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 9: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Oregon Forcible Rape Case◦ Teenager Told Police She Would Never Willingly

Have Had Sex

◦ Defense Lawyer Laura Fine Used Provocative Photos and Comments on Her MySpace Page About Parties, Drinking, and “Getting Some” to Discredit Her

◦ Grand Jury Dismissed the Charge

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 10: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Florida Federal Drug Trial, U.S. v. Frank Hernandez, Crim. No. 07-60027 (S.D. Fla)◦ Juror Admitted to Doing Research on the Case on

the Internet

◦ When Questioned by the Judge Nine Other Jurors Admitted to Doing the Same Thing! 10 of 12 Jurors Were Violating Express Instructions

◦ Mistrial Declared After Eight Weeks of Work by Prosecutors and Defense Lawyers

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 11: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Michigan Juror Removed from Criminal Trial in September 2010◦ Punished for Contempt and Ordered to Pay $250

Fine and Write Essay About Constitutional Right to Fair Trial

Juror Posted on Facebook During Trial:◦ “actually excited for jury duty tomorrow. It’s

gonna be fun to tell the defendant they’re GUILTY.”

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 12: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure State That:◦ Parties may obtain discovery on any non-

privileged matter that is relevant to any claim or defense.

Including!◦ Requesting that another party “produce and permit

the [requesting] party … to inspect, copy, test, any … designated documents or electronically stored information.”

Rules 26(b); 34(a)

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 13: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Relevance is an “Extremely Broad” Concept in Discovery – But It Does Have Its Limits!

Quigley Corp. v Karkus, 2009 WL 1383280◦ Court held that Facebook “Friends” Status of Co-

Defendants Not Relevant to Claims of SEC Violation

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 14: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

What Are The Main Social Media Sites Where Information Will Be Found? ◦ Facebook◦ Twitter◦ Blogs◦ LinkedIn◦ MySpace◦ YouTube

The List for Each Defendant Though Will Be Different!

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 15: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

One of the World’s Largest Networking Sites

Functions Similar to a “Yearbook” ◦ People Can Post Comments to A Page Featuring Photos

and Personal Information Similar to Signing a Yearbook

Over Years Has Grown Outside Previous Mold◦ Chat Feature◦ Interactive Games Played Exclusively on Facebook

◦ Still Keeps “Yearbook” Theme in Personal Information and Postings

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 16: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Wall Posts ◦ Where Individuals and Friends Can Post “Comments”

or “Status Updates”

Profile Information About the Person◦ Education◦ Work◦ Interests◦ Hobbies

Photos◦ Photos Tagged by Someone Else◦ Photos Uploaded by the Person

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 17: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 18: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 19: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 20: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 21: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 22: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Limited to 140 Characters ◦ Can Be Posted Both from Computers and Mobile

Devices

Postings Are Date and Time Stamped May Have Picture / Profile Information

Available on the Twitter User’s Page

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 23: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 24: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 25: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Personalized Diaries Online◦ Same Secrets, Publicly Shared

Typically Longer Posts Than On Facebook, Twitter, and Other Sites

Posts Can Still Be Made Via a Mobile Phone and Text Message

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 26: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 27: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Heavily Used by Younger Generations◦ Also Popular With Artists to Share Music

Similar to Facebook But More of a “Locker” Than a Page in a Yearbook◦ Posting Quotes & Photos◦ “Gadgets” Like Countdowns, Quizzes, Etc.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 28: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 29: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Social Media Site for Professionals◦ Online Resumes

Also Offers Job Searches, Job Postings, and Groups◦ Groups Offer Sharing of Information and Articles

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 30: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 31: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Users Can Upload Videos for Comment and Viewing by Third Parties ◦ Visitors Can “Subscribe” to User and Receive

Notice of New Videos

Videos Can Be Uploaded From Most Mobile Phones to a Linked YouTube Account!

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 32: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 33: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Even Companies and Other Entities Have Pages on These Sites!

Many Companies Even Have Employees Dedicated Exclusively to Social Media◦ Communicating With Consumers◦ Responding to Postings With Complaints◦ Sharing Information About the Company◦ A Form of Free Press and Advertising!

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 34: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 35: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 36: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

A Wealth of Information at Your Fingers…

So What’s the Catch?

PRIVACY CONTROLS

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 37: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

There is a Lack of Expectation of Privacy Regarding Public Postings on Social Media◦ But Users Have Right to Select Privacy Preferences

◦ Guest v. Leis, 255 F.3d 325 (6th Cir. 2001)

Controls Change What is Accessible By Attorneys◦ Lock Twitter Accounts◦ Limit Accessibility of Facebook Profiles◦ Block Access to MySpace◦ Change What is Visible on LinkedIn

Can Change What You See on a Facebook Profile from This…

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 38: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 39: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

No Wall PostsNo Personal Info.No Photos

And It Can Be Limited Even More!

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 40: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Is the Information No Longer Discoverable? ◦ No! It Can Still Be Discovered if Done Properly

Expectation and Intent of Privacy Not Enough◦ Recent Indiana S. District Case, May 11, 2010:

EECO v. Simply Storage Management, LLC, 2010 WL 3446105

“Simply Locking a Profile from Public Access Does Not Prevent Discovery”

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 41: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Relevant Information Still Discoverable◦ Even When on Private Profiles or in Private

Messages

Example: Private Messages With Third Parties Containing Information Regarding Sexual Harassment Allegations or Alleged Emotional Distress Held to be Discoverable◦ Mackelprang v. Fidelity Nat’l Title Agency of

Nevada Inc, 2007 WL 119149 (D. Nev. 2007)

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 42: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Must “Establish a Factual Predicate With Respect to Relevance of the Evidence”◦ McCann v. Harleysville Ins. Co. of New York, 2010 NY

Slip. Op. 08181 (Nov. 12, 2010).

Have to Make a Showing of Adequate Relevancy for Wanting the Information!◦ “Where there is an indication that a person’s social

network sites contain information relevant to the prosecution or defense of a lawsuit…and the law’s general dispreference for the allowance of privileges, access to those sites should be freely granted.”

◦ McMillen v. Hummingbird Speedway, Inc., No. 113-2010 CD (C.P. Jefferson, Sept. 9, 2010).

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 43: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

To Determine If Something is Relevant You Need to Have Some Idea What is “Hidden” on the Site.

So The Question Is: ◦ How Do You Find Out What Is There and…

How Far Can You Ethically Go?

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 44: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Cannot Deceptively “Friend” Someone◦ Whether Parties or Witnesses (Expert or Lay)

Rules of Ethics Prohibit Attorneys from Making False Statements and Engaging in Dishonest Conduct

◦ Whether Directly or Through An Agent Rules of Ethics Make Lawyers Responsible for Ethical

Violations of Hired, Non-Legal Personnel if Lawyer Directed, Ordered, or Ratified the Specific Conduct

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 45: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Can Access “Public” Pages◦ No Ethical Rules Are Violated for Viewing Anything

That is Publicly Available

◦ No Expectation of Privacy for Publicly Viewable Information

Request Information and Communications “Related” to Facts of Case◦ Also Pictures Posted During Relevant Time

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 46: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Can Also Serve Social Network Provider ◦ But! May Run Into Issues Where Provider Refuses to

Turn Over Information Under Stored Communications Act Facebook Very Passionate About SCA

Stored Communications Act◦ Generally Prohibits Electronic Communications Services

from Revealing Users’ Private Messages to Outside Entities and Individuals, Absent Statutory Exception

Mixed Results in Court to These Refusals

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 47: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Party Discovery◦ (1) List of All Email Addresses Used by Defendant◦ (2) List of All Social Network and Video Sharing Sites

Used by Defendant With Their Member Names◦ (3) Production of All Videos “Uploaded” Online◦ (4) A Copy of All Posts Made by the Defendant

Including Comments and Replies to Other Posts◦ (5) If Applicable, A List of All Site Addresses Where

the Defendant’s Webcam Has Ever Had a Live Feed◦ (6)All Posted Online Articles Authored, In Whole or In

Part, By the Defendant

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 48: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Expert Discovery◦ (1) List of All Email Addresses Used by Experts◦ (2) List of All Social Network and Video Sharing Sites

Used by Expert With Their Member Names◦ (3) Production of All Videos “Uploaded” Online by the

Expert◦ (4) Copies of All Podcasts Involving the Expert◦ (5) If Applicable, A List of All Site Addresses Where the

Expert’s Webcam Has Ever Had a Live Feed◦ (6)All Posted Online Articles Authored, In Whole or In

Part, By the Expert◦ (7) List of All URLs Owned or Maintained By the Expert

Including Those Where the Expert Simply Has an Economic Interest

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 49: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Main Issues in Admissibility◦ Relevance◦ Authentication ◦ Hearsay

To Decide Admissibility Issues Judges Have Even “Friended” Parties to Review and Authenticate Postings ◦ E.g. Barnes v. CUS Nashville, LLC

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 50: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Federal Rule of Evidence 401 Definition: ◦ “Evidence Having Any Tendency to Make the

Existence of Any Fact That is of Consequence to the Determination of the Action More Probable or Less Than It Would Be Without the Evidence”

However – ◦ Beware Prejudicial Effect of Evidence Actually

Precluding Admissibility!

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 51: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

The Issue: ◦ How Do You Prove the Online Post is the Work of

the Defendant or a Designated Agent of the Defendant?

Authenticate Via Member or User Name, Content of Post, and Date and Time Stamp on Post◦ If Defendant Does Not Deny Member or User

Name Then Authentication Should Be Simplified

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 52: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

If Defendant Denies Member or User Name:◦ Try to Authenticate Using Email Address for

Account if Email Addresses Were Produced in Discovery

◦ May Be Essential to Obtain Entire Set of Records Associated with Member Name from Third Party Provider But You Could Run Into Opposition

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 53: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Authentication of Video or Audio◦ Video and Audio Clips Are Generally Easier to

Authentication Where Defendant is Present on Screen

Federal Rule of Evidence 901(b)(5)◦ Allows for Authentication of a Voice by Lay

Opinion

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 54: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

In Some Cases You May Have to Get Around a “Hearsay” Objection◦ Often Practitioners Rely On “Statement by Party

Opponent” Exception

Federal Rule of Evidence 801(d)(2) Provides: ◦ Statement is Not Hearsay If:

(1) It is the Party’s Own Statement, In Either an Individual or Representative Capacity

(2) A Statement of Which the Party Has Manifested an Adoption or Belief in its Truth;

(3) Statement By Person Authorized by Party to Make a Statement on the Subject

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 55: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Social Media Can Be An Effective Tool Not Only in Cases But Also in Practice◦ But Only If Done Properly!

Use Must Conform With Local Ethics Rules◦ In Discovery & Trial◦ In Personal Use◦ In Business

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 56: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Review Relevant Online Presence◦ The Victim◦ First Responders◦ Medical Personnel ◦ Coroner’s Office Personnel◦ All Lay Witnesses◦ All Expert Witnesses

Anyone Who Will Testify Is Subject to Scrutiny Based on Posted Online

Cut-Off Any Harm to Credibility Ahead of Time

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 57: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Review Social Media Pages Early in the Case◦ Social Media Pages Change Rapidly ◦ Relevant Posts Can Be Harder to Find After Time

Passes if Poster is Very Active

Save Anything Seen Online Immediately◦ Print Pages or Save Them Using Screen Capture

(PRTSC Key)

Postings Can Be Deleted or Removed With a Simple Click of an “X” Button

Wayback Machine Can Also Be Helpful◦ Located at http://web.archive.org

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 58: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Review Public Profiles for Potential Jurors◦ Are They Active? ◦ Are They Already Talking About the Case?

Question Whether They Can Stay Off Sites◦ Not Only to Avoid Posts by Juror That Could Lead

to Mistrial – But Also to Avoid Opinions of Friends on Sensationalized Cases

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 59: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Avoid Posting False or Misleading Information ◦ Both On Your Own Sites and On Websites

◦ E.g. October 2010 Louisiana Supreme Court Reprimanded a Law Firm’s Management Committee

for Failing to Supervise a Non-Lawyer Who Had Posted Misleading Qualifications About a Member of the Firm on the Firm’s Website.

Ethical Rules Preclude Such Dissemination of False or Misleading Information

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 60: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Same Ethical Rules Regarding Client Solicitation and Confidentiality Apply Online◦ Do Not Get “Post-Happy” About Individual Matters

or Information

Beware Inadvertently Forming Client Relationships With Persons Online◦ Example: LinkedIn Answers

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 61: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Florida Ethics Opinion◦ Recent Florida Judicial Ethics Opinion Stated that

“Friending” Judges Conveys Impression of Being in a “Special Position” to Influence Judge

Doesn’t Matter If You Play Golf Every Week With the Judge◦ Only Matters How it Appears Online

Nothing Like That in Ohio or Kentucky, But Something to Keep in Mind!

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 62: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

Beware Unprofessional Posts About Cases or Judges

Example: Florida Prosecutor Brandon White◦ Made the National News for His Postings on Facebook Regarding

“Frustrating” Trial Set to Gilligan’s Island Theme

◦ “Just sit right back and you’ll hear a tale, a tale of a fateful trial,That started from this court in St. Lucie County.The lead prosecutor was a good woman, the 2nd chair was totally awesome,Six jurors were ready for trial that day for a four hour trial, a four hour trial.

◦ The trial started easy enough but then became roughThe judge and jury confused,If not for the courage of the fearless prosecutorsThe trial would be lost, the trial would be lost.”

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl

Page 63: April Besl Dinsmore & Shohl LLP February 3, 2011 Copyright 2011 April L. Besl.

April Besl 513-977-8527 [email protected]

THANK YOU!!!

Copyright 2011 April L. Besl


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