APUSH – April 27

Objectives: To review the major US wars To review the major British Acts propelling the

Colonists towards the Revolutionary War To review the antebellum period prior to the Civil War

Homework: Study

Agenda: Wars Acts Antebellum period

AMERICAN CONFLICTS

Focus on Mexican/American War

WarsDates Conflict Combatants

July 4, 1675 -August 12, 1676 King Philip's War

New England Colonies vs. Wampanoag,

Narragansett, and Nipmuck Indians

1689-1697 King William's War The English Colonies vs. France

1702-1713 Queen Anne's War War of Spanish Succession)

The English Colonies vs. France

1744-1748King George's War (War of Austrian

Succession)

The French Colonies vs. Great Britain

1756-1763 French and Indian War (Seven Years War)

The French Colonies vs. Great Britain

1759-1761 Cherokee War English Colonists vs. Cherokee Indians

1775-1783 American Revolution English Colonists vs. Great Britain

1798-1800 Franco-American Naval War

United States vs. France

Wars

Dates Conflict Combatants

1801-1805; 1815 Barbary WarsUnited States vs.

Morocco, Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli

1812-1815 War of 1812 United States vs Great Britain

1813-1814 Creek War United States vs Creek Indians

1836 War of Texas Independence Texas vs. Mexico

1846-1848 Mexican-American War United States vs. Mexico

1861-1865 U.S. Civil War Union vs. Confederacy

1898 Spanish-American War United States

1914-1918 World War I

Triple Alliance: Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary vs. Triple

Entente: Britain, France, and Russia. The United

States joined on the side of the Triple Entente in

1917.

Wars

Dates Conflict Combatants

1939-1945 World War II

Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan vs. Major Allied Powers: United States, Great Britain, France, and Russia

1950-1953 Korean War

United States (as part of the United Nations) and South Korea vs.

North Korea and Communist China

1960-1975 Vietnam WarUnited States and South Vietnam vs.

North Vietnam

1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion United States vs. Cuba

1983 Grenada United States Intervention

1989 US Invasion of Panama United States vs. Panama

1990-1991 Persian Gulf War United States and Coalition Forces vs.

Iraq

Wars

1995-1996 Intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina

United States as part of NATO acted

peacekeepers in former Yugoslavia

2001Invasion of Afghanistan

United States and Coalition Forces vs.

the Taliban regime in Afghanistan to fight

terrorism.

2003 Invasion of Iraq United States and Coalition Forces vs.

Iraq

2011 Supported Freedom Fighters

Supported Egypt, Libya, and other countries as citizens attempted to overthrow governments and increase freedoms

Mexican American War

In 1836 Texas won their independence from Mexico (War for Texas Independence)

In 1845, with the election of Polk, the US annexed Texas and moved them towards statehood.

Mexico was not pleased, disputed the southern border of Texas

On April 25, 1846, a US cavalry patrol, led by Captain Seth Thornton, was attacked by Mexican troops. Following the “Thornton Affair,” Polk asked Congress for a declaration of war, which was issued on May 13.

Fighting Mexican/American War Zachary Taylor

Attacked on way to reinforce Fort Texas Received reinforcements himself, fought off

attack Invaded and took Monterrey, south of the

Rio Grande Offered a two month peace where he would

withdraw from the city Polk not pleased

Polk Moves

Gives troops to Stephen Kearney Moves to California through SW, takes

Sante Fe and eventually most of the state of California

General Scott lands outside Veracruz, takes the city and moves inland Eventually takes Mexico City

The war effectively ends

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico cedes the lands of California,

Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming in exchange for 15 million dollars

Mexico relinquished all claims to Texas Rio Grande is the border between US

and Mexico Mexican citizens property rights and civil

rights in the new territories would be protected and Mexican citizens living within the territories would become American citizens after one year

1650-1775

British Acts leading to the Revolution

Acts – specific to Mercantile System

The Act What it said The Purpose US Response

The Navigation Act of 1650

All commerce flowing to and from the colonies could be transported only in British vessels (pg 123).

Aimed at rival Dutch shippers trying to elbow their way into American ports.

Angry but didn’t do much about it.

Paper money and bankruptcy laws

Colonists were not able to print paper money or pass indulgent bankruptcy laws

Would hurt British merchants

American welfare was being sacrificed for British Merchants.

Nullification laws The crown reserved the right to nullify and legislation passed by colonial assemblies

To keep colonial laws from hurting the mercantile system

Veto was used sparingly but colonists resented it’s very existence.

Acts – Under Grenville

The Act What it said The Purpose US reaction

The Sugar Act of 1764

Increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the W. Indies.

First law passed by Parliament for raising tax revenue in the colonies for the crown.

Colonists were outraged.

Quartering Act of 1765

Required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops

Housing during times of war

Colonists resented the crown and the troops

Stamp Act of 1765

Mandated the use of a stamp which certified payment of tax.

To raise revenues to support the new military force

Angry about Grenville’s fiscal aggression. “No taxation without representation” and nonimportation agreements

Acts – under Townshend

The Act What it said The Purpose US response

The Townshend Acts 1767

Import duties on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea. Indirect customs duty paid at the port

To make money off the colonies, but to do so quietly unlike Grenville’s acts

Colonists still upset by the Stamp Act were rebellious. Tea outraged them the most.

The Intolerable Acts - 1774 The Act What it said The purpose US response

Boston Port Act Closed Boston Harbor until damages were paid and order ensued.

To get money for all the damages/product lost during the Boston Tea Party

Anger -

Restrictions placed on town meetings

To move colonies away from self government

Anger -

Officials who killed colonists were sent to Britain for trial

Chastise colonists into behaving

Colonists thought that those officials would get off scot-free

New Quartering Act

Gave local authorities to quarter British troops anywhere.

To anger the colonists and provide housing for soldiers during conflict

Bostonians were especially angry

Acts

The Act What it said Its purpose US response

The Quebec Act of 1774

Guaranteed French (Canadians) Catholic religion, permitted to retain customs (not rep assemblies or trial by jury), Quebec boundaries pushed south to Ohio River.

To deal with the 60k French subjects in Canada (post 7 yrs war).

Colonists saw it as a dangerous precedent (lack of assembly and juries). Alarmed land speculators and aroused Anti-Catholics.

Post Revolutionary War – Civil War

Antebellum America

Basic Elements of Antebellum America

Early Emancipation Industrialization Politics Issue of Slavery Second Great Awakening

Religions Utopian Society

Women’s reform Westward expansion

Agrarian based Lacked transportation Cotton is king Societal structure Laws regarding

slavery Constitution Fugitive Slave Act

1783 and 1850

North South

Forging a national economy *North Westward expansion

Frontier life was crude Frontiers men called on neighbors and

government for help Population

Growing immensely Urban areas

High birth rate and immigration Anti-Foreignism

Forging A National Economy

Creeping Mechanization – North British inventors created machines for mass

production of textiles Ushered in modern factory systems

Many people to consume goods Samuel Slater – father of the factory system

First factory – Rhode Island Whitney Ends the Fiber Famine – South

Cotton gin Cotton became highly profitable South became tied to cotton Produced Westward expansion in the South

Forging a National Economy

Western Farmers Reap a Revolution in the fields Farms changed the face of the West

Grew grain Produce floated down Ohio and Mississippi Rivers Inventions helped speed up farming

Plows, mechanical mower-reaper

Highways and Steamboats Raw materials needed to be transported to

factories Lancaster turnpike in Pennsylvania Cumberland Road Steamboats

North and West

South and

North

Forging a National Economy

Railroads Defied terrain and

weather Many lines built

post1850

Forging a National Economy

Transportation web binds the union Connected the West to the East

More specifically in the North Regions were specialized

South – Cotton for export to NE and England West – Grain for livestock and workers in the East and

Europe East – made machines and textiles for the West and South

Political and Military implications Mississippi River connected the South

Overlooked the fact that many other forms connected the North and West

The interdependent economy would prove problematic

South and the Slavery Controversy Cotton is King

North and South depended on Cotton to make money 1/2 the value of all exports post 1840 Produced half the world supply of cotton

Britain was aware of this

Planter Aristocracy Educated kids in schools in the north or

abroad Undemocratic

Feudal Society

Southern Society (1850)

Southern Society (1850)“Slavocracy”

[plantation owners]

The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers]

6,000,000

Black Freemen

Black Slaves3,200,000

250,000

Total US Population 23,000,000[9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

South and the Slavery Controversy Plantation agriculture

Land butchery Heavy population leakage to the West and

Northwest Monopolistic

Big got bigger Financially unstable

Overspeculation of land and slaves One crop economy North grew fat at the South’s expense

Repelled immigrants

The South and the Slavery Controversy

Early Abolitionism Inhumanity of the “peculiar institution” gradually

caused anti-slavery societies to sprout forth Quakers American Colonization Society

Slave culture By 1860s most Africans were born in America

1830s the abolitionist movement took off Britain released slaves in the West Indies The Second Great Awakening Uncle Tom’s Cabin

The South and the Slavery Controversy

Radical Abolitionism William Lloyd Garrison

The Liberator Wendell Phillips

“Abolition’s golden trumpet” David Walker

Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World Sojourner Truth Frederick Douglass

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

The South and the Slavery Controversy

The South Lashes Back In the 1820s antislavery societies were

more numerous in the South After 1830 this stopped

Turner’s Rebellion Nullification Crisis Arguments for slavery

Widened issue between North and South Free people and Free speech

The South and the Slavery Controversy

Abolitionist Impact in the North Many were unpopular in the North

Constitution was revered North had heavy stake in the South By the 1850s the movement gained steam in the North

Didn’t want to abolish the peculiar institution outright Free Soilers

Manifest Destiny Controversy over slavery in new territories Sectional Balance

Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850

Bloodhound bill Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

Popular sovereignty