AQS & Monitoring

In This Section We Will Talk About

Monitoring & AQS2

In the fieldBefore Monitoring

QAPP – quality assurance project planAnnual monitoring planSampling schedule

Coding the data stream for AQSRegulationsExceptional eventsData certification process

Monitoring & AQS

Monitoring & AQS3

Monitor the Air Handle

Data

Acquire Data

Report (Load) DataAnalyze

RegulateStore

AQS

Before Monitoring

Monitoring & AQS4

QAPP (Quality Assurance Project Plan) Ensures that the data collected meets the requirements

Annual monitoring plan due to EPA Regional offices by July 1st of each year

Sampling Schedule Daily, 3-day & 6-day Monitoring Schedule for PM-2.5 6-day Monitoring Schedule for TSP, Pb, PM-10, and VOC 12-day Monitoring Schedule for PM-2.5 Collocation Use the sampling schedule to ensure data completeness http://www.epa.gov/ttnamti1/calendar.html

Duration Continuous monitors for CO, SO2, NOx, Noy

Ozone data can be stored in any interval convenient to the S/L/T internal system; however hourly data (duration 1) is reported

Filter-based data is usually reported as 24-hour (duration 7) integrated samples

Additional info for Reporting Data to AQS

Monitoring & AQS5

Monitors and Monitoring Agency Data Management Systems operate and report on “Local Standard Time” year-round (i.e., do not adjust clocks for daylight savings time)

Daily Samplers typically operate from midnight to midnight for the day of interest

Data are always reported with the Start Hour, e.g., a CO monitor that is reporting data would use “00:00” for the hour from midnight to 1 a.m.

Data submittal requirements are described in CFR §58.16

Monitoring

Monitoring & AQS6

Meteorological parameters Wind speed Wind direction Barometric pressure temperature

Non-NAAQS pollutantsNAAQS pollutants

SO2 and relatedNO2 and relatedLeadPM10PM2.5COozone

§ 58.16 Data submittal and archivingrequirements.(a) The State, or where appropriate, local agency, shall report to the Administrator, via AQS all ambient air quality data and associated quality assurance data for SO2; CO; O3; NO2; NO; NOY; NOX; Pb–TSP mass concentration; Pb–PM10 mass concentration; PM10 mass concentration; PM2.5mass concentration; for filter-based PM2.5FRM/ FEM the field blank mass, sampler-generated average daily temperature, and sampler-generated average daily pressure; chemically speciated PM2.5 mass concentration data; PM10–2.5 mass concentration; chemically speciated PM10–2.5 mass concentration data; meteorological data from NCore and PAMS sites; average daily temperature and average daily pressure for Pb sites if not already reported from sampler generated records; and metadata records and information specified by the AQS Data Coding Manual (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/manuals/manuals.htm). The State, or where appropriate, local agency, may report site specific meteorological measurements generated by onsite equipment (meteorological instruments, or sampler generated) or measurements from the nearest airport reporting ambient pressure and temperature. Such air quality data and information must be submitted directly to the AQS via electronic transmission on the specified quarterly schedule described in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) The specific quarterly reporting periods are January 1–March 31, April 1–June 30, July 1–September 30, and October 1–December 31. The data and information reported for each reporting period must contain all data and information gathered during the reporting period, and be received in the AQS within 90 days after the end of the quarterly reporting period. For example, the data for the reporting period January 1–March 31 are due on or before June 30 of that year.(c) Air quality data submitted for each reporting period must be edited, validated, and entered into the AQS (within the time limits specified in paragraph (b) of this section) pursuant to appropriate AQS procedures. The procedures for editing and validating data are described in the AQS Data Coding Manual and in each monitoring agency’s quality assurance project plan.(d) The State shall report VOC and if collected, carbonyl, NH3, and HNO3 data, from PAMS sites to AQS within 6 months following the end of each quarterly reporting period listed in paragraph (b) of this section.(e) The State shall also submit any portion or all of the SLAMS and SPM data to the appropriate Regional Administratorupon request.

Monitoring data for AQS - Site

Monitoring & AQS7

Monitoring instrumentation is at a particular location

Need to have a site established in AQS State code + county code + site ID Metadata – data describing the physical location

Site 11-222-3333

ACME ParticulateMeasuring Device

Monitoring data to AQS – What is required to set-up a Site?

Monitoring & AQS8

Unique Site IDMetadata needed:

Latitude and longitude (in decimal degrees) Horizontal datum (what datum was used for lat/lon?) Horizontal method (how was lat/lon measured?) Horizontal accuracy (accuracy of lat/lon, in meters) Vertical measure (elevation, in meters) Vertical accuracy (accuracy of elevation, in meters) Vertical method (how elevation measured?) Street address, land use type and location setting Agency Role (agency that is supporting this site) Primary Monitor Period (for lead, NO2, PM2.5)

Monitoring instrument(s) for different parameters/pollutants

In AQS, a “monitor”means the sampling for a single parameter at a Site… does not refer to the actual measuring device

Monitoring

Monitoring & AQS9

PM10 - TotalPM10 – LeadPM10 – MercuryPM10 - Nickel

4 AQS Monitors11-222-3333-81102-111-222-3333-85128-111-222-3333-85142-111-222-3333-85136-1

Site 11-222-3333

ACME ParticulateMeasuring Device

Monitoring data to AQS – What is required to set-up a Monitor?

Monitoring & AQS10

An established SiteParameter codePOC (parameter occurrence code) – a sequence

number when measuring multiple occurrences of the same pollutant

Metadata: Vertical probe height, etc is optional Sample period begin date Monitor type (SLAMS, Tribal Monitor. . ) Agency roles Monitoring objective Required collection frequency Collocation info

Sample measurements from the monitoring instrument

Reported to AQS as “Raw Data” – the sample measurements in some time increment (5-minute, hourly, daily) with units

Monitoring

Monitoring & AQS11

Monitor 11-222-3333-81102-1

ACME ParticulateMeasuring Device

4.5 mg/cm3

3.2 ppb 1.7 mmHg

2.4 ppm

Met Monitoring some commonly reported observations

Monitoring & AQS12

Wind speed Resultant or vector (61103 Wind Speed – Resultant) **

preferred Scalar (61101 Wind Speed - Scalar)

Wind direction Resultant or vector (61104 Wind Direction – Resultant) **

preferred Scalar (61102 Wind Direction – Scalar)

Temperature 62101 Outdoor Temperature 62104 Temperature 24-Hr Max

Barometer (64101 Barometric Pressure ) Others (Dew Point, Relative Humidity, etc)

Met and Non-NAAQS Monitoring

Monitoring & AQS13

SimplerNot as many regs and implications as for NAAQSFor all, it is the same process to get the data

into AQS

Non-NAAQS Monitoring

Monitoring & AQS14

Ammonia Find the parameter code Find the units code Find the methodology code describing the monitoring

method Use the correct time increment

Description Code

Pollutant or Parameter? Ammonia 42604

Units? PPM 007

Collection method? InstrumentalAnalysis Method? Teco 17 Chemiluminescence

051

Duration? 1-hour 1And the raw data looks like this. . .

Sample Measurements (hourly) in AQS format

Monitoring & AQS15

RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|00:00|0.010|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|01:00|0.004|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|02:00|0.004|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|03:00|0.004|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|04:00|0.003|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|05:00|0.002|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|06:00|0.025|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|07:00|0.101|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|08:00|0.024|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|09:00|0.021|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|10:00|0.009|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|11:00|0.013|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|12:00|0.026|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|13:00|0.024|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|14:00|0.026|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|15:00|0.031|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|16:00|0.028|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|17:00|0.025|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|18:00|0.034|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|19:00|0.018|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|20:00|0.009|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|21:00|0.006|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|22:00|0.006|||||||||||||||RD|I|29|129|0001|42604|1|1|007|051|20000101|23:00|0.005|||||||||||||||

RDAction Code “insert”

State Code|County Code|Site ID|Parameter|POC| Duration Code

Measurement Units CodeMethod Code

Sample Date | Sample Start Hour

Sample MeasurementQualifiers

NAAQS Monitoring

Monitoring & AQS16

NAAQS pollutantsSO2 and relatedNO2 and relatedLeadPM10

PM2.5

COOzone

NAAQS Monitoring

Monitoring & AQS17

SO2 NAAQS SO2 hourly standard (2010) requires 1-hour and 5-minute data designate PMP at site-level for a new SO2 monitor

SO2 and related SO2 hourly (42401, duration 1) New reporting requirement for SO2 5-minute, effective August 23, 2010

If you are reporting:

Use parameter: Use duration: Use POC: Notes:

maximum 5-minute SO2 average from

each hour

use AQS parameter code “42406”

duration code of “1”

Use of POC 1 is suggested but not required.

all of the twelve 5-minute averages from each hour

use AQS parameter code “42401”

duration code of “H”

Often 42401 duration “1” data is reported as POC 1, so the use of POC 2 (if available) is suggested but not required.

Since “42401” is also used for hourly SO2

(duration 1) data, a new POC must be established. The maximum 5-minute average for each hour does not have to be identified and separately reported.

NAAQS Monitoring

Monitoring & AQS18

NAAQSNO2 hourly standard (2010) requires hourly NO2 dataNO2 annual standard (1971) requires hourly NO2 data

NO2 and relatedHourly NO2 (42602, duration 1)NO, NOx from NO2 instrumentsNO, NOy from NO2 instruments at NCORE sites

Parameter codesNO = nitrogen oxide = 42601NO2 = nitrogen dioxide = 42602NOx = oxides of nitrogen = 42603NOy = reactive oxides of nitrogen = 42600NOy – NO = difference channel output from NOy box =

42612 designate PMP for a new NO2 monitor

NAAQS Monitoring

Monitoring & AQS19

Lead NAAQS Lead 3-month (2009) requires 24-hour data Lead 3-month PM10 surrogate (2009) requires 24-hour data Lead quarterly (1978) requires 24-hour data

Parameter codes Lead 3-month uses lead at local conditions = 14129 ** need a PMP at site-level Lead PM10 surrogate uses lead/ PM10 at LC = 85129 ** need a PMP at site-level Lead quarterly uses lead at STP = 12128 (for sites still designated

nonattainment under the old standard) “Technical Note – Lead Data Reporting to AQS, April 30, 2009” Met parameters for outdoor temp & barometric pressure (only one

set necessary per site)

Lead in TSP Lead in PM10

FRM/FEM Non-FRM/FEM FRM/FEM Non-FRM/FEM

Local conditions (LC)

14129 Lead TSP LC

FRM/FEM

14128 Lead (TSP) LC Non-FRM/FEM

85129 Lead PM10 LC

FRM/FEM

85128 Lead PM10 LC

Standard temperature and pressure (STP)

12128 Lead (TSP) STP NA

82128 Lead PM10 STP

NAAQS Monitoring

Monitoring & AQS20

PM10 NAAQS requires 1-hour or 24-hour dataPM10 24-hr standard (2006)

Parameter codesPM10 = 81102

For NCore, PMcoarse = PM10 - PM2.5

PMcoarse = 86101

PM2.5 (LC) = 88101

PM10 (LC) = 85101 (optional)

NAAQS Monitoring

Monitoring & AQS21

PM2.5 NAAQS PM2.5 annual standard (2006) requires 1-hour or 24-hour data

Parameter codes PM2.5 at local conditions (FEM/FRM) = 88101

Primary Monitor must be defined in AQS at the site-level for collocation purposes Technical Note - Reporting PM2.5 Continuous Monitoring and Speciation Data

to the Air Quality System (AQS) 6/01/2006 For NCore, PMcoarse = PM10 - PM2.5

PMcoarse = 86101

Parameter name

Parameter Code

Purpose Notes

PM2.5 local conditions

88101 Appropriate code for all FRM/FEM/ARMs Original code for PM2.5 at local conditions

PM2.5 total atmospheric

88500 Valid data from methods measuring total PM2.5 aerosols in the atmosphere, including those that can be volatilized from the FRM

Introduced in 2005

PM2.5 raw data 88501 Valid uncorrected data that does not reasonably match the FRM

Introduced in 2005

Acceptable PM2.5 AQI & speciation mass

88502 Valid data that does reasonably match the FRM with or without correction, but not to be used in NAAQS decisions

Introduced in 2006

PM2.5 volatile channel

88503 Store important related data such as the FDMS reference channel

Introduced in 2006

NAAQS Monitoring

Monitoring & AQS22

CO NAAQSCO 8-hr standard (1971) requires 1-hour data

Parameter codesCO = 42101

NAAQS Monitoring

Monitoring & AQS23

O3 NAAQSozone 8-hr standard (2008) requires 1-hour dataozone 1-hr daily (1997) requires 1-hour data

Parameter codesO3 = 44201

Ozone primary standard0.075 ppm (2008) is based on the 8-hour average To attain the standard, the 3-year average of the 4th

highest daily max 8-hour average ozone concentration measured at each monitor within an area over each year must not exceed 0.075ppm

Multiple pollutant standards

Monitoring & AQS24

Must be able to distinguish between multiple pollutant standards in AQS

Will cover this in more detail in Standard Reports

NAAQS Standards and Monitoring

Monitoring & AQS25

AMTIC website (OAQPS monitoring group)http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/

AQS website (OAQPS AQS group)http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/

NAAQS websitehttp://epa.gov/air/criteria.html

Emails, technical memos, Federal Register

Site “Metadata”

Monitoring & AQS26

Latitude and longitude + method used to determineSite addressSupporting AgencyBegin date/End dateLocal site name (e.g., Jones Elementary)Land useLocation settingTangent roads (nearby roadways)

Monitor “Metadata”

Monitoring & AQS27

Basic Monitor (Instrument) information (optional) Probe location Probe height (height of probe from ground) Probe horizontal distance (distance from probe to support) Probe vertical distance (vert. distance from probe to support) etc

Sample period begin date Monitor type (SLAMS, Tribal Monitor. . ) and begin date Agency roles and begin date Monitoring objective and applicable geographical area Required collection frequency and begin date Tangent Road Collocation information

Monitor Types

Monitoring & AQS28

All SLAMS and some Tribal monitors are used for NAAQS determinations

If not an FRM/FEM monitor, then don’t report it as a Regulatory monitor

Report as “Non-regulatory” and won’t be used in Design Value (DV) calculations

PAMS = Photochemical Assessment Monitoring StationsNCore = National Core multi-pollutant monitoring stations

SLAMS SPM Tribal Industrial

State/local agencies

PAMS

NCore

Agency Roles

Monitoring & AQS29

Collecting Agencywho maintains the instrument in the field?

Reporting AgencyWho reports the data to AQS?Required for all pollutants

Analyzing AgencyWho (which lab) analyzes the filters?

PQAO (Primary Quality Assurance Organization) AgencyWho is responsible for QA, audits, etc?Required for all pollutantsStart date no earlier than 1/1/2007

Exceptional Event Rule

Monitoring & AQS30

The Federal Regulations (40 CFR Part 50.14) allow Ambient Air Quality Measurements that are Exceedances or Violations of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) that are caused by an “Exceptional Event” to be excluded from Attainment demonstrations.

(Exceptional Event Rule = EER)

EER – AQS Process

Monitoring & AQS31

Reporting Agency “flags” data with exceptional Event Flag, and submits justification to EPA

Regional office either concurs with exclusion or “non-concurs”

AQS computes summaries (daily, quarterly, and annual) that either include or exclude the flagged data, with a unique “Exceptional Data Type ID”

AQS Reports will show either summary data flagged with EDT ID 0

0 – No data has been flagged OR 1, 2, and 5

1 – The summary excludes all flagged data 2 – The summary does not exclude any data 5 – The summary excludes regionally concurred flagged data

Data Completeness and Certification

Monitoring & AQS32

Submission of data sample data should be submitted to AQS by the end of the calendar quarter

following the measurement date; ie, measurements from March 5th should be submitted to AQS by June 30th

Annual Data Certification For SLAMS and FRM, FEM and ARM SPM stations All PAMS except SPM Calendar year’s data must be certified by May 1st of the following year; ie, CY2010

data must be certified by May 1, 2011

What’s needed? Data certification statement signed by the senior air pollution monitoring

person from the monitoring agency in the form of a letter to the EPA Regional Administrator

AQS summary report AMP450 (QuickLook) for CO, NO2, SO2, ozone, PM10, lead (12128) and PM2.5 AMP450NC (QuickLook NonCriteria) for other pollutants, lead (14129)

AQS quality assurance report – AMP255 (Data Quality) – for each monitor in the PQAO See 40CFR 58 Appendix A; should be done for each PQAO