Aquaculture Ppt

7/25/2019 Aquaculture Ppt

1/23

INTRODUCTION TOAQUACULTURE


2/23

Defnition o Aquaculture

Aquaculture means; cultivation of thenatural products of water such assh, shellsh, crustaceans and plants

under control conditions.


3/23

INTRODUCTION The term aquaculture involves all forms of aquatic

animals and plants in fresh, brackish and saltwater. In PN, aquaculture!s potential is hi"hl# re"arded

because it can complement wild sher#, provide for foodsecurit#, especiall# in the central hi"hlands. It haspotential to be a "reat revenue earner for the nation;however production is limited to a number of species suchas trout, carp and tilapia and recentl# pearl o#ster,barramundi and marine prawns.

In the last decade there has been rapid pro"ress from the

freshwater culture tilapia to $ariculture of barramundi,marine prawns and pearl o#sters. %espite this theaquaculture development in PN is constrained b# poorcoordination of research and development e&orts, pooraccess to information and technolo"# and chronicshorta"e for local aquaculture e'pertise.


4/23

SPECIES BACKGROUND

In ()*+s, the freshwater sh farmin" be"an inPN. ainbow Trout -Oncorhynchus mykisswas also

introduced to PN. /water temperature of (012 to

(312. 2ommon carp -Cyprinus carpio were

introduced to PN.Adaptable to harshenvironment, disease resistance, omnivorous diet

and fast "row. 456 (712 and distributed in bothPN 4i"hlands and 8owlands.

The tilapia -Oreochomis have "oodcharacteristics for sh farmin". The# are fast

"rowin" and able to survive in poor water


5/23

cont!"# The water temperature ran"e for optimal "rowth

and reproduction is between 5+ and 0+92. :atertemperatures as low as (512 a tolerated butwater temperature below (+12 a survived forprolon"ed period of time.


6/23

Parameters favorable fortilapia "rowth.

Parameter Level comment

Temperature 25-30oc Optimum for

reproduction and growth

DO (mg/L 3 !inimum for optimum

growth"alinit# (ppt $0-$5 %avor growth

p& '5-) Optimum for primar#

reproduction

*O2 (mg/L 20

Total ammonia (mg/L 002-05

Tur+idit# 30-35 "ilt can damage

,ater current 20 %or intenive culture flowthrough #tem


7/23

%isadvanta"es of tilapia(. ncontrolled breedin" in the ponds can lead toovercrowdin" and stunted "rowth. The# will not

"row well if the water temperature is lower than5512.

Note< In all aspects of live, there are factors whichhave "reat e&ect on the species "rowth andreproduction for both internall# and e'ternall#.

=nvironmental factors and water qualit# adversel#a&ects the "rowin" and reproducin" of the sh.


8/23

:ater >ualit#

There are two most important factors whichdetermine the qualit# of water.

(. Temperature

5. Amount of o'#"en dissolved in the water.


9/23

Temperature will a&ect all

chemical? biolo"ical processes.elationship

between "rowth andtemperature.

@actors a&ectin" thespecies "rowth.


10/23

$i%& nutritionThere are two t#pes;

(. Naturall# produced food


11/23

$i%& nutrition

5. Cupplement @ood


12/23

Clides continue


13/23

@ormulated feed for sh

@ishmeal


14/23

$ee!in' 'ui!eline% or f%& Feed the fish at the same time in one corner of the pond. Fish will get

used to this and come near the surface of the water so it is easier to see

if the fish are eating and growing well. Feeding should be done in the

late morning or early afternoon when dissolved oxygen levels are high

so the fish have enough time to recover from the high oxygen-

demanding feeding activity before nightfall

Do not over feed the fish. Too much food will decay and used up too

much oxygen in the pond.

Do not feed fish in overcast day. Feed fish when the weather is fine.

Stop feeding fish for at least one day before breeding, harvesting or

transporting them. This enables the fish to digest the food completely.

In general, fry can be starved for ! hours, fingerlings for !" hours and

adult fish to excrete waste ma#ing the water turbid.


15/23

Pon! cultureood culture pond.

Location Select lan! (it& a 'entle %lo)e an! la*out )on!% to ta+e a!,anta'e% o e-i%tin' lan!contour%#

Con%truction Ponds ma# be du" into the "round, the# ma# be partl# above and partl# in the "round, or the#ma# be below ori"inal "round level; slopes and bottom should be well packed durin"construction to prevent erosion and seepa"e; soil should contain a minimum of 5DE cla#,rocks, "rass, branches and other undesirable obFects should be eliminated from the dikes

Pon! !e)t& %epth should be +.D (.+ m at shallow end, slopin" to (.D5.+ m at the drain end; deeper pondsma# be required in the lowland where temperature is ver# hi"h.

Conf'uratio

n

Gest shape for ponds is rectan"ular or square

Si!e Slo)e% 2onstruct ponds with 5


16/23

Square )on!

K b# K; (mshallowend


17/23

2ircular pondLer# hard for mana"ement.


18/23

Pro0le/% (it& eart&en )on!%

@eed sinked in the pond resulted rise in bottom

"round. Greak top "round into the ponds. %r# season dries the "round water 5.D0m deep ponds Tall "rasses -bush# 8ow p4 of the soil %ensel# al"ae "rowth

4i"h turbidit# 2hemical deposition.


19/23

Que%tion% to ASK1###1#####1

(. :hat t#pes of ponds do we haveM

5. 4ow man# ponds do we haveM0. Am I pro"ressin" or dreamin"M

K. Am I helpin" m#self or e'pectin" miraclesto happen to meM

D. 4ow will I be improve on m# farm work

*. 4ow will I become L= reliable person M

3. :hen will I improve on m# farmM

7. :here will I "et helpM). :hat is lackin"M

OI want to becomesomebod#Q


20/23


21/23


22/23

22

$. Tilapia broodstoc#%. Technician chec#ing fish in

small tilapia hatchery facility


23/23

T4ANR6 86N 4AI$

G86 P=8A

presented b#< SG$ari

Date post:	24-Feb-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	jona
View:	224 times
Download:	1 times

Aquaculture Ppt

Documents