Aquaponic

Group 5

Nulsida omar

Nur Huzaifah Ahmad Zaini

Muhamad Faiz Zaim Mohd Azli

Yuyan Ji

Xupeng Wang

Shujie Le

Aquaculture: usually the pond model. It is easy and at low cost but uses much

water, pollutes the river heavily and is likely to be infected by virus and bacteria.

Hydroponic: uses less water, saves the soil and is easy to control the quality of plants, but it needs more time and technology to manage the plants.

What are the challenges in Aquaponic ?

Combination of aquaculture (raising fish) and hydroponics (the soil-less growing of plants)

that grows fish and plants together in one integrated system.

The fish waste provides an organic food

source for the plants, and the plants naturally filter the water for the fish.

What is an Aquaponic ?

What the benefits of Aquaponics ?

Aquaponics relies on the recycling of nutrient-rich water continuously. In aquaponics there is no toxic run-off from either hydroponics or aquaculture.

No harmful petro chemicals, pesticides or herbicides can be used. It’s a natural eco system!

Aquaponic systems are scaleable! They can fit most sizes and budgets, from small countertop herb systems, to backyard gardens, to full scale farms.

The best part – get to harvest both plants and fish

Aquaponic and Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen

cycle

photosynthesis

Nitrogen as FertilizerNitrogen is a key nutrient for plant growth

How Nitrogen Fertilizers works ?

• urea is broken down by enzymes in the soil to become ammonia

• ammonia is broken down into ammonium through mineralization

• ammonia is broken down into nitrite and the nitrate through nitrification ( Nitrogen Cycle )

How does the nitrogen cycle work ?

special bacteria convert the nitrogen gas to ammonia which the plants can use

converts the ammonia into nitrite ions which plants can take in as nutrients

the living organisms have used the nitrogen, decomposer bacteria convert the nitrogen-rich waste into simples one

bacteria convert the simple nitrogen which is released into the atmosphere to begin the cycle again

Nitrogen Fixation

Nitrification

Ammonification

Denitrification

How Does the

Aquaponic system work ?

How does it work?

Plants absorb the nitrates as nutrients

Naturally occurring bacteria convert ammonia from the fish

waste into nitrites and then nitrates

Fish Breath in oxygen and breath out carbon dioxide. Plants absorb the carbon, which leaves

oxygen-rich water for the fish tank

Once fed, fish produce ammonia-rich waste.

Water travels through the pump then through the grow bed where it is

filtered

After water is filtered by the plants, it returns to the fish tank

Types of Aquaponics system

Home System small

commercial Hybrid System

Small commercial

Hydroponic Conversions

Hybrid Systems

Commercial Systems

Hybrid Systems

Source :http://www.backyardaquaponics.com/guide-to-aquaponics/running-of-the-system/

Deep Water Culture (DWC)➢ One of the more commonly practiced

commercial methods

➢ Can be done by floating a foam raft on top of the fish tank

➢ Pump the water through a filtration system then into long channels

➢ Floating rafts filled with plants float on the water surface and extracts the nutrients

Media Filled Growbeds (MFG)➢ The simplest form of aquaponics

➢ Water from a fish tank is pumped over the media filled growbeds.

➢ Two different ways:-

-Continuous flow of water over the flooding

-Draining the grow bed, in a flood and

drain Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)➢ A commonly used hydroponic method, but is not

as common in aquaponic systems.

➢ Nutrient rich water is pumped down small enclosed gutters.

➢ Plants allowing their roots to access the water and absorb the nutrients.

➢ Generally suitable for leafy green vegetables

Commercial Systems

Hybrid Systems ( DWC )

Home System small

commercial Hybrid System

( MFG )

Small commercial

Hydroponic Conversions

Hybrid Systems (NFT)

Who can use

Aquaponic ?

Individualss

Commercial

Schools and

Universities

Source: http://www.japan-aquaponics.com/aquaponics-systems.html

What types of plants can be grown in Aquaponics?

•Most varieties of lettuce •Most varieties of herbs •Tomatoes •Cucumber •Peppers •Broccoli

What fish can be grown in Aquaponics?

Perch

Catfish

Tilapia

Freshwater Prawn

Koi

Goldfish

- Thrive in temperatures of 74 to 90

degrees Fahrenheit

- Mostly they are a popular choice

- Requires heat of water

- During wintertime, it allow to grow year round because heating the water provides a “ hop tub” for plants in their growbeds

- Do not have to spend large amount of money heating for greenhouse.

Tilapia

Price of fish need to be considered in aquaponics

COUNTRY Price Per KG

MALAYSIAN 6-11 Ringgit Malaysia

CHINA 8-15 Yuan

Source :http://ikanonline.lkim.com.my/

How to keep the right temperature of the water for the fish ?

Starting with the location of the fish tank

If the fish tank is going to be extreme conditions of heat or cold, then the

best solution was insulate the tank.

This will help keep the water from fluctuating in large increments.

Secondly, get an aquarium heater that will turn on and off when a certain

temperature is established.

How to maintain the

health of system ?

Proper Dechlorination

Chlorine or chloramines are extremely harmful to aquatic life and will cause fish fatalities and benefial microbes if not remove from the water.

21

Method for dechlorination

Aging Ascorbic AcidAllow the water to be used to sit out for 24-48 hours beforehand.Chlorine gas dissipate,leavingclean and dechlorinated waterAdd small air stone into the bucket to speed up the process.

Use tablets of pure ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)The most cost effective option because only required small amount of vitamin C1 ascorbic acid tablet (1g) = will treat 100 gallons of water

Testing Water Parameter

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Liquid Aquarium Test Kid

Multi-Read Aquarium Test Strips

pH Ammonia Nitrites Nitrates

Describe the acidity or alkalinity of water

Caused by decaying food and other organic

very poisonous to aquatic life

Much less toxic to aquatic life and is also a form of nitrogen that is very easily taken up by plant roots.

Most growing plants and vegetables prefer a slightly acidic pH which is 6.1 - 6.8 would be ideal.

Ammonia level should read 0ppm.

Nitrites level should read 0ppm.

Nitrate levels should read 10-25 ppm. Reading below this may be indicator that there are not enough nitrogen to sustain plant.

What other nutrients need to add in order to maintain the health of the system ?

Iron Potassium Calcium

- Yellow Coloring on the leaves

- veins of the plants stay a darker green

- add chelated iron either in auto spin or water spout

- the new growth will return to a darker green

- Brown coloring on the leaves

- Brown discoloration all the way around the leaf.

- add small amount of cream of tartar to your system

- Spotting on the leaves

- buffer the PH

- take egg shells and heat up in microwave for 20-30 seconds

- put in plants beds under water supply (old nylon stocking)

Has been practiced in China for centuries.

Aquaponic in China

raise ducks in the rice field

Raise fishes in the rice field

Aquaponic in China

eat

delicious excrement

排泄物

Lake Taihu World's largest aquaponics project in china's third largest aquaculture lake.

Did you know that Lake Taihu experienced it's worst ever algal bloom at the height of summer 2004

SOLUTIONS:

floating wetlands, that are designed to remove nutrients that fuel algal blooms

over 4 acres in size, using new technologies in combination with old world bamboo that is used in traditional Chinese building

Experiments growing rice on fish ponds provided a foundation for scaling up to lakes and larger water bodies for earth and water repair.

Growing rice aquaponics on fish ponds in China

Floating Wetlands Biomimics nature, using biomaterials and plant biology to remediate and restore nature’s balance with non-toxic and sustainable processes

Concept : Natural wetlands that process nutrients and pollutants with soil and plants

Advantages of Floating Wetlands

• Plants don’t die off and don’t release nutrients back into the water, which on its own is a compelling reason to utilize floating wetlands in dams, lakes and ponds.

• Mop up pollutants that run-off from farming, urban and industrial areas.

• x200 times more efficient than conventional constructed wetlands, and don’t suffer the die off problems and nutrient release that free floating aquatic plants or conventional wetlands experience

• Best management approach for open water bodies including lakes, ponds, aquaculture systems, waste water lagoons and even estuaries with marine waters

• Provide fish habitat in the root zone, protection from predatory water birds, spawning protection for frogs and eels, and nesting sites for endangered water birds

• Preventing and eliminating algal blooms, associated fish kills and preventing inshore marine dead zones

• Modern construction methods and materials provide long lasting, durable and non-toxic materials to maintain treatment effectiveness over time.

Has been practiced in China for centuries.Has been practiced in China for centuries.

THANK YOU

Aquaponic

THANK YOU