Thomac

Jefferson

A rchiect & L awyer & U.S.president

Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 into a family closely related to some of the most prominent individuals in Virginia, the

third of eight children.

Peter Jefferson {father}

Jane Randolph {mother}

Birth and upbringing

Thomas Jefferson with his famliy

At age 16, Jefferson entered the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, and first met the law professor George Wythe, who became his influential mentor. He studied mathematics, metaphysics, and philosophy under Professor William Small, who introduced the enthusiastic Jefferson to the writings of the British Empiricists, including John Locke, Francis Bacon, and Isaac Newton.[14] He also improved his French, Greek, and violin. A diligent student, Jefferson displayed an avid curiosity in all fields[15] and graduated in 1762, completing his studies in only two years. Jefferson read law while working as a law clerk for Wythe. During this time, he also read a wide variety of English classics and political works. Jefferson was admitted to the Virginia bar in 1767

George Wythe

Thomas Jefferson Education

Jefferson would go on to handle many cases as a lawyer in colonial Virginia, managing more than a hundred cases each year between 1768 and 1773 in General Court alone, while acting as counsel in hundreds of cases.

Thomas Jefferson lawyer

Became the third president of the United States of America to the period from 1801 until 1809 and one of the most famous presidents.

Thomas Jefferson president

Jeffersonian Architecture is an American form of Neo-Classicism or Neo-Palladianism embodied in American president and polymath Thomas Jefferson's designs for his home (Monticello), his retreat (Poplar Forest), his school (University of Virginia), and his designs for the homes of friends and political allies (notably Barboursville). Over a dozen private homes bearing his personal stamp still stand today. Jefferson's style was popular in the early American period at about the same time that the more mainstream Neoclassical architecture was also coming into vogue (1790s-1830s) with his

Construction on Monticello began; Monticello was the house that Jefferson

designed and lived in most of his life.

Jeffersonian Architecture

Monticello floor plan

1- Entrance Hall 2- South Square Room 3- Library , or Bookroom 4- South Piazza , or Greenhouse 5- Cabinet 6- Jefferson's Bedroom 7- Parlor 8- Dining Room 9- Tea Room 10- North Octagonal Room 11- North Square Room

Entrance Hall

Dimensions: 27' 11"x 23' 9"; ceiling 18' 2" Order: Ionic with modillions Color: Whitewash, with a yellow-orange dado (the portion of the wall below the chair-rail); green floorcloth Purpose of Room: Reception area and waiting room for visitors; a museum of American natural history, western civilization, and Native American cultures

Dimensions: 14' 10"x 15' 3" (with an annex 10' 10" x 10' 1"); ceiling 10' 0" Order: Tuscan Color: There is evidence that this space was originally wallpapered; today painted oyster white Purpose of Room: Held Jefferson's libraries, the largest of which consisted of more than 6,000 books and was sold to Congress in 1815 after its building and collection were damaged by the British in 1814, forming the nucleus of the Library of Congress Architectural features: Part of a "suite" of private rooms used by Jefferson, comprised of the Library, the Greenhouse, the Cabinet, and Jefferson's Bedroom; the plan based on an octagon, a favored architectural shape for Jefferson

Library (Book Room)

Dimensions: 21' 7"x 12' 4"; ceiling 11' 7 3/4" Color: White Purpose of Room: Greenhouse for growing plants; location of Jefferson's workbench, where he is known to have made locks and chains; possibly home to a pet mockingbird Unusual architectural features: Part of Jefferson's suite of private rooms that included his book room, writing office (Cabinet), and bedroom. Flanked by two "venetian porches" Furnishings of note: work table and tools, as well as flowers, seeds, and flats for sprouting seeds.

Southeast Piazza (Greenhouse)

Dimensions: 14' 10" x 15' 4"; ceiling 10' 0" Order: Tuscan Source: Palladio Color: Currently, blue; recent investigations show multiple layers of paint. Purpose of Room: Martha Jefferson Randolph's sitting room, where she sewed, taught her children, and directed the slaves who worked as household servants; the room also housed some of the overflow of Jefferson's books from his Library. Unusual features: Rumford fireplace altered by Jefferson to burn -- in a more efficient manner -- wood instead of coal. Furnishings of note: Tables and chairs for reading, writing, and sewing, including a sewing table

South Square Room

Dimensions: 18'6" x 11' 10"; ceiling 10' 0"

Order: Tuscan

Source: Palladio

Color: There is some evidence that the room was originally wallpapered; today painted oyster white.

Purpose of Room: Office for reading, writing, architectural drafting, and scientific observation

Unusual architectural features: Part of a "suite" of Jefferson's private rooms, along with the Book Room, Greenhouse, and Bedroom; adjoins Jefferson's Bedroom via a passage and an alcove bed open on both sides; plan based on an octagon, a favored architectural shape for Jefferson

Cabinet

Dimensions: 18' 7"x 13' 5"; ceiling 18' 8" Order: Ionic Source: Temple of Fortuna Virilis from Palladio; frieze from Desgodetz, Les Édifices Antiques de Rome Color: There is evidence that the room was wallpapered; today painted oyster white Purpose of Room: Bedroom Architectural Features: Alcove bed, open on both sides, joins the Bedroom with Jefferson's Cabinet, or office -- a hinged, double-door screen (not shown today) separated the two rooms when shut; a privy was located near one end of the bed, an early example of indoor bathroom facilities in America; the room features one of the house's thirteen skylights; closet over the bed utilized space efficiently and was accessible via ladder.

Jefferson's Bedchamber

Dimensions: 27' 3" x 23' 8"; ceiling 18' 2"

Order: Corinthian

Source: Palladio, with frieze from the Temple of Jupiter Tonans (Thunderer), from Desgodetz, Les Édifices Antiques de Rome

Color: Unpainted plaster, with a Jefferson-designed parquet floor of cherry and beech

Purpose of Room: Games, music, reading, and a center of social activity. The room displayed much of Jefferson's art collection and was site to weddings, dances, and christenings

Architectural features: Parquet floor, automatic double-doors (doors.qt)

Parlor

Dimensions: 18' 6" x 18' 0"; ceiling 17' 9" (shown from perspective of Tea Room)

Order: Doric

Source: Palladio

Color: Originally unpainted plaster, then yellow, then wall-papered; current blue paint dates from 1890

Purpose of Room: Dining area

Dining Room

Dimensions: 15' 1"x 11' 2"; ceiling 17' 11" (shown on left; Dining Room is right)

Order: Doric

Source: A building in Albano, Italy, depicted in Freart, Parallel de l'Architecture Antique avec la Moderne

Color: Unpainted plaster; today the room is painted to replicate a plaster finish

Purpose of Room: Dining area; reading and writing area for Jefferson

Architectural features: double pocket doors on rollers (QuickTime Movie: Dining_Room_doors.mov, 162 K) separate the western-most, and coldest, Tea Room from the Dining Room; based on one of Jefferson's favorite architectural shapes, the octagon

Tea Room

Dimensions: 14' 10" x 15' 4"; ceiling 10' 0"

Order: Tuscan

Source: Palladio, based on the Arena of Verona

Color: Originally yellow, then wall-papered; today shown as unpainted plaster

Purpose of Room: Bedroom, used frequently by the Portuguese scholar Abbé José Correia da Serra.

Architectural Features: Alcove bed with a closet overhead; interior window shutters are used throughout the first floor for privacy and insulation.

Dimensions: 14' 10"x 15' 3"; ceiling 10' 0"

Order: Tuscan

Source: Palladio

Color: French wallpaper -- the original trellis pattern has been reproduced. Jefferson purchased wallpaper for other rooms, but researchers have not yet found enough evidence to reproduce it.

Purpose of Room: Bedroom and possibly a sitting room, used frequently by James and Dolley Madison.

North Octagonal Room

North Square Room

In 1803, President Jefferson appointed Benjamin Henry Latrobe as surveyor of public buildings in the United States, thus introducing Greek Revival architecture to the country for the first time. Latrobe went on to design a number of important public buildings in Washington, D.C. and Philadelphia, including work on the United States Capitol and the Bank of Pennsylvania.[3] Even after Jefferson's style went out of vogue for other public buildings, it continued to have an influence on many Protestant church designs on the East Coast through the mid-20th century. The style is still employed on some Southern college campuses, particularly in Virginia and the Peabody College campus of Vanderbilt University, and it has enjoyed a certain re-emergence among some newer 21st century evangelical church complexes. The University of Mary Washington, previously the University of Virginia's college for women, is another primary example of Jefferson's architecture.

Benjamin Henry Boneval Latrobe (May 1, 1764 - September 3, 1820) was a British-born American architect best known for his design of the United Stat Capitol, as well as his design of Baltimore's cathes edral. Latrobe came to the United States in 1796, settling first in Virginia and then relocating to Philadelphia where he set up his practice.

In 1803, he was hired as Surveyor of the Public Buildings of the United States, and

spent much of the next fourteen years working on projects in Washington, D.C.

Later in his life, Latrobe worked on a waterworks project in New Orleans,

where he ended up dying in 1820 from yellow fever. He has been called the "Father of American Architecture".

Birth and upbringing

Most important work

Bank of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Principal story plan for the White House by

Benjamin Henry Latrobe, 1807.

Latrobe's Capitol when first occupied by Congress, 1800 Principal story plan for the White House by

Benjamin Henry Latrobe, 1807.

Benjamin Henry Boneval Latrobe

Latrobe died in 1820 from yellow fever, while working in New Orleans on the waterworks project. He was buried in Saint Louis Cemetery in New Orleans, where his son, Henry, was buried three years earlier after also dying from yellow fever.

His Death

Jeffersonian buildings Designed by Jefferson: "First Monticello" (1768–1784; demolished) Monticello (1794–1805) Poplar Forest (1806–1826) The Lawn/"Academical Village" (1817), University of Virginia Farmington Country Club Main Portico, "Jefferson Room" Barboursville (Completed ca. 1822; ruins) The Rotunda, University of Virginia (1822–26; burnt 1895; rebuilt 1898-99) Jail, Nelson County Courthouse grounds, site is present day Sheriff's Offices. Directly influenced by Jefferson: Manor house, Lower Brandon Plantation (1760s; Possibly designed by Jefferson) Virginia State House (Completed 1788; Design partially credited to Jefferson) Manor house, Belle Grove Plantation (1794–1797; Consultation by Jefferson) Manor house, Bremo Plantation (1819; Consultation by Jefferson)

Poplar Forest

Poplar Forest

Poplar Forest was Thomas Jefferson's plantation and plantation house in what is now Forest, Virginia, near Lynchburg. He designed it and treated it as a private retreat, working on it from 1806 until his death 20 years later. "It is the most valuable of my possessions," Jefferson once wrote a correspondent. Although he had intended it for his youngest daughter Mary Jefferson Eppes and her family, she died at age 26. He entrusted it to her only surviving son Francis W. Eppes

The Rotunda is a building located on The Lawn in the original grounds of the University of Virginia. It was designed by Thomas Jefferson to represent the "authority of nature and power of reason" and was inspired by the Pantheon in Rome. Construction began in 1822 and was completed in 1826, after his death. The grounds of the new university were unique in that they surrounded a library housed in the Rotunda rather than a church, as was common at other universities in the English-speaking world. The Rotunda is seen as a lasting symbol of Jefferson's belief in the separation of church and education, as well as his lifelong dedication to both education and architecture. The collegiate structure, the immediate area around it, and Jefferson's nearby home at Monticello combine to form one of only three modern man-made sites in the United States to be internationally protected and preserved as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO (the other two are the Statue of Liberty and Independence Hall).

The Rotunda, University of

Virginia

Ground Plan of the University of Virginia by Peter Maverick. Engraving, 1822. Peter Maverick based his engravings on an 1821 study by draughtsman and builder John Neilson.

The Rotunda, University of

Virginia

The Rotunda, University of

Virginia

Thomas Jefferson. University of Virginia: Rotunda, South Elevation. 1819-21. Ink. Scale: 1" = 10'. 17¼" x 8¾". Image courtesy of the Thomas Jefferson Papers, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library

Andrea Palladio. Pantheon, Section. 1719. Book IV, Chapter XX, Plate LXI in The Architecture of Palladio

Thomas Jefferson. University of Virginia: Rotunda, Section. 1819

Thomas Jefferson. University of Virginia: Rotunda, Second Floor or Dome Room

Plan. 1819

Andrea Palladio. Pantheon, Floor Plan. 1719

Root-3 geometric proportions in the Leoni Palladio Pantheon, Elevation. 1719

Thomas Jefferson. University of Virginia: Rotunda, First Floor Plan. 1819

Thomas was growing old and was going to die soon. It was also almost the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. So the exact thing happened. Tom died on July 4th 1826. That was the life of Thomas Jefferson.

thomas jefferson memorial

Done By :

ALAA ABDULRHMAN BAKUR 0920621

Supervision : DR. FAROQ MOFTI

ENG. Ahmed Fallatah